Short & Long Questions: Architecture as Power-Forts and Sacred Places | Window on the Word Class 7: Solutions, Notes & Worksheets PDF Download

Short Answer Questions

Q1: What purpose did rulers have in mind while constructing structures like palaces and temples?
Ans: Rulers wanted to showcase their power, wealth, and success to future generations.

Q2: Why did invading armies often target monuments?
Ans: Invading armies targeted monuments to erase symbols of the previous rulers and establish their own presence.

Q3: What are the two main categories of medieval Indian architecture?
Ans: The two main categories are religious monuments (like temples and mosques) and secular monuments (like forts and palaces).

Q4: Name two distinct regional styles of temple architecture.
Ans: The Nagara style (North India) and the Dravidian style (South India).

Q5: What is pietra dura and where can it be found in India?
Ans: Pietra dura is an inlay technique with precious stones. It can be found in the Taj Mahal.

Q6: What is the significance of the Jama Masjid in Delhi?
Ans: It is one of the largest mosques in India, built by Shah Jahan, and is made of red sandstone with white marble inlay.

Q7: Which style of temple architecture is primarily found in South India?
Ans: The Dravidian style.

Q8: Name one notable structure built during the medieval period in Bengal.
Ans: Adina Masjid.

Q9: What is the main purpose of a baoli?
Ans: A baoli is a stepwell used for storing water.

Q10: Name the capital city built by Akbar.
Ans: Fatehpur Sikri.

Long Answer Questions

Q1: Explain how rulers used architecture as symbols of power during medieval India.
Ans: Rulers used architecture to construct grand monuments, demonstrating their wealth and authority. These structures served as lasting symbols of their reign, ensuring they would be remembered by future generations. Additionally, they built public utility structures to gain the support of their subjects.

Q2: Describe the features that distinguish the Nagara and Dravida styles of temple architecture.
Ans: The Nagara style features tall, curvilinear spires (shikharas) with intricate carvings. The main temple structure is often surrounded by a pradakshina path, and the garbhagriha houses the main deity. In contrast, the Dravida style has a pyramidal tower called a vimana, and multiple smaller towers may be present. Dravida temples are primarily found in South India.

Q3: Discuss the elements of Indo-Islamic architecture and how it evolved in India.
Ans: Indo-Islamic architecture combined existing Indian elements with new features introduced by Muslim rulers. It included decorative brackets, arches, domes, minarets, and intricate carvings. The use of red sandstone, marble, and calligraphy were also distinctive. The Delhi Sultans introduced the true arch and dome, marking significant advancements in architecture.

Q4: Explain the architectural significance of the Taj Mahal.
Ans: The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum built by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is made of white marble and took over 20,000 workers 22 years to complete. The main tomb stands on a square base with an onion-shaped dome. It is surrounded by four smaller domed pavilions (chattris) and minarets. The walls are adorned with carvings and pietra dura inlay work, featuring calligraphy, geometric patterns, and floral motifs. The mausoleum is set in a Mughal garden with a reflecting pool.

Q5: Describe the architectural features of the Red Fort in Delhi.
Ans: The Red Fort, built by Shah Jahan, is constructed from red sandstone. It is octagonal in shape and houses various buildings like the Diwan-i-Khas, Diwan-i-Aam, Mumtaz Mahal, and a hammam. Most of these structures are made of marble and decorated with inlay work and carvings, characteristic of Mughal architecture.

Q6: Discuss the significance of Fatehpur Sikri and explain why it contains both Islamic and Hindu symbols in its architecture.
Ans: Fatehpur Sikri was the capital city built by Akbar. It is significant for its architectural grandeur and served as a symbol of Akbar's secular ideals. The presence of Islamic and Hindu symbols in its architecture reflects Akbar's efforts to create a harmonious blend of cultures and religions in his empire. This was a testament to his policy of religious tolerance and inclusivity.