Syllabus: Legal Studies for Class 12 | Legal Studies for Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

 Page 1


 
 
 
Class XII (2023 –2024) 
 (BASED ON REVISED BOOK WITH NEW CHAPTERS)  
(Textbook Revised in the Academic Year 2023-2024) 
 
S.No. Units Periods Marks 
Unit 1 Judiciary 25 08 
Unit 2 Alternative Dispute Resolution in India 
(ADR) 
20 08 
Unit3 Topics in Law- I (Business Laws) 
Chapter 3 (A) - Law of Contract 
Chapter 3 (B) - Law of Torts 
Chapter 3 (C) - Law of Property 
Chapter 3 (D) - Intellectual Property Law  
35 20 
Unit 4 Topics in Law- II (General Laws) 
Chapter 4 (A) -Law and Sustainable 
Development 
Chapter 4 (B)- Forms of Legal Entities 
Chapter 4 (C) - Criminal Laws in India 
35 10 
unit 5 Concept of Human Rights 
Chapter 5 (A)-Human Rights in India 
Chapter 5 (B)-Human Rights Violations-
Complaint Mechanism 
(Quasi-Judicial Bodies) 
30 10 
Unit 6 International Law 20 08 
Unit 7 Legal Profession in India 20 08 
Unit 8  Legal Services  15 08 
 Project 20 20 
  Total 220 100 
 
Theory- 80 marks (One Paper) 
Internal Assessment- Project Based Assessment- 20 marks 
 
 
Page 2


 
 
 
Class XII (2023 –2024) 
 (BASED ON REVISED BOOK WITH NEW CHAPTERS)  
(Textbook Revised in the Academic Year 2023-2024) 
 
S.No. Units Periods Marks 
Unit 1 Judiciary 25 08 
Unit 2 Alternative Dispute Resolution in India 
(ADR) 
20 08 
Unit3 Topics in Law- I (Business Laws) 
Chapter 3 (A) - Law of Contract 
Chapter 3 (B) - Law of Torts 
Chapter 3 (C) - Law of Property 
Chapter 3 (D) - Intellectual Property Law  
35 20 
Unit 4 Topics in Law- II (General Laws) 
Chapter 4 (A) -Law and Sustainable 
Development 
Chapter 4 (B)- Forms of Legal Entities 
Chapter 4 (C) - Criminal Laws in India 
35 10 
unit 5 Concept of Human Rights 
Chapter 5 (A)-Human Rights in India 
Chapter 5 (B)-Human Rights Violations-
Complaint Mechanism 
(Quasi-Judicial Bodies) 
30 10 
Unit 6 International Law 20 08 
Unit 7 Legal Profession in India 20 08 
Unit 8  Legal Services  15 08 
 Project 20 20 
  Total 220 100 
 
Theory- 80 marks (One Paper) 
Internal Assessment- Project Based Assessment- 20 marks 
 
 
 
Contents-   
S.No. Unit Topics 
Unit 1 Judiciary a) Structure, Hierarchy of Courts, and Legal Officers 
in India  
b) Constitution, Roles and Impartiality 
c) Appointments, retirement and removal of Judges 
d) Tribunals 
e) Courts and Judicial Review 
Unit 2 Alternative 
Dispute Resolution 
in India (ADR) 
a) Adversarial and Inquisitorial Systems 
b) Meaning and scope of ADR 
c) Arbitration 
d) Mediation 
e) Conciliation 
f) Lok Adalat 
g) Ombudsman 
h) Lokpal and Lokayukta 
Unit 3 Topics in Law I (Business Laws) 
Chapter 
3A 
Law of Contract a) Introduction to Contracts 
b) Formation of Contract 
c) Intention to Contract 
d) Consideration 
e) Capacity to Contract 
f) Consent 
g) Types of Contracts 
h) Discharge of Contract 
i) Remedies in case of breach 
Chapter 3 
B 
Law of Torts a) Concept of law of Torts 
b) Sources of Law of Torts 
c) Intentional Tort 
d) Defamation 
e) Negligence 
f) Strict Liability 
g) Absolute Liability 
Chapter 3 
C 
Law of Property a) Types of Property 
b) Who can transfer property 
c) Essential of a valid transfer 
d) Types of Transfer- Sale, Lease, Exchange, Gift 
Chapter 3 
D 
Intellectual Property 
Law 
a) Meaning of Intellectual Property 
b) International Obligations that have shaped Indian 
IPR 
c) WIPO 
d) Copyright 
e) Patent 
Page 3


 
 
 
Class XII (2023 –2024) 
 (BASED ON REVISED BOOK WITH NEW CHAPTERS)  
(Textbook Revised in the Academic Year 2023-2024) 
 
