Selina Textbook Solutions: Reproduction in Humans | Biology Class 8 ICSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Reproduction in Humans 
REVIEW QUESTION 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) The testes are located within the: 
1. Penis 
2. Scrotum 
3. Ureter 
4. Urinary bladder 
(b) Amoeba is most commonly reproduced by: 
1. Budding 
2. Regeneration 
3. Binary fission 
4. Multiple fission 
(c) Identify the stage which is formed after the fertilisation of the egg by the sperm? 
1. Ovule 
2. Foetus 
3. Embryo 
4. Zygote 
(d) Internally, the uterus opens into: 
1. Urethra 
2. Vagina 
3. Oviduct 
4. Vulva 
(e) Which one of the following represents the correct sequence in the life history of a 
butterfly ? 
1. Egg ? Larva ? Adult ? Pupa 
2. Egg ? Pupa ? Adult ? Larva 
3. Egg ? Larva ? Pupa ? Adult 
4. Egg ? Pupa ? Larva ? Adult 
Page 2


Reproduction in Humans 
REVIEW QUESTION 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) The testes are located within the: 
1. Penis 
2. Scrotum 
3. Ureter 
4. Urinary bladder 
(b) Amoeba is most commonly reproduced by: 
1. Budding 
2. Regeneration 
3. Binary fission 
4. Multiple fission 
(c) Identify the stage which is formed after the fertilisation of the egg by the sperm? 
1. Ovule 
2. Foetus 
3. Embryo 
4. Zygote 
(d) Internally, the uterus opens into: 
1. Urethra 
2. Vagina 
3. Oviduct 
4. Vulva 
(e) Which one of the following represents the correct sequence in the life history of a 
butterfly ? 
1. Egg ? Larva ? Adult ? Pupa 
2. Egg ? Pupa ? Adult ? Larva 
3. Egg ? Larva ? Pupa ? Adult 
4. Egg ? Pupa ? Larva ? Adult 
Short Answer Questions: 
Question 1. 
Distinguish between the following pair of terms: 
(a) Egg and sperm. 
(b) Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. 
(c) Budding and Regeneration. 
Answer: 
(a) Egg and sperm 
Egg Sperm 
1. Egg is produced in the ovaries. 
2. Egg is spherical in shape with a nucleus. 
Sperm 
1. Sperm is produced in the testes. 
2. Sperm has head with nucleus, middle piece and tail. 
(b) Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. 
Sexual reproduction 
1. In sexual reproduction the two sexes i.e., male and female produce special type of 
reproductive cells sperms in the male and eggs in the female. 
2. To produce a new individual the sperm has to reach the ovum and fuse with it. 
e.g. Humans, bird, reptile, etc. 
Asexual reproduction: 
1. It involves the production of an offspring from a single parent without the fusion of 
reproductive cells (gametes). 
2. It is a rapid mode of multiplication, e.g. Lower plants and animals {Amoeba). 
(c) Budding and Regeneration 
Budding: Budding is a process in which buds grow on the outside of the parent body. 
The buds detach themselves when they are large enough. 
Example: Hydra 
Regeneration: Regeneration is the process that uses cell division to regrow lost body 
parts. 
Example: Starfish, sponges 
Page 3


Reproduction in Humans 
REVIEW QUESTION 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) The testes are located within the: 
1. Penis 
2. Scrotum 
3. Ureter 
4. Urinary bladder 
(b) Amoeba is most commonly reproduced by: 
1. Budding 
2. Regeneration 
3. Binary fission 
4. Multiple fission 
(c) Identify the stage which is formed after the fertilisation of the egg by the sperm? 
1. Ovule 
2. Foetus 
3. Embryo 
4. Zygote 
(d) Internally, the uterus opens into: 
1. Urethra 
2. Vagina 
3. Oviduct 
4. Vulva 
(e) Which one of the following represents the correct sequence in the life history of a 
butterfly ? 
