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Business Studies 
CLASS–XII (2023-24) 
 
Theory: 80 Marks        3 Hours 
Project: 20 Marks 
 
Units  Periods  Marks 
Part A  Principles and Functions of Management   
1. Nature and Significance of Management 12 16 
2 Principles of Management 14 
3 Business Environment 12 
4 Planning  14 14 
5 Organising 15 
6 Staffing 16 20 
7 Directing 15 
8 Controlling 12 
 Total 110     50 
Part B Business Finance and Marketing    
9 Financial Management 20 15 
10 Financial Markets 18 
11 Marketing Management 30 15 
12 Consumer Protection 12 
 Total 80 30 
    
Part C Project Work (One) 30 20 
 
Part A: Principles and Functions of Management      
 
Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management            
 
Concept  After going through this unit, the 
student/ learner would be able to:  
Management - concept, objectives, and 
importance  
? Understand the concept of 
management.  
? Explain the meaning of 
‘Effectiveness and Efficiency.  
? Discuss the objectives of 
management.  
? Describe the importance of 
management. 
Management as Science, Art and 
Profession 
? Examine the nature of 
management as a science, art and 
profession. 
Levels of Management ? Understand the role of top, middle 
and lower levels of management 
Management functions-planning, 
organizing, staffing, directing and 
controlling 
? Explain the functions of 
management 
 
Coordination- concept and importance ? Discuss the concept and 
Page 2


 
Business Studies 
CLASS–XII (2023-24) 
 
Theory: 80 Marks        3 Hours 
Project: 20 Marks 
 
Units  Periods  Marks 
Part A  Principles and Functions of Management   
1. Nature and Significance of Management 12 16 
2 Principles of Management 14 
3 Business Environment 12 
4 Planning  14 14 
5 Organising 15 
6 Staffing 16 20 
7 Directing 15 
8 Controlling 12 
 Total 110     50 
Part B Business Finance and Marketing    
9 Financial Management 20 15 
10 Financial Markets 18 
11 Marketing Management 30 15 
12 Consumer Protection 12 
 Total 80 30 
    
Part C Project Work (One) 30 20 
 
Part A: Principles and Functions of Management      
 
Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management            
 
Concept  After going through this unit, the 
student/ learner would be able to:  
Management - concept, objectives, and 
importance  
? Understand the concept of 
management.  
? Explain the meaning of 
‘Effectiveness and Efficiency.  
? Discuss the objectives of 
management.  
? Describe the importance of 
management. 
Management as Science, Art and 
Profession 
? Examine the nature of 
management as a science, art and 
profession. 
Levels of Management ? Understand the role of top, middle 
and lower levels of management 
Management functions-planning, 
organizing, staffing, directing and 
controlling 
? Explain the functions of 
management 
 
Coordination- concept and importance ? Discuss the concept and 
characteristics of coordination.  
? Explain the importance of 
coordination. 
 
Unit 2: Principles of Management             
 
Principles of Management - concept and 
significance 
? Understand the concept of 
principles of management.  
? Explain the significance of 
management principles. 
Fayol’s principles of management ? Discuss the principles of 
management developed by Fayol. 
Taylor’s Scientific management - principles 
and techniques 
? Explain the principles and 
techniques of ‘Scientific 
Management’.  
? Compare the contributions of Fayol 
and Taylor. 
 
Unit 3: Business Environment              
 
Business Environment- concept and 
importance 
? Understand the concept of 
‘Business Environment’.  
? Describe the importance of 
business environment 
Dimensions of Business Environment - 
Economic, Social, Technological, Political 
and Legal 
 
Demonetization - concept and features 
? Describe the various dimensions of 
‘Business Environment’. 
? Understand the concept of 
demonetization 
 
Unit 4: Planning                 
 
Planning: Concept, importance and 
limitation 
? Understand the concept of 
planning.  
? Describe the importance of 
planning.  
? Understand the limitations of 
planning. 
Planning process ? Describe the steps in the process 
of planning. 
Single use and Standing Plans. Objectives, 
Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, 
Budget and Programme 
? Develop an understanding of single 
use and standing plans  
? Describe objectives, policies, 
strategy, procedure, method, rule, 
budget and programme as types of 
plans. 
 