S.No. Units Periods Marks 
Unit 1 Judiciary 25 08 
Unit 2 Alternative Dispute Resolution in India 
(ADR) 
20 08 
Unit3 Topics in Law- I (Business Laws) 
Chapter 3 (A) - Law of Contract 
Chapter 3 (B) - Law of Torts 
Chapter 3 (C) - Law of Property 
Chapter 3 (D) - Intellectual Property Law  
35 20 
Unit 4 Topics in Law- II (General Laws) 
Chapter 4 (A) -Law and Sustainable 
Development 
Chapter 4 (B)- Forms of Legal Entities 
Chapter 4 (C) - Criminal Laws in India 
35 10 
unit 5 Concept of Human Rights 
Chapter 5 (A)-Human Rights in India 
Chapter 5 (B)-Human Rights Violations-
Complaint Mechanism 
(Quasi-Judicial Bodies) 
30 10 
Unit 6 International Law 20 08 
Unit 7 Legal Profession in India 20 08 
Unit 8  Legal Services  15 08 
 Project 20 20 
  Total 220 100 
 
Theory- 80 marks (One Paper) 
Internal Assessment- Project Based Assessment- 20 marks 
 
 
 
Contents-   
S.No. Unit Topics 
Unit 1 Judiciary a) Structure, Hierarchy of Courts, and Legal Officers 
in India  
b) Constitution, Roles and Impartiality 
c) Appointments, retirement and removal of Judges 
d) Tribunals 
e) Courts and Judicial Review 
Unit 2 Alternative 
Dispute Resolution 
in India (ADR) 
a) Adversarial and Inquisitorial Systems 
b) Meaning and scope of ADR 
c) Arbitration 
d) Mediation 
e) Conciliation 
f) Lok Adalat 
g) Ombudsman 
h) Lokpal and Lokayukta 
Unit 3 Topics in Law I (Business Laws) 
Chapter 
3A 
Law of Contract a) Introduction to Contracts 
b) Formation of Contract 
c) Intention to Contract 
d) Consideration 
e) Capacity to Contract 
f) Consent 
g) Types of Contracts 
h) Discharge of Contract 
i) Remedies in case of breach 
Chapter 3 
B 
Law of Torts a) Concept of law of Torts 
b) Sources of Law of Torts 
c) Intentional Tort 
d) Defamation 
e) Negligence 
f) Strict Liability 
g) Absolute Liability 
Chapter 3 
C 
Law of Property a) Types of Property 
b) Who can transfer property 
c) Essential of a valid transfer 
d) Types of Transfer- Sale, Lease, Exchange, Gift 
Chapter 3 
D 
Intellectual Property 
Law 
a) Meaning of Intellectual Property 
b) International Obligations that have shaped Indian 
IPR 
c) WIPO 
d) Copyright 
e) Patent 
 
f) Trademark 
g) Geographical Indication 
h) Design 
Unit 4 Topics in Law II (General Laws) 
Chapter 4 
A 
Law and 
Sustainable 
Development 
a) Introduction 
b) Initiatives under International Scenario 
c) Provisions under Indian Constitution 
d) Environment Protection Act, 1986 
e) Pollution Control Boards 
Chapter 4 
B 
Forms of Legal 
Entities 
Types of Legal Entities in India 
a)  Sole Proprietorship 
b) Partnership 
c)  Limited Liability Partnership 
d)  Private Limited company 
e)  Public Limited Company 
f)  One Person Company 
Chapter 4 
C 
Criminal Laws in 
India 
a) Objectives of Criminal law 
b) Legislations for Criminal laws in India 
c) Distinction between Intention and Motive 
d) Stages of crime 
e) The Indian Evidence Act 
f) Admission and Confession 
Unit 5 Concept of Human Rights 
Chapter 5 
A 
Human Rights in 
India 
a) Introduction 
1. Historical Context 
b) Indian Constitutional framework on Human Rights 
and related Laws in India 
1. The Preamble 
2. Fundamental Rights-Part III of the Constitution 
3. Directive Principles-Part IV- Articles 36-51 
4. Fundamental Duties- Part IV(A)- Article 51 A 
Chapter 5 
B 
Human Rights 
Violations- 
Complaint 
Mechanism (Quasi- 
Judicial bodies) 
a) What are Quasi- Judicial Bodies? 
b) Various Human Rights Commissions 
1. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) 
2. National Commission for Minorities 
3. National Commission for Women (NCW) 
a) National Commission for Scheduled Castes and 
Scheduled Tribes 
b) National Commission for Protection of Child’s 
Rights (NCPCR) 
Unit 6 International Law a) Introduction 
b) Historical Evolution of International Law 
c) What is International Law? 
Page 4


 
 
 
Class XII (2023 –2024) 
 (BASED ON REVISED BOOK WITH NEW CHAPTERS)  
(Textbook Revised in the Academic Year 2023-2024) 
 
