Short & Long Questions: Rocks and Minerals | Eureka Plus Class 5: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets PDF Download

Short Answer Questions

Q1: What are the three main types of rocks?
Ans: Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

Q2: What is the extremely hot substance deep below the Earth's surface called?
Ans: Magma.

Q3: Give an example of an igneous rock formed during volcanic eruptions.
Ans: Pumice.

Q4: What happens when magma cools much below the surface of the Earth?
Ans: It forms igneous rocks like granite.

Q5: Name one use of limestone.
Ans: Making cement.

Q6: How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Ans: Rock fragments settle at the sea bottom and harden over time.

Q7: What process changes existing rocks into metamorphic rocks?
Ans: Heat and pressure deep within the Earth.

Q8: What are minerals made up of?
Ans: Crystals.

Q9: Give an example of a gemstone.
Ans: Diamond.

Q10: What does the Mohs' scale measure?
Ans: The hardness of minerals.

Long Answer Questions

Q1: Explain the formation of igneous rocks, mentioning the two locations where they can form.
Ans: Igneous rocks form when magma reaches the Earth's surface, turning into lava and cooling quickly. Pumice and basalt are examples formed during volcanic eruptions. Igneous rocks also form deep below the Earth's surface when magma settles, taking a long time to cool, and granite is an example.

Q2: Describe the process of how sedimentary rocks are formed.
Ans: Sedimentary rocks form when rocks break into tiny pieces due to wind, water, and weather. These fragments are transported to seas through rivers, where they settle at the sea bottom, forming layers of sediments. Over time, the weight of upper layers compresses and hardens the lower layers, creating sedimentary rocks like sandstone and limestone.

Q3: How are metamorphic rocks different from other types of rocks, and provide examples?
Ans: Metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks under the Earth's surface, undergoing slow changes due to heat and pressure. Quartz and marble are examples of metamorphic rocks. Unlike igneous and sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks do not form from lava or broken rock fragments.

Q4: Define what minerals are and give examples of minerals mentioned in the text.
Ans: Minerals are natural substances found in solid form with a definite crystal structure. Sea salt (on the surface) and diamond (below the surface) are examples of minerals.

Q5: Explain the concept of metal ores and how metals are obtained from the Earth.
Ans: Metals occur naturally in rocks called metal ores. Mining is the process of extracting ores from the Earth. Once extracted, ores are sent to factories where metals are separated from them.