Unit 5: Organising                
 
Organising: Concept and importance ? Understand the concept of 
organizing as a structure and as a 
Page 3


 
Business Studies 
CLASS–XII (2023-24) 
 
Theory: 80 Marks        3 Hours 
Project: 20 Marks 
 
Units  Periods  Marks 
Part A  Principles and Functions of Management   
1. Nature and Significance of Management 12 16 
2 Principles of Management 14 
3 Business Environment 12 
4 Planning  14 14 
5 Organising 15 
6 Staffing 16 20 
7 Directing 15 
8 Controlling 12 
 Total 110     50 
Part B Business Finance and Marketing    
9 Financial Management 20 15 
10 Financial Markets 18 
11 Marketing Management 30 15 
12 Consumer Protection 12 
 Total 80 30 
    
Part C Project Work (One) 30 20 
 
Part A: Principles and Functions of Management      
 
Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management            
 
Concept  After going through this unit, the 
student/ learner would be able to:  
Management - concept, objectives, and 
importance  
? Understand the concept of 
management.  
? Explain the meaning of 
‘Effectiveness and Efficiency.  
? Discuss the objectives of 
management.  
? Describe the importance of 
management. 
Management as Science, Art and 
Profession 
? Examine the nature of 
management as a science, art and 
profession. 
Levels of Management ? Understand the role of top, middle 
and lower levels of management 
Management functions-planning, 
organizing, staffing, directing and 
controlling 
? Explain the functions of 
management 
 
Coordination- concept and importance ? Discuss the concept and 
characteristics of coordination.  
? Explain the importance of 
coordination. 
 
Unit 2: Principles of Management             
 
Principles of Management - concept and 
significance 
? Understand the concept of 
principles of management.  
? Explain the significance of 
management principles. 
Fayol’s principles of management ? Discuss the principles of 
management developed by Fayol. 
Taylor’s Scientific management - principles 
and techniques 
? Explain the principles and 
techniques of ‘Scientific 
Management’.  
? Compare the contributions of Fayol 
and Taylor. 
 
Unit 3: Business Environment              
 
Business Environment- concept and 
importance 
? Understand the concept of 
‘Business Environment’.  
? Describe the importance of 
business environment 
Dimensions of Business Environment - 
Economic, Social, Technological, Political 
and Legal 
 
Demonetization - concept and features 
? Describe the various dimensions of 
‘Business Environment’. 
? Understand the concept of 
demonetization 
 
Unit 4: Planning                 
 
Planning: Concept, importance and 
limitation 
? Understand the concept of 
planning.  
? Describe the importance of 
planning.  
? Understand the limitations of 
planning. 
Planning process ? Describe the steps in the process 
of planning. 
Single use and Standing Plans. Objectives, 
Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, 
Budget and Programme 
? Develop an understanding of single 
use and standing plans  
? Describe objectives, policies, 
strategy, procedure, method, rule, 
budget and programme as types of 
plans. 
 
Unit 5: Organising                
 
Organising: Concept and importance ? Understand the concept of 
organizing as a structure and as a 
process.  
? Explain the importance of 
organising. 
Organising Process ? Describe the steps in the process 
of organizing 
Structure of organisation- functional and 
divisional concept.  
Formal and informal organization - concept 
? Describe functional and divisional 
structures of organisation.  
? Explain the advantages, 
disadvantages and suitability of 
functional and divisional structure.  
? Understand the concept of formal 
and informal organisation.  
? Discuss the advantages, 
disadvantages of formal and 
informal organisation. 
Delegation: concept, elements and 
importance 
? Understand the concept of 
delegation.  
? Describe the elements of 
delegation.  
? Appreciate the importance of 
Delegation. 
Decentralization: concept and importance ? Understand the concept of 
decentralisation.  
? Explain the importance of 
decentralisation.  
? Differentiate between delegation 
and decentralisation. 
 
Unit 6: Staffing          
 
Staffing: Concept and importance of 
staffing 
? Understand the concept of staffing.  
? Explain the importance of staffing 
Staffing as a part of Human Resource 
Management concept 
? Understand the specialized duties 
and activities performed by Human 
Resource Management 
Staffing process ? Describe the steps in the process 
of staffing 
Recruitment process ? Understand the meaning of 
recruitment.  
? Discuss the sources of recruitment.  
? Explain the merits and demerits of 
internal and external sources of 
recruitment. 
Selection – process ? Understand the meaning of 
selection.  
? Describe the steps involved in the 
process of selection. 
Training and Development - Concept and 
importance, Methods of training - on the 
? Understand the concept of training 
and development.  
Page 4


 
Business Studies 
CLASS–XII (2023-24) 
 
