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Class 12 Geography Short Questions with Answers - Human Development

Q1: Why is health the key area of human development?
Ans: 
Health is the key area of human development and healthy people are capable of using all the resources and create wealth out of them.

Q2: Which country has proclaimed ‘Gross National Happiness’ as the measure of a country’s progress?
Ans:
Bhutan is the only country in the world to officially proclaim the Gross National Happiness (GNH) as the measure of the country’s progress .

Q3: Which is the most significant aspect of human development?
Ans:
Leading a long and healthy life, being able to gain knowledge and having enough means to be able to live a decent life are the most important aspects of human development.

Q4: Who introduced the concept of human development?
Ans:
The concept of human development was introduced by Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq.

Dr. Mahbub-ul-HaqDr. Mahbub-ul-HaqQ5: Differentiate between growth and development.
Ans:
Growth is quantitative, whereas development is qualitative / Growth is value neutral, whereas development is value positive /  Growth may be positive or negative, whereas development will always be positive.

Q6: Name the two South-Asian economists , who have worked together on ‘Human Development Report’.
Ans:
Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq and Amartya Sen.

Q7: What are the three basic areas of human development?
Ans:
 The key areas are :
(i) Access to resources
(ii) Health
(iii) Education


Q8: Define the term “Empowerment”.
Ans:
Empowerment means to have the power to make choices and such power comes from increasing freedom and capability.

Q9: Why is it essential to have sustainability?
Ans:
Sustainability is essential to have sustainable human development for each generation  in respect of continuity and availability of opportunities.

Q10: Mention any two pillars of human development.
Ans:
In total there are 4 pillars of human development: Equity, Sustainability, Productivity and Empowerment.
Class 12 Geography Short Questions with Answers - Human DevelopmentQ11: Explain the basic needs approach and capability approach to human development.
Ans:
Basic Needs Approach :
Six basic needs i.e., health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing were identified. The question of human choices is ignored and the emphasis is on the provision of basic needs of defined sections.
Capability Approach : 
Building human capabilities in the areas of health, education and access to resources is the key to increasing human development.

Q12: Explain three characteristics of welfare approach of human development.
Ans: 
(i) Welfare approach considers human beings as beneficiaries or targets of all developmental activities.
(ii) The Government must spend more money on providing education and health facilities for all. These activities are the primary responsibilities of the government.  
(iii) People are not participants in development but only passive recipients.

Q13: Name the country having the lowest rank in Human Development Index in 2003.
Ans: 
Lowest rank in HDI in 2003 – Nigeria.  

Q14: How does HDI rank the countries?
Ans: 
The human development index (HDI) ranks the countries based on their performance in the key areas of health, education and access to resources.

Q.15: What is the indicator of access to knowledge?
Ans:
The adult literacy rate and the gross enrolment ratio represent access to knowledge. The number of adults who are able to read and write and the number of children enrolled in schools show how easy or difficult it is to access knowledge in a particular country.

Q16: How are countries with higher human development identified?
Ans: 
Countries with higher human development are those where a lot of investment in the social sector has taken place.

Q17: How is  human poverty index related to human development?
Ans:
The human poverty index is related to the human development index. This index measures the shortfall in human development.

Q18: What is the role of Human Development Index?
Ans:
The human development index measures attainments in human development. It reflects what has been achieved in the key areas of human development.

Q19: Name the indexes used by the UNDP to measure human development.
Ans: 
The Human Development index and the Human Poverty index are two important indices to measure human development used by the UNDP.

Q20: Which country has the highest human development index?
Ans:
Norway has the highest human development index.

Q21: Name four countries having high human development. Discuss three reasons for high human development index.
Ans: 
Four countries having high human development index are :
(i) Norway (ii) Australia (iii) Netherlands (iv) USA

Class 12 Geography Short Questions with Answers - Human DevelopmentQ22: Name any four countries having low human development index. Discuss three reasons for low human development index.
Ans: 
Four countries having low human development index are :
(i) Democratic Republic of Congo (ii) Nigeria (iii) Burundi (iv) Mozambique
Reasons for low HDI are : 
(i) Political turmoil (ii) Social instability (iii) Famine (iv) High incidence of diseases

The document Class 12 Geography Short Questions with Answers - Human Development is a part of the Humanities/Arts Course Geography Class 12.
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FAQs on Class 12 Geography Short Questions with Answers - Human Development

1. What is human development in the context of humanities/arts?
Ans. Human development in the context of humanities/arts refers to the process of individuals' growth and progress in terms of their creative and intellectual abilities, cultural understanding, and emotional development. It involves the exploration and cultivation of one's artistic and humanistic skills, fostering an appreciation for diverse cultures and perspectives, and nurturing personal and social well-being through artistic expression.
2. How does human development in humanities/arts contribute to personal growth?
Ans. Human development in humanities/arts contributes to personal growth by providing individuals with opportunities to explore their creativity, express their emotions, and develop critical thinking skills. Engaging in artistic activities promotes self-reflection, self-expression, and self-confidence. It also encourages empathy, cultural understanding, and the ability to communicate effectively. Overall, human development in humanities/arts nurtures personal growth by fostering a deeper sense of self-identity and an appreciation for the richness of human experiences.
3. What are the potential career paths for individuals with a background in human development in humanities/arts?
Ans. Individuals with a background in human development in humanities/arts can pursue various career paths. They may become visual artists, writers, musicians, actors, or dancers, using their creative skills to produce and present artistic works. They can also work in fields such as arts administration, museum curation, arts therapy, or arts education, utilizing their understanding of human development and cultural appreciation. Additionally, they may choose to pursue academic research or teaching positions in humanities/arts-related disciplines.
4. How does human development in humanities/arts contribute to society?
Ans. Human development in humanities/arts contributes to society in several ways. It fosters cultural diversity and understanding by promoting the exploration of different perspectives, traditions, and forms of artistic expression. It also plays a vital role in preserving and transmitting cultural heritage by documenting and interpreting human experiences through artistic and literary works. Furthermore, human development in humanities/arts contributes to societal well-being by providing platforms for dialogue, creativity, and critical thinking, which are essential for addressing social issues, fostering social cohesion, and promoting positive change.
5. How can individuals engage in human development in humanities/arts outside of formal educational settings?
Ans. Individuals can engage in human development in humanities/arts outside of formal educational settings by participating in community arts programs, joining local arts organizations or clubs, attending workshops or seminars, and seeking out mentorship opportunities. They can also explore online resources, such as virtual exhibitions, webinars, and online courses, to enhance their knowledge and skills. Additionally, individuals can engage in self-directed learning by reading books, practicing artistic techniques, attending performances, and immersing themselves in diverse cultural experiences.
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