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From the Beginning of Time (Old Syllabus) Revision Notes | NCERT Textbooks (Class 6 to Class 12) - CTET & State TET PDF Download

From the Beginning of Time (Old Syllabus) Revision Notes | NCERT Textbooks (Class 6 to Class 12) - CTET & State TET

Phases of Evolution

Ape  -  Primates-Subgroupofalargergroupofmammals-include-monkeys and humans [240 Million yrs. ago]
Australopithecus - Huminids are further subdivided into branches, known as 'genus' of which Australopithecus and ' Homo' are important. [56 Million yrs. ago]
Hono-erectus - 'Up - right man'- Upright walking was also restricted, over time, as tool making and long distance walking increased, many human characteristics also developed, [56m yrs. ago]
Hono-Sapiens    -    Literally— 'Thinking man'or'Wise-man'
The remains of early humans have been classified into different species. These are often distinguished from one another on the basis of differences in bone structure. For instance species of early humans are differentiated in terms of their skull size and distinctivejaws.
Tool-Making-

Comparison:
 Modern Human:

The scholars who feel that ethnographic data can not be used for under standing past societies.
They have not applied directly the specific data from present day hunter - gather societies to interpret the archaeological remains of the post.
They have the ideas:

  • Present day hunter-gatherer societies pursues several other economic activities along with hunting and gathering.
  • These include engaging in exchange and trade in minor forest produce or working as paid labourers in the fields of neighbouring farmers.
  • More over, these societies are totally - marginalised to all senses geographically, politically and socially.
  • The conditions in which they live are very different from those of early humans.
  • There are tremendous variation amongst living hunter-gatherer societies.
  • There are conflicting data on many issues such as the 'relative, importance of hunting and gathering, group sizes or the movement from place to place.

Both women and men are contributing to the food supply.

From the Beginning of Time (Old Syllabus) Revision Notes | NCERT Textbooks (Class 6 to Class 12) - CTET & State TET

From the Beginning of Time (Old Syllabus) Revision Notes | NCERT Textbooks (Class 6 to Class 12) - CTET & State TET
From the Beginning of Time (Old Syllabus) Revision Notes | NCERT Textbooks (Class 6 to Class 12) - CTET & State TET

From the Beginning of Time (Old Syllabus) Revision Notes | NCERT Textbooks (Class 6 to Class 12) - CTET & State TET

From the Beginning of Time (Old Syllabus) Revision Notes | NCERT Textbooks (Class 6 to Class 12) - CTET & State TET

From the Beginning of Time (Old Syllabus) Revision Notes | NCERT Textbooks (Class 6 to Class 12) - CTET & State TET
From the Beginning of Time (Old Syllabus) Revision Notes | NCERT Textbooks (Class 6 to Class 12) - CTET & State TET

KeyWords : Fossils, Species, Primates, Hominoids Artefacts, Anthropology, Ethnograph

From the Beginning of Time (Old Syllabus) Revision Notes | NCERT Textbooks (Class 6 to Class 12) - CTET & State TET

From the Beginning of Time (Old Syllabus) Revision Notes | NCERT Textbooks (Class 6 to Class 12) - CTET & State TET

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1. What is the Big Bang theory?
Ans. The Big Bang theory is the most widely accepted scientific explanation of how the universe began. It suggests that the universe started as a single point or singularity and then expanded rapidly, creating all matter and energy in the process.
2. How old is the universe according to the Big Bang theory?
Ans. According to the Big Bang theory, the universe is approximately 13.8 billion years old. This age is determined through the study of cosmic microwave background radiation and the observed rate of the universe's expansion.
3. What is the role of dark matter in the universe?
Ans. Dark matter is a type of matter that does not interact with light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation, making it invisible to telescopes and other instruments that detect light. Scientists believe that dark matter plays a crucial role in the universe's structure and evolution, as it provides the gravitational "glue" that holds galaxies and other cosmic structures together.
4. How did life on Earth begin?
Ans. The exact origin of life on Earth is still a mystery, but scientists believe that it may have started in a warm, nutrient-rich environment such as a shallow pool or hydrothermal vent. Over time, simple organic molecules may have combined to form more complex molecules, eventually leading to the development of the first living organisms.
5. What is the ultimate fate of the universe?
Ans. The ultimate fate of the universe is still a subject of debate among scientists, but one possibility is that it will continue to expand indefinitely, eventually becoming a cold and dark place with no more stars or galaxies. Another possibility is that the universe may eventually collapse in on itself in a "Big Crunch" or undergo some other dramatic transformation.
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