Theory: 80 Marks        3 Hours 
Project: 20 Marks 
 
Units  Periods  Marks 
Part A  Principles and Functions of Management   
1. Nature and Significance of Management 12 16 
2 Principles of Management 14 
3 Business Environment 12 
4 Planning  14 14 
5 Organising 15 
6 Staffing 16 20 
7 Directing 15 
8 Controlling 12 
 Total 110     50 
Part B Business Finance and Marketing    
9 Financial Management 20 15 
10 Financial Markets 18 
11 Marketing Management 30 15 
12 Consumer Protection 12 
 Total 80 30 
    
Part C Project Work (One) 30 20 
 
Part A: Principles and Functions of Management      
 
Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management            
 
Concept  After going through this unit, the 
student/ learner would be able to:  
Management - concept, objectives, and 
importance  
? Understand the concept of 
management.  
? Explain the meaning of 
‘Effectiveness and Efficiency.  
? Discuss the objectives of 
management.  
? Describe the importance of 
management. 
Management as Science, Art and 
Profession 
? Examine the nature of 
management as a science, art and 
profession. 
Levels of Management ? Understand the role of top, middle 
and lower levels of management 
Management functions-planning, 
organizing, staffing, directing and 
controlling 
? Explain the functions of 
management 
 
Coordination- concept and importance ? Discuss the concept and 
characteristics of coordination.  
? Explain the importance of 
coordination. 
 
Unit 2: Principles of Management             
 
Principles of Management - concept and 
significance 
? Understand the concept of 
principles of management.  
? Explain the significance of 
management principles. 
Fayol’s principles of management ? Discuss the principles of 
management developed by Fayol. 
Taylor’s Scientific management - principles 
and techniques 
? Explain the principles and 
techniques of ‘Scientific 
Management’.  
? Compare the contributions of Fayol 
and Taylor. 
 
Unit 3: Business Environment              
 
Business Environment- concept and 
importance 
? Understand the concept of 
‘Business Environment’.  
? Describe the importance of 
business environment 
Dimensions of Business Environment - 
Economic, Social, Technological, Political 
and Legal 
 
Demonetization - concept and features 
? Describe the various dimensions of 
‘Business Environment’. 
? Understand the concept of 
demonetization 
 
Unit 4: Planning                 
 
Planning: Concept, importance and 
limitation 
? Understand the concept of 
planning.  
? Describe the importance of 
planning.  
? Understand the limitations of 
planning. 
Planning process ? Describe the steps in the process 
of planning. 
Single use and Standing Plans. Objectives, 
Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, 
Budget and Programme 
? Develop an understanding of single 
use and standing plans  
? Describe objectives, policies, 
strategy, procedure, method, rule, 
budget and programme as types of 
plans. 
 
Unit 5: Organising                
 
Organising: Concept and importance ? Understand the concept of 
organizing as a structure and as a 
process.  
? Explain the importance of 
organising. 
Organising Process ? Describe the steps in the process 
of organizing 
Structure of organisation- functional and 
divisional concept.  
Formal and informal organization - concept 
? Describe functional and divisional 
structures of organisation.  
? Explain the advantages, 
disadvantages and suitability of 
functional and divisional structure.  
? Understand the concept of formal 
and informal organisation.  
? Discuss the advantages, 
disadvantages of formal and 
informal organisation. 
Delegation: concept, elements and 
importance 
? Understand the concept of 
delegation.  
? Describe the elements of 
delegation.  
? Appreciate the importance of 
Delegation. 
Decentralization: concept and importance ? Understand the concept of 
decentralisation.  
? Explain the importance of 
decentralisation.  
? Differentiate between delegation 
and decentralisation. 
 
Unit 6: Staffing          
 
Staffing: Concept and importance of 
staffing 
? Understand the concept of staffing.  
? Explain the importance of staffing 
Staffing as a part of Human Resource 
Management concept 
? Understand the specialized duties 
and activities performed by Human 
Resource Management 
Staffing process ? Describe the steps in the process 
of staffing 
Recruitment process ? Understand the meaning of 
recruitment.  
? Discuss the sources of recruitment.  
? Explain the merits and demerits of 
internal and external sources of 
recruitment. 
Selection – process ? Understand the meaning of 
selection.  
? Describe the steps involved in the 
process of selection. 
Training and Development - Concept and 
importance, Methods of training - on the 
? Understand the concept of training 
and development.  
job and off the job - vestibule training, 
apprenticeship training and internship 
training 
? Appreciate the importance of 
training to the organisation and to 
the employees.  
? Discuss the meaning of induction 
training, vestibule training, 
apprenticeship training and 
internship training.  
? Differentiate between training and 
development. 
? Discuss on the job and off the job 
methods of training. 
 
