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Biomolecules Class 11 Notes Biology Chapter 9

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FAQs on Biomolecules Class 11 Notes Biology Chapter 9

1. What are biomolecules and why are they important in living organisms?
Ans. Biomolecules are large, complex molecules that are essential for life. They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These molecules play crucial roles in various biological processes such as providing energy, storing and transmitting genetic information, and facilitating chemical reactions. Without biomolecules, living organisms would not be able to function properly.
2. How are carbohydrates classified and what are their functions in the body?
Ans. Carbohydrates are classified into three main groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and serve as a source of energy. Disaccharides are formed by the combination of two monosaccharides and are commonly found in foods like sugar and honey. Polysaccharides, such as starch and cellulose, are complex carbohydrates that act as energy storage molecules and provide structural support in plants.
3. What is the role of proteins in the body and how are they synthesized?
Ans. Proteins have diverse functions in the body, including acting as enzymes, transporters, structural components, and hormones. They are synthesized through a process called protein synthesis, which involves transcription and translation. During transcription, the information contained in a gene is transcribed into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. This mRNA then serves as a template for translation, where ribosomes help assemble amino acids into a specific sequence to form a protein.
4. How do lipids contribute to cell structure and function?
Ans. Lipids are an essential component of cell membranes and play a crucial role in maintaining their structure and integrity. They form a lipid bilayer that acts as a barrier, regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell. Lipids also serve as energy storage molecules and insulation, protecting organs and tissues. Additionally, lipids are involved in signaling pathways and serve as precursors for the synthesis of hormones.
5. What are nucleic acids and why are they important in genetics?
Ans. Nucleic acids are biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information. There are two types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA contains the instructions necessary for the development and functioning of all living organisms, while RNA is involved in protein synthesis. Nucleic acids are important in genetics because they carry and transmit hereditary information from one generation to the next, determining an organism's traits and characteristics.
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