1. Egg ? Larva ? Adult ? Pupa 
2. Egg ? Pupa ? Adult ? Larva 
3. Egg ? Larva ? Pupa ? Adult 
4. Egg ? Pupa ? Larva ? Adult 
Short Answer Questions: 
Question 1. 
Distinguish between the following pair of terms: 
(a) Egg and sperm. 
(b) Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. 
(c) Budding and Regeneration. 
Answer: 
(a) Egg and sperm 
Egg Sperm 
1. Egg is produced in the ovaries. 
2. Egg is spherical in shape with a nucleus. 
Sperm 
1. Sperm is produced in the testes. 
2. Sperm has head with nucleus, middle piece and tail. 
(b) Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. 
Sexual reproduction 
1. In sexual reproduction the two sexes i.e., male and female produce special type of 
reproductive cells sperms in the male and eggs in the female. 
2. To produce a new individual the sperm has to reach the ovum and fuse with it. 
e.g. Humans, bird, reptile, etc. 
Asexual reproduction: 
1. It involves the production of an offspring from a single parent without the fusion of 
reproductive cells (gametes). 
2. It is a rapid mode of multiplication, e.g. Lower plants and animals {Amoeba). 
(c) Budding and Regeneration 
Budding: Budding is a process in which buds grow on the outside of the parent body. 
The buds detach themselves when they are large enough. 
Example: Hydra 
Regeneration: Regeneration is the process that uses cell division to regrow lost body 
parts. 
Example: Starfish, sponges 
Question 2. 
Define the following terms: 
(a) Fetilization 
(b) Implantation 
(c) Puberty 
Answer: 
(a) Fetilization: When sperms and eggs from the opposite partners (males and 
females) fuse to form Zygote. It is called fertilization. 
(b) Implantation: The fertilised egg (zygote) soon starts developing and by the time it 
reaches the uterus, a small ball of numerous cells is already formed. This is a kind of 
embryo which forms a pit in the wall of the uterus and gets fixed in it. This natural way of 
fixing of the embryo in the wall of the uterus is called implantation. This produces the 
state of pregnancy. 
(c) Puberty: Puberty is the period during which the reproductive systems of boys and 
girls mature. In girls, it starts at the age of about ten and the first sign of puberty is the 
development of breasts. In boys, it starts at about 11 years of age of the^enlargement of 
the testes is its first sign. Sudden spurt in growth, shoulder girdle grows more than hip 
girdle. 
Question 3. 
State the reason why testes lie outside the abdomen in a scrotum? 
Answer: 
Both the testes remain in the scrotum because normal body temperature are to high, 
scrotum has smooth muscle tissues that keeps the testes at a cooler temperature than 
the body temperature 2°C to 3°C lower than the body temperature which is the most 
suitable temperature for sperm production. 
Question 4. 
Why is it important that a very large number of sperms should be present in the semen 
? 
Answer: 
Single ejaculation of semen has 20,000,000 to 40,000,000 sperms. But only 1 or 2 
sperms go into oviduct and fertilise the egg to form the Zygote. It forms embryo that 
forms an individual. It is the sperm in the semen that are of importance, and therefore 
semen quality involves both sperm quantity and quality. 
Question 5. 
List the structures, in their correct sequence, through which the sperms must pass from 
the time they are produced in the testes to the time they leave the urethra. 
Answer: 
Sperms are produced in testes. They pass as follows: 
The testes consist of a mass of sperm producing tube. The tubes join to form ducts 
leading to the epididymis which in.turn leads into a muscular sperm duct. The two 
sperm ducts, one from each testes, open at the top of the urethra. 
Page 4


Reproduction in Humans 
REVIEW QUESTION 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) The testes are located within the: 
1. Penis 
2. Scrotum 
3. Ureter 
4. Urinary bladder 
(b) Amoeba is most commonly reproduced by: 
1. Budding 
2. Regeneration 
3. Binary fission 
4. Multiple fission 
(c) Identify the stage which is formed after the fertilisation of the egg by the sperm? 
1. Ovule 
2. Foetus 
3. Embryo 
4. Zygote 
(d) Internally, the uterus opens into: 
1. Urethra 
2. Vagina 
3. Oviduct 
4. Vulva 
(e) Which one of the following represents the correct sequence in the life history of a 
butterfly ? 
1. Egg ? Larva ? Adult ? Pupa 
2. Egg ? Pupa ? Adult ? Larva 
3. Egg ? Larva ? Pupa ? Adult 
4. Egg ? Pupa ? Larva ? Adult 
Short Answer Questions: 
Question 1. 
Distinguish between the following pair of terms: 
(a) Egg and sperm. 
(b) Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. 
(c) Budding and Regeneration. 
Answer: 
(a) Egg and sperm 
Egg Sperm 
1. Egg is produced in the ovaries. 
2. Egg is spherical in shape with a nucleus. 
Sperm 
1. Sperm is produced in the testes. 
2. Sperm has head with nucleus, middle piece and tail. 
(b) Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. 
Sexual reproduction 
1. In sexual reproduction the two sexes i.e., male and female produce special type of 
reproductive cells sperms in the male and eggs in the female. 
2. To produce a new individual the sperm has to reach the ovum and fuse with it. 
e.g. Humans, bird, reptile, etc. 
Asexual reproduction: 
1. It involves the production of an offspring from a single parent without the fusion of 
reproductive cells (gametes). 
2. It is a rapid mode of multiplication, e.g. Lower plants and animals {Amoeba). 
(c) Budding and Regeneration 
Budding: Budding is a process in which buds grow on the outside of the parent body. 
The buds detach themselves when they are large enough. 
Example: Hydra 
Regeneration: Regeneration is the process that uses cell division to regrow lost body 
parts. 
Example: Starfish, sponges 
Question 2. 
Define the following terms: 
(a) Fetilization 
(b) Implantation 
(c) Puberty 
Answer: 
(a) Fetilization: When sperms and eggs from the opposite partners (males and 
females) fuse to form Zygote. It is called fertilization. 
(b) Implantation: The fertilised egg (zygote) soon starts developing and by the time it 
reaches the uterus, a small ball of numerous cells is already formed. This is a kind of 
embryo which forms a pit in the wall of the uterus and gets fixed in it. This natural way of 
fixing of the embryo in the wall of the uterus is called implantation. This produces the 
state of pregnancy. 
(c) Puberty: Puberty is the period during which the reproductive systems of boys and 
girls mature. In girls, it starts at the age of about ten and the first sign of puberty is the 
development of breasts. In boys, it starts at about 11 years of age of the^enlargement of 
the testes is its first sign. Sudden spurt in growth, shoulder girdle grows more than hip 
girdle. 
Question 3. 
State the reason why testes lie outside the abdomen in a scrotum? 
Answer: 
Both the testes remain in the scrotum because normal body temperature are to high, 
scrotum has smooth muscle tissues that keeps the testes at a cooler temperature than 
the body temperature 2°C to 3°C lower than the body temperature which is the most 
suitable temperature for sperm production. 
Question 4. 
Why is it important that a very large number of sperms should be present in the semen 
? 
Answer: 
Single ejaculation of semen has 20,000,000 to 40,000,000 sperms. But only 1 or 2 
sperms go into oviduct and fertilise the egg to form the Zygote. It forms embryo that 
forms an individual. It is the sperm in the semen that are of importance, and therefore 
semen quality involves both sperm quantity and quality. 
Question 5. 
List the structures, in their correct sequence, through which the sperms must pass from 
the time they are produced in the testes to the time they leave the urethra. 
Answer: 
Sperms are produced in testes. They pass as follows: 
The testes consist of a mass of sperm producing tube. The tubes join to form ducts 
leading to the epididymis which in.turn leads into a muscular sperm duct. The two 
sperm ducts, one from each testes, open at the top of the urethra. 
Question 6. 
State the functions of the following: 
(a) Ovary 
(b) Testes 
(c) Fallopian tubes 
(d) Seminal vesicle 
(e) Uterus 
Answer: 
(a) Ovary: Ovaries produce ova (eggs) and secrete female sex hormones, oestrogen 
and progestrone. 
(b) Testes: A pair of testes are present in human male. The testes produce sperms. 
(c) Fallopian tubes: There are two fallopian tubes in the human female reproductive 
system. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube. It also conveys fertilized egg to the 
uterus. 
(d) Seminal vesicle: The function of seminal vesicle is to store sperms and to secrete 
seminal fluid. 
(e) Uterus: The inner lining recieves, protects and nourishes embryo. Contractions of 
muscular wall expel baby during birth. 
Question 7. 
Given here is a section of the female reproductive system of human beings. 
 
(a) Name the parts labelled 1 to 4 
(b) Name the part where fertilisation occurs in human beings. 
Answer: 
(a) 
1. Ovary 
2. Fallopian tube (Oviduct) 
3. Uterus (Inner lining or Muscular wall) 
4. Vagina 
Page 5


Reproduction in Humans 
REVIEW QUESTION 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) The testes are located within the: 
1. Penis 
2. Scrotum 
3. Ureter 
4. Urinary bladder 
(b) Amoeba is most commonly reproduced by: 
1. Budding 
2. Regeneration 
3. Binary fission 
4. Multiple fission 
(c) Identify the stage which is formed after the fertilisation of the egg by the sperm? 
1. Ovule 
2. Foetus 
3. Embryo 
4. Zygote 
(d) Internally, the uterus opens into: 
1. Urethra 
2. Vagina 
3. Oviduct 
4. Vulva 
(e) Which one of the following represents the correct sequence in the life history of a 
butterfly ? 
1. Egg ? Larva ? Adult ? Pupa 
2. Egg ? Pupa ? Adult ? Larva 
3. Egg ? Larva ? Pupa ? Adult 
4. Egg ? Pupa ? Larva ? Adult 
Short Answer Questions: 
Question 1. 
Distinguish between the following pair of terms: 
(a) Egg and sperm. 
(b) Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. 
(c) Budding and Regeneration. 
Answer: 
(a) Egg and sperm 
Egg Sperm 
1. Egg is produced in the ovaries. 
2. Egg is spherical in shape with a nucleus. 
Sperm 
1. Sperm is produced in the testes. 
2. Sperm has head with nucleus, middle piece and tail. 
(b) Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. 
Sexual reproduction 
1. In sexual reproduction the two sexes i.e., male and female produce special type of 
reproductive cells sperms in the male and eggs in the female. 
2. To produce a new individual the sperm has to reach the ovum and fuse with it. 
e.g. Humans, bird, reptile, etc. 
Asexual reproduction: 
1. It involves the production of an offspring from a single parent without the fusion of 
reproductive cells (gametes). 
2. It is a rapid mode of multiplication, e.g. Lower plants and animals {Amoeba). 
(c) Budding and Regeneration 
Budding: Budding is a process in which buds grow on the outside of the parent body. 
The buds detach themselves when they are large enough. 
Example: Hydra 
Regeneration: Regeneration is the process that uses cell division to regrow lost body 
parts. 
Example: Starfish, sponges 
Question 2. 
Define the following terms: 
(a) Fetilization 
(b) Implantation 
(c) Puberty 
Answer: 
(a) Fetilization: When sperms and eggs from the opposite partners (males and 
females) fuse to form Zygote. It is called fertilization. 
(b) Implantation: The fertilised egg (zygote) soon starts developing and by the time it 
reaches the uterus, a small ball of numerous cells is already formed. This is a kind of 
embryo which forms a pit in the wall of the uterus and gets fixed in it. This natural way of 
fixing of the embryo in the wall of the uterus is called implantation. This produces the 
state of pregnancy. 