Unit 7: Directing                   
 
Directing: Concept and importance ? Describe the concept of directing.  
? Discuss the importance of directing 
Elements of Directing ? Describe the various elements of 
directing 
Motivation - concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of 
needs, Financial and non-financial 
incentives 
? Understand the concept of 
motivation.  
? Develop an understanding of 
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs.  
? Discuss the various financial and 
non-financial incentives. 
Leadership - concept, styles - authoritative, 
democratic and laissez faire 
? Understand the concept of 
leadership.  
? Understand the various styles of 
leadership. 
Communication - concept, formal and 
informal communication; barriers to 
effective communication, how to overcome 
the barriers? 
? Understand the concept of 
communication  
? Understand the elements of the 
communication process. 
? Discuss the concept of formal and 
informal communication.  
? Discuss the various barriers to 
effective communication.  
? Suggest measures to overcome 
barriers to communication. 
 
Unit 8: Controlling              
 
Controlling - Concept and importance ? Understand the concept of 
controlling.  
? Explain the importance of 
controlling. 
Relationship between planning and 
controlling 
? Describe the relationship between 
planning and controlling 
Steps in process of control ? Discuss the steps in the process of 
controlling. 
Page 5


 
Business Studies 
CLASS–XII (2023-24) 
 
Theory: 80 Marks        3 Hours 
Project: 20 Marks 
 
Units  Periods  Marks 
Part A  Principles and Functions of Management   
1. Nature and Significance of Management 12 16 
2 Principles of Management 14 
3 Business Environment 12 
4 Planning  14 14 
5 Organising 15 
6 Staffing 16 20 
7 Directing 15 
8 Controlling 12 
 Total 110     50 
Part B Business Finance and Marketing    
9 Financial Management 20 15 
10 Financial Markets 18 
11 Marketing Management 30 15 
12 Consumer Protection 12 
 Total 80 30 
    
Part C Project Work (One) 30 20 
 
Part A: Principles and Functions of Management      
 
Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management            
 
Concept  After going through this unit, the 
student/ learner would be able to:  
Management - concept, objectives, and 
importance  
? Understand the concept of 
management.  
? Explain the meaning of 
‘Effectiveness and Efficiency.  
? Discuss the objectives of 
management.  
? Describe the importance of 
management. 
Management as Science, Art and 
Profession 
? Examine the nature of 
management as a science, art and 
profession. 
Levels of Management ? Understand the role of top, middle 
and lower levels of management 
Management functions-planning, 
organizing, staffing, directing and 
controlling 
? Explain the functions of 
management 
 
Coordination- concept and importance ? Discuss the concept and 
characteristics of coordination.  
? Explain the importance of 
coordination. 
 
Unit 2: Principles of Management             
 
Principles of Management - concept and 
significance 
? Understand the concept of 
principles of management.  
? Explain the significance of 
management principles. 
Fayol’s principles of management ? Discuss the principles of 
management developed by Fayol. 
Taylor’s Scientific management - principles 
and techniques 
? Explain the principles and 
techniques of ‘Scientific 
Management’.  
? Compare the contributions of Fayol 
and Taylor. 
 
Unit 3: Business Environment              
 
Business Environment- concept and 
importance 
? Understand the concept of 
‘Business Environment’.  
? Describe the importance of 
business environment 
Dimensions of Business Environment - 
Economic, Social, Technological, Political 
and Legal 
 
Demonetization - concept and features 
? Describe the various dimensions of 
‘Business Environment’. 
? Understand the concept of 
demonetization 
 
Unit 4: Planning                 
 
Planning: Concept, importance and 
limitation 
? Understand the concept of 
planning.  
? Describe the importance of 
planning.  
? Understand the limitations of 
planning. 
Planning process ? Describe the steps in the process 
of planning. 
Single use and Standing Plans. Objectives, 
Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, 
Budget and Programme 
? Develop an understanding of single 
use and standing plans  
? Describe objectives, policies, 
strategy, procedure, method, rule, 
budget and programme as types of 
plans. 
 
