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# Agricultural Engineering Notes | EduRev

## Soil Mechanics Notes- Agricultural Engineering

Created by: Mohan Singh

## Agricultural Engineering : Agricultural Engineering Notes | EduRev

The document Agricultural Engineering Notes | EduRev is a part of the Agricultural Engineering Course Soil Mechanics Notes- Agricultural Engineering.
All you need of Agricultural Engineering at this link: Agricultural Engineering

Stress calculation in Soil

The following example shows the stress calculation at different level within the soil.

Problem 1: Calculate total, effective stress and pore water pressure at different level of the soil as shown in Figure 5.2.

Fig. 5.2. (a) Soil profile (b) Stress diagrams

Solution:

The bulk unit weight of the partially saturated sand

${\gamma _{t(sand)}}={{{G_s} + Se} \over {1 + e}}{\gamma _w}={{2.6 + 0.5 \times 0.65} \over {1 + 0.65}} \times 10=17.72\;kN/{m^3}$

The unit weight of the water is taken as 10 kN/m3. The saturated unit weight of sand is

${\gamma _{sat(sand)}}={{{G_s} + e} \over {1 + e}}{\gamma _w}={{2.6 + 0.65} \over {1 + 0.65}} \times 10=19.7\;kN/{m^3}$

The saturated unit weight of the clay-I is.

${\gamma _{sat(clay - I)}}={{{G_s} + e} \over {1 + e}}{\gamma _w}={{{G_s} + {G_s}w} \over {1 + {G_s}w}}{\gamma _w}={{2.65 + 2.65 \times 0.55} \over {1 + 2.65 \times 0.55}} \times 10=16.71\;kN/{m^3}$

[Se = Gsw and for fully saturated soil S =1]

The saturated unit weight of the clay-II is

${\gamma _{sat(clay - II)}}={{{G_s} + e} \over {1 + e}}{\gamma _w}={{{G_s} + {G_s}w} \over {1 + {G_s}w}}{\gamma _w}={{2.7 + 2.7 \times 0.6} \over {1 + 2.7 \times 0.6}} \times 10=16.49\;kN/{m^3}$

At elevation -2.5 m

Total stress (σ) = 17.72 ´ 2.5 = 44.3 kN/m2

Pore water pressure (u) = 0

Effective stress () = 44.3 - 0 = 44.3 kN/m2

At elevation -6 m

Total stress (σ) = 17.72 ´ 2.5 + 19.7 ´ 3.5 = 113.25 kN/m2

Pore water pressure (u) = 10 ´ 3.5 = 35 kN/m2

Effective stress ( $\sigma '$ ) = 113.25 - 35 = 78.25 kN/m2

At elevation -10 m

Total stress (σ) = 17.72 ´ 2.5 + 19.7 ´ 3.5 + 16.71 ´ 4 = 180.1 kN/m2

Pore water pressure (u) = 10 ´ 7.5 = 75 kN/m2

Effective stress ( $\sigma '$ ) = 180.1 - 75 = 105.1 kN/m2

At elevation -14 m

Total stress (σ) = 17.72 ´ 2.5 + 19.7 ´ 3.5 + 16.71 ´ 4 + 16.49 ´ 4 = 246.1 kN/m2

Pore water pressure (u) = 10 ´ 11.5 = 115 kN/m2

Effective stress ( $\sigma '$ ) = 246.1 - 115 = 131.1 kN/m2

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