S.No. Units Periods Marks 
Unit 1 Judiciary 25 08 
Unit 2 Alternative Dispute Resolution in India 
(ADR) 
20 08 
Unit3 Topics in Law- I (Business Laws) 
Chapter 3 (A) - Law of Contract 
Chapter 3 (B) - Law of Torts 
Chapter 3 (C) - Law of Property 
Chapter 3 (D) - Intellectual Property Law  
35 20 
Unit 4 Topics in Law- II (General Laws) 
Chapter 4 (A) -Law and Sustainable 
Development 
Chapter 4 (B)- Forms of Legal Entities 
Chapter 4 (C) - Criminal Laws in India 
35 10 
unit 5 Concept of Human Rights 
Chapter 5 (A)-Human Rights in India 
Chapter 5 (B)-Human Rights Violations-
Complaint Mechanism 
(Quasi-Judicial Bodies) 
30 10 
Unit 6 International Law 20 08 
Unit 7 Legal Profession in India 20 08 
Unit 8  Legal Services  15 08 
 Project 20 20 
  Total 220 100 
 
Theory- 80 marks (One Paper) 
Internal Assessment- Project Based Assessment- 20 marks 
 
 
 
Contents-   
S.No. Unit Topics 
Unit 1 Judiciary a) Structure, Hierarchy of Courts, and Legal Officers 
in India  
b) Constitution, Roles and Impartiality 
c) Appointments, retirement and removal of Judges 
d) Tribunals 
e) Courts and Judicial Review 
Unit 2 Alternative 
Dispute Resolution 
in India (ADR) 
a) Adversarial and Inquisitorial Systems 
b) Meaning and scope of ADR 
c) Arbitration 
d) Mediation 
e) Conciliation 
f) Lok Adalat 
g) Ombudsman 
h) Lokpal and Lokayukta 
Unit 3 Topics in Law I (Business Laws) 
Chapter 
3A 
Law of Contract a) Introduction to Contracts 
b) Formation of Contract 
c) Intention to Contract 
d) Consideration 
e) Capacity to Contract 
f) Consent 
g) Types of Contracts 
h) Discharge of Contract 
i) Remedies in case of breach 
Chapter 3 
B 
Law of Torts a) Concept of law of Torts 
b) Sources of Law of Torts 
c) Intentional Tort 
d) Defamation 
e) Negligence 
f) Strict Liability 
g) Absolute Liability 
Chapter 3 
C 
Law of Property a) Types of Property 
b) Who can transfer property 
c) Essential of a valid transfer 
d) Types of Transfer- Sale, Lease, Exchange, Gift 
Chapter 3 
D 
Intellectual Property 
Law 
a) Meaning of Intellectual Property 
b) International Obligations that have shaped Indian 
IPR 
c) WIPO 
d) Copyright 
e) Patent 
 
f) Trademark 
g) Geographical Indication 
h) Design 
Unit 4 Topics in Law II (General Laws) 
Chapter 4 
A 
Law and 
Sustainable 
Development 
a) Introduction 
b) Initiatives under International Scenario 
c) Provisions under Indian Constitution 
d) Environment Protection Act, 1986 
e) Pollution Control Boards 
Chapter 4 
B 
Forms of Legal 
Entities 
Types of Legal Entities in India 
a)  Sole Proprietorship 
b) Partnership 
c)  Limited Liability Partnership 
d)  Private Limited company 
e)  Public Limited Company 
f)  One Person Company 
Chapter 4 
C 
Criminal Laws in 
India 
a) Objectives of Criminal law 
b) Legislations for Criminal laws in India 
c) Distinction between Intention and Motive 
d) Stages of crime 
e) The Indian Evidence Act 
f) Admission and Confession 
Unit 5 Concept of Human Rights 
Chapter 5 
A 
Human Rights in 
India 
a) Introduction 
1. Historical Context 
b) Indian Constitutional framework on Human Rights 
and related Laws in India 
1. The Preamble 
2. Fundamental Rights-Part III of the Constitution 
3. Directive Principles-Part IV- Articles 36-51 
4. Fundamental Duties- Part IV(A)- Article 51 A 
Chapter 5 
B 
Human Rights 
Violations- 
Complaint 
Mechanism (Quasi- 
Judicial bodies) 
a) What are Quasi- Judicial Bodies? 
b) Various Human Rights Commissions 
1. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) 
2. National Commission for Minorities 
3. National Commission for Women (NCW) 
a) National Commission for Scheduled Castes and 
Scheduled Tribes 
b) National Commission for Protection of Child’s 
Rights (NCPCR) 
Unit 6 International Law a) Introduction 
b) Historical Evolution of International Law 
c) What is International Law? 
 