Unit 5: Organising                
 
Organising: Concept and importance ? Understand the concept of 
organizing as a structure and as a 
process.  
? Explain the importance of 
organising. 
Organising Process ? Describe the steps in the process 
of organizing 
Structure of organisation- functional and 
divisional concept.  
Formal and informal organization - concept 
? Describe functional and divisional 
structures of organisation.  
? Explain the advantages, 
disadvantages and suitability of 
functional and divisional structure.  
? Understand the concept of formal 
and informal organisation.  
? Discuss the advantages, 
disadvantages of formal and 
informal organisation. 
Delegation: concept, elements and 
importance 
? Understand the concept of 
delegation.  
? Describe the elements of 
delegation.  
? Appreciate the importance of 
Delegation. 
Decentralization: concept and importance ? Understand the concept of 
decentralisation.  
? Explain the importance of 
decentralisation.  
? Differentiate between delegation 
and decentralisation. 
 
Unit 6: Staffing          
 
Staffing: Concept and importance of 
staffing 
? Understand the concept of staffing.  
? Explain the importance of staffing 
Staffing as a part of Human Resource 
Management concept 
? Understand the specialized duties 
and activities performed by Human 
Resource Management 
Staffing process ? Describe the steps in the process 
of staffing 
Recruitment process ? Understand the meaning of 
recruitment.  
? Discuss the sources of recruitment.  
? Explain the merits and demerits of 
internal and external sources of 
recruitment. 
Selection – process ? Understand the meaning of 
selection.  
? Describe the steps involved in the 
process of selection. 
Training and Development - Concept and 
importance, Methods of training - on the 
? Understand the concept of training 
and development.  
job and off the job - vestibule training, 
apprenticeship training and internship 
training 
? Appreciate the importance of 
training to the organisation and to 
the employees.  
? Discuss the meaning of induction 
training, vestibule training, 
apprenticeship training and 
internship training.  
? Differentiate between training and 
development. 
? Discuss on the job and off the job 
methods of training. 
 
Unit 7: Directing                   
 
Directing: Concept and importance ? Describe the concept of directing.  
? Discuss the importance of directing 
Elements of Directing ? Describe the various elements of 
directing 
Motivation - concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of 
needs, Financial and non-financial 
incentives 
? Understand the concept of 
motivation.  
? Develop an understanding of 
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs.  
? Discuss the various financial and 
non-financial incentives. 
Leadership - concept, styles - authoritative, 
democratic and laissez faire 
? Understand the concept of 
leadership.  
? Understand the various styles of 
leadership. 
Communication - concept, formal and 
informal communication; barriers to 
effective communication, how to overcome 
the barriers? 
? Understand the concept of 
communication  
? Understand the elements of the 
communication process. 
? Discuss the concept of formal and 
informal communication.  
? Discuss the various barriers to 
effective communication.  
? Suggest measures to overcome 
barriers to communication. 
 
Unit 8: Controlling              
 
Controlling - Concept and importance ? Understand the concept of 
controlling.  
? Explain the importance of 
controlling. 
Relationship between planning and 
controlling 
? Describe the relationship between 
planning and controlling 
Steps in process of control ? Discuss the steps in the process of 
controlling. 
 
Part B: Business Finance and Marketing           
 
Unit 9: Financial Management              
 
Financial Management: Concept, role and 
objectives  
? Understand the concept of financial 
management.  
? Explain the role of financial 
management in an organisation.  
? Discuss the objectives of financial 
management 
Financial decisions: investment, financing 
and dividend - Meaning and factors 
affecting 
? Discuss the three financial 
decisions and the factors affecting 
them. 
Financial Planning - concept and 
importance  
? Describe the concept of financial 
planning and its objectives.  
? Explain the importance of financial 
planning. 
Capital Structure – concept and factors 
affecting capital structure   
? Understand the concept of capital 
structure.  
? Describe the factors determining 
the choice of an appropriate capital 
structure of a company. 
Fixed and Working Capital - Concept and 
factors affecting their requirements 
? Understand the concept of fixed 
and working capital.  
? Describe the factors determining 
the requirements of fixed and 
working capital. 
 
Unit 10: Financial Markets               
 
Financial Markets: Concept ? Understand the concept of financial 
market.  
Money Market: Concept ? Understand the concept of money 
market.  
Capital market and its types (primary and 
secondary) 
? Discuss the concept of capital 
market.  
? Explain primary and secondary 
markets as types of capital market.  
? Differentiate between capital 
market and money market. 
? Distinguish between primary and 
secondary markets. 
Stock Exchange - Functions and trading 
procedure 
? Give the meaning of a stock 
exchange.  
? Explain the functions of a stock 
exchange.  
? Discuss the trading procedure in a 
stock exchange.  
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