Q1. Name the seven countries that share boundaries with India.
Ans: The seven countries that share land boundaries with India are:
Q2. Define the term delta. Give one example of delta.
Ans: A delta is a landform created at the mouth of a river, where it meets an ocean or sea. Deltas form from the deposition of sediment carried by the river as it flows out.
The term "delta" was coined by the ancient historian Herodotus for the Nile River delta, due to its resemblance to the Greek letter Delta (Δ). The world's largest delta is the Sundarbans delta, formed by the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal.
Q3. Name the major physical divisions of India.
Ans: India has four major physical divisions:
Q4. What are Coral Islands?
Ans: Coral Islands are formed from the skeletons of tiny marine animals called polyps. When these living polyps die, their skeletons remain, and new polyps grow on top. This process continues, causing the structure to rise and eventually form coral islands. An example of a coral island is the Lakshadweep Islands, located in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Kerala.
Q5. Name the three seas which surround the Indian peninsula.
Ans: The Indian peninsula is bordered by:
Q6. Why is Lakshadweep known as coral island?
Ans: Lakshadweep islands are situated in the Arabian Sea and are known as coral islands due to their unique formation process:
This continuous growth results in the formation of coral islands like Lakshadweep.
Q7. How has Suez Canal affected the trade and commerce of India in the world?
Ans: India is strategically connected to South West Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas through the Suez Canal and the Cape of Good Hope. The Suez Canal serves as an international trade highway, offering significant advantages to India by:
This connectivity plays a vital role in boosting India's global trade and commerce.
Q8. By what names do we know the second parallel range of Himalayas?
Ans: The second parallel range of the Himalayas is known as the Himachal Himalayas or the Middle Himalayas.
Q9. What is the significance of the great longitudinal extent of India?
Ans: The great longitudinal extent of India, approximately 29°, leads to significant differences in local time across the country. Key points include:
Q10. Why are northern plains very fertile?
Ans: The northern plains are highly fertile due to their formation from alluvial deposits. These deposits consist of fine soil brought by rivers, which creates rich agricultural land.
Q11. Name some of the union territories of India.
Ans: Some of the union territories of India are as follows:
Q12. Why is India said to be a country of vast expanse?
Ans: India is a country of vast geographical expanse, covering approximately 3.28 million sq. km. Its dimensions are:
The country features a variety of landforms, including:
This diversity leads to a wide range of climates, vegetation, and wildlife, as well as rich cultural and linguistic variety. India, with a population of over 1.2 billion, is the second most populous country after China.
Q13. Discuss the locational setting of India.
Ans: India is situated in the northern hemisphere, with the Tropic of Cancer (23°30'N) running almost through its centre. The country's geographical coordinates are:
This extensive longitudinal range of about 29° results in significant differences in local time across the country. India is bordered by:
With an area of approximately 3.28 million sq. km, India spans:
This vast land features diverse landscapes, including mountains, deserts, plains, plateaus, coasts, and islands, contributing to a rich variety of climate, vegetation, and wildlife.
Q14. Write short notes on Ganga-Brahmaputra delta.
Ans: The Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers create the world's largest delta, known as the Sundarbans delta. Key features include:
This delta forms where the rivers meet the Bay of Bengal.
Q15. Write a short note on Peninsular plateau
Ans: The Peninsular Plateau is located south of the northern plains and has a triangular shape. Key features include:
Q16. Name some of the states on the western coast of India.
Ans: The states on the western coast of India include:
Q17. Name some of the newly formed states of India.
Ans: Some of the newly formed states in India include:
Q18. Write the name of state in front of each capital:
Ans: 1. Itanagar - Arunachal Pradesh
2. Imphal - Manipur
3. Aizawl - Mizoram
4. Agartala - Tripura
Q19. How did people of Andaman survived the 2004 Tsunami?
Ans: The isolated tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands survived the tsunami on December 26, 2004, due to their deep understanding of the ocean's behaviour, developed over many years. Key survival actions included:
This knowledge and preparedness helped them navigate the disaster effectively.
Q20. Why does the Sun rise two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh than in Gujarat?
Ans: The Sun rises about two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh than in Gujarat due to the following reasons:
Thus, the Sun appears to rise earlier in the east compared to the west.
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