(c) Puberty: Puberty is the period during which the reproductive systems of boys and 
girls mature. In girls, it starts at the age of about ten and the first sign of puberty is the 
development of breasts. In boys, it starts at about 11 years of age of the^enlargement of 
the testes is its first sign. Sudden spurt in growth, shoulder girdle grows more than hip 
girdle. 
Question 3. 
State the reason why testes lie outside the abdomen in a scrotum? 
Answer: 
Both the testes remain in the scrotum because normal body temperature are to high, 
scrotum has smooth muscle tissues that keeps the testes at a cooler temperature than 
the body temperature 2°C to 3°C lower than the body temperature which is the most 
suitable temperature for sperm production. 
Question 4. 
Why is it important that a very large number of sperms should be present in the semen 
? 
Answer: 
Single ejaculation of semen has 20,000,000 to 40,000,000 sperms. But only 1 or 2 
sperms go into oviduct and fertilise the egg to form the Zygote. It forms embryo that 
forms an individual. It is the sperm in the semen that are of importance, and therefore 
semen quality involves both sperm quantity and quality. 
Question 5. 
List the structures, in their correct sequence, through which the sperms must pass from 
the time they are produced in the testes to the time they leave the urethra. 
Answer: 
Sperms are produced in testes. They pass as follows: 
The testes consist of a mass of sperm producing tube. The tubes join to form ducts 
leading to the epididymis which in.turn leads into a muscular sperm duct. The two 
sperm ducts, one from each testes, open at the top of the urethra. 
Question 6. 
State the functions of the following: 
(a) Ovary 
(b) Testes 
(c) Fallopian tubes 
(d) Seminal vesicle 
(e) Uterus 
Answer: 
(a) Ovary: Ovaries produce ova (eggs) and secrete female sex hormones, oestrogen 
and progestrone. 
(b) Testes: A pair of testes are present in human male. The testes produce sperms. 
(c) Fallopian tubes: There are two fallopian tubes in the human female reproductive 
system. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube. It also conveys fertilized egg to the 
uterus. 
(d) Seminal vesicle: The function of seminal vesicle is to store sperms and to secrete 
seminal fluid. 
(e) Uterus: The inner lining recieves, protects and nourishes embryo. Contractions of 
muscular wall expel baby during birth. 
Question 7. 
Given here is a section of the female reproductive system of human beings. 
 
(a) Name the parts labelled 1 to 4 
(b) Name the part where fertilisation occurs in human beings. 
Answer: 
(a) 
1. Ovary 
2. Fallopian tube (Oviduct) 
3. Uterus (Inner lining or Muscular wall) 
4. Vagina 
(b) Fertilisation occurs in the upper part of the oviduct. Sperm fuses withthe egg and 
zygote is formed this is called fertilisation. 
Question 8. 
Given alongside is a diagram of male reproductive system in humans. Label the parts 
indicated by numbers 1 to 5, and state their functions. 
 
Answer: 
1. Seminal vesicle: The seminal vesicles produce a secretion which serves as a 
medium for the transportation of the sperms. 
2. Prostate gland: Prostate gland which pours an alkaline secretion into the semen 
as it passes through the urethra. 
3. Testes: Sperms are produced in the testes. 
4. Urethra: Urethra passes through the penis and carries either urine or semen. 
5. Sperm duct: The sperm pass through the sperm ducts. 
Long Answer Questions: 
Question PQ. 
Define the term metamorphosis. Briefly describe the various stages occurring in the life-
cycle of a butterfly. 
Answer: 
Metamorphosis: A change in the form and often habits of an animal during normal 
development after embryonic stage complete transformation from an immature form to 
an adult form in two or more distinct stages. 
Life cycle of butterfly: The butterfly lays its eggs on the leaves of the plants. The new 
born that comes out of the egg is called larva. It passes through various stages of