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Separation of Mixtures Using Different Techniques (Chromatography) Video Lecture | Science Class 9
FAQs on Separation of Mixtures Using Different Techniques (Chromatography) Video Lecture - Science Class 9
| 1. What is chromatography and how does it work? |  |
Ans. Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into their individual components. It works based on the principle of differential migration, where the components of the mixture move at different rates through a stationary phase (such as a paper or a column) due to their varying affinities for the mobile phase (such as a solvent). As the components move through the stationary phase, they get separated based on their different interactions with the stationary and mobile phases.
| 2. What are the different types of chromatography techniques used for separation? | |
Ans. There are several types of chromatography techniques used for separation, including:
- Paper chromatography: In this technique, a piece of paper acts as the stationary phase, and a solvent acts as the mobile phase. The mixture is applied as a spot on the paper and as the solvent moves up, the components of the mixture get separated based on their affinity for the paper and the solvent.
- Thin-layer chromatography (TLC): Similar to paper chromatography, but a thin layer of adsorbent material (such as silica gel) is used as the stationary phase on a glass plate or a plastic sheet. The mixture is applied as a spot on the plate, and as the solvent moves up, the components get separated.
- Gas chromatography (GC): In this technique, a gaseous mobile phase is used to separate the components of a mixture based on their different affinities for the stationary phase (usually a column packed with a solid or a liquid).
- High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): It is a liquid chromatography technique that uses a high-pressure pump to force the mobile phase through a column, resulting in faster and more efficient separations compared to traditional liquid chromatography.
- Column chromatography: It involves the separation of components based on their differential interactions with a stationary phase packed in a column. The mobile phase is allowed to flow through the column, and the components get separated as they pass through the stationary phase.
| 3. What are the applications of chromatography in various fields? | |
Ans. Chromatography has a wide range of applications in various fields, including:
- Analytical chemistry: It is commonly used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical compounds in complex mixtures.
- Forensic science: Chromatography helps in the identification and analysis of substances found at crime scenes, such as drugs, poisons, and trace evidence.
- Environmental monitoring: It is used to analyze pollutants in air, water, and soil samples, helping to assess environmental quality and identify sources of contamination.
- Pharmaceutical industry: Chromatography plays a crucial role in drug development, quality control, and drug formulation.
- Food and beverage industry: It is used for quality control and analysis of food and beverage products, ensuring they meet safety and regulatory standards.
| 4. What factors can affect the separation efficiency in chromatography? | |
Ans. Several factors can affect the separation efficiency in chromatography, including:
- Choice of stationary phase: Different stationary phases have varying affinities for different components of the mixture. Selecting the appropriate stationary phase can enhance the separation efficiency.
- Choice of mobile phase: The mobile phase should be selected based on its ability to solvate the components of the mixture and elute them at different rates. The choice of solvent and its composition can significantly impact the separation efficiency.
- Temperature: The temperature can affect the interactions between the components and the stationary and mobile phases, altering the separation efficiency. Optimal temperature conditions should be determined for each chromatography technique.
- Flow rate: The rate at which the mobile phase flows through the stationary phase can affect the separation efficiency. Too fast or too slow flow rates can lead to poor separations.
- Sample loading: Overloading the sample can lead to poor separation, as the components may not be able to migrate effectively through the stationary phase.
| 5. Can chromatography be used to separate mixtures of colored substances? | |
Ans. Yes, chromatography can be used to separate mixtures of colored substances. In techniques like paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, the separation of colored substances is often visually observed as the components move up the stationary phase. The different colors may appear as distinct spots or bands, indicating the separation of the components. By comparing the Rf (retention factor) values or the distance traveled by each component with standard references, the identity of the components can be determined.
Text Transcript from Video
Chromatography
Chromatography is a separation technique used
to separate the different components in a
liquid mixture.
There are different types of chromatographic
techniques such as column chromatography,
TLC, paper chromatography, and gas chromatography.
Paper chromatography is one of the important
chromatographic methods.
Paper chromatography uses paper as the stationary
phase and a liquid solvent as the mobile phase.
In paper chromatography, a spot of the mixture
is put on the paper and the paper is carefully
dipped into a solvent.
The solvent rises up the paper due to capillary
action and the components of the mixture rise
up at different rates and thus get separated
from one another.
Materials Required:
Chromatographic chamber, Whatman filter paper
strip, capillary tubes, measuring cylinder,
thread, isopropyl alcohol, mixture of red
and blue inks, distilled water, glass rod,
scale and pencil
Procedure:
Take a Whatman filter paper strip and draw
a line with a pencil above 2cm from one end.
Put a pencil mark at the centre of the line.
Now take a capillary tube and dip it into
the beaker containing the mixture of red and
blue inks.
Using the capillary tube, put a drop of the
mixture of red and blue inks at the central
point of the line.
Allow it to dry in open air.
Again take the mixture of red and blue inks
using the capillary tube.
Put another drop on the same spot and dry
it again so that the spot is rich in mixture.
Now take a piece of thread and tie the filter
paper with it and suspend the filter paper
vertically in the chromatographic chamber
containing the solvent, which is a mixture
of 80% isopropyl alcohol and 20% water.
Make sure that pencil line remains about 1
cm above the solvent level.
Keep the chamber undisturbed for some time.
Notice the rise in solvent along with the
mixture of red and blue inks.
When the solvent has risen, you will notice
two different spots of blue and red colours
on the filter paper.
Take the filter paper out of the chamber and
mark the distance that the solvent has risen
on the paper with a pencil.
This is called the solvent front.
Dry the paper and put pencil marks in the
centre of the blue and red spots.
Measure the distance of the solvent front
from the original line and the distance of
the two spots from the original line.
Calculate the Rf values of the blue and red
inks by using the formula.
Rf =
Chromatography is a separation technique used
to separate the different components in a
liquid mixture.
There are different types of chromatographic
techniques such as column chromatography,
TLC, paper chromatography, and gas chromatography.
Paper chromatography is one of the important
chromatographic methods.
Paper chromatography uses paper as the stationary
phase and a liquid solvent as the mobile phase.
In paper chromatography, a spot of the mixture
is put on the paper and the paper is carefully
dipped into a solvent.
The solvent rises up the paper due to capillary
action and the components of the mixture rise
up at different rates and thus get separated
from one another.
Materials Required:
Chromatographic chamber, Whatman filter paper
strip, capillary tubes, measuring cylinder,
thread, isopropyl alcohol, mixture of red
and blue inks, distilled water, glass rod,
scale and pencil
Procedure:
Take a Whatman filter paper strip and draw
a line with a pencil above 2cm from one end.
Put a pencil mark at the centre of the line.
Now take a capillary tube and dip it into
the beaker containing the mixture of red and
blue inks.
Using the capillary tube, put a drop of the
mixture of red and blue inks at the central
point of the line.
Allow it to dry in open air.
Again take the mixture of red and blue inks
using the capillary tube.
Put another drop on the same spot and dry
it again so that the spot is rich in mixture.
Now take a piece of thread and tie the filter
paper with it and suspend the filter paper
vertically in the chromatographic chamber
containing the solvent, which is a mixture
of 80% isopropyl alcohol and 20% water.
Make sure that pencil line remains about 1
cm above the solvent level.
Keep the chamber undisturbed for some time.
Notice the rise in solvent along with the
mixture of red and blue inks.
When the solvent has risen, you will notice
two different spots of blue and red colours
on the filter paper.
Take the filter paper out of the chamber and
mark the distance that the solvent has risen
on the paper with a pencil.
This is called the solvent front.
Dry the paper and put pencil marks in the
centre of the blue and red spots.
Measure the distance of the solvent front
from the original line and the distance of
the two spots from the original line.
Calculate the Rf values of the blue and red
inks by using the formula.
Rf =
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Oct 09, 2025
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