d) Sources of International Law 
e) International Human Rights 
f) International Law & Municipal Law 
g) International Law & India 
h) Dispute Resolution 
Unit 7 Legal Profession in 
India 
a) The Advocate Act,1961 
b) Lawyers and Professional Ethics 
c) Advertising by Lawyers 
d) Liberalization and Globalization of legal profession 
e) Women and Legal Profession 
f) Legal Education in India, USA and UK 
g) Opportunities for Law Graduates 
Unit 8 Legal Services  a) Brief history of Legal services 
b) Free Legal Aid under Criminal law 
c) Legal aid by the State 
d) Legal Aid under the Indian Constitution 
e) National Legal Services Authority(NALSA) 
f) Legal Services Authority Act,1987 
g) Legal Aid in context of social justice and Human 
Rights 
 PROJECT WORK Detailed Guideline given below for  reference 
 
PROJECT GUIDELINES for Class XII 
INTRODUCTION: 
The student is required to do a project on ‘Understanding Case Laws’  
OBJECTIVES: 
The project work aims to enable students to: 
? identify a legal problem and provide its remedy 
? select relevant legal sources and conduct research 
? analyse and distinguish between types of cases 
? apply case laws and relevant statutory laws 
METHODOLOGY-: The student is required to select any 3 decided cases related to the 
curriculum where one must be civil in nature, one criminal and one constitutional in character. 
 The research on the cases must include the following points: 
? Name of the case 
? Parties to the case 
? Citation to the case 
? Bench 
? Nature of the case (Civil, Criminal or Constitutional) 
? Facts of the case and issues involved 
? Decision of the case including Ratio Decidendi and Obiter Dicta  
Page 5


 
 
 
Class XII (2023 –2024) 
 (BASED ON REVISED BOOK WITH NEW CHAPTERS)  
(Textbook Revised in the Academic Year 2023-2024) 
 
S.No. Units Periods Marks 
Unit 1 Judiciary 25 08 
Unit 2 Alternative Dispute Resolution in India 
(ADR) 
20 08 
Unit3 Topics in Law- I (Business Laws) 
Chapter 3 (A) - Law of Contract 
Chapter 3 (B) - Law of Torts 
Chapter 3 (C) - Law of Property 
Chapter 3 (D) - Intellectual Property Law  
35 20 
Unit 4 Topics in Law- II (General Laws) 
Chapter 4 (A) -Law and Sustainable 
Development 
Chapter 4 (B)- Forms of Legal Entities 
Chapter 4 (C) - Criminal Laws in India 
35 10 
unit 5 Concept of Human Rights 
Chapter 5 (A)-Human Rights in India 
Chapter 5 (B)-Human Rights Violations-
Complaint Mechanism 
(Quasi-Judicial Bodies) 
30 10 
Unit 6 International Law 20 08 
Unit 7 Legal Profession in India 20 08 
Unit 8  Legal Services  15 08 
 Project 20 20 
  Total 220 100 
 
Theory- 80 marks (One Paper) 
Internal Assessment- Project Based Assessment- 20 marks 
 
 
 
Contents-   
S.No. Unit Topics 
Unit 1 Judiciary a) Structure, Hierarchy of Courts, and Legal Officers 
in India  
b) Constitution, Roles and Impartiality 
c) Appointments, retirement and removal of Judges 
d) Tribunals 
e) Courts and Judicial Review 
Unit 2 Alternative 
Dispute Resolution 
in India (ADR) 
a) Adversarial and Inquisitorial Systems 
b) Meaning and scope of ADR 
c) Arbitration 
d) Mediation 
e) Conciliation 
f) Lok Adalat 
g) Ombudsman 
h) Lokpal and Lokayukta 
Unit 3 Topics in Law I (Business Laws) 
Chapter 
3A 
Law of Contract a) Introduction to Contracts 
b) Formation of Contract 
c) Intention to Contract 
d) Consideration 
e) Capacity to Contract 
f) Consent 
g) Types of Contracts 
h) Discharge of Contract 
i) Remedies in case of breach 
Chapter 3 
B 
Law of Torts a) Concept of law of Torts 
b) Sources of Law of Torts 
c) Intentional Tort 
d) Defamation 
e) Negligence 
f) Strict Liability 
g) Absolute Liability 
Chapter 3 
C 
Law of Property a) Types of Property 
b) Who can transfer property 
c) Essential of a valid transfer 
d) Types of Transfer- Sale, Lease, Exchange, Gift 
Chapter 3 
D 
Intellectual Property 
Law 
a) Meaning of Intellectual Property 
b) International Obligations that have shaped Indian 
IPR 
c) WIPO 
d) Copyright 
e) Patent 
 
f) Trademark 
g) Geographical Indication 
h) Design 
Unit 4 Topics in Law II (General Laws) 
Chapter 4 
A 
Law and 
Sustainable 
Development 
a) Introduction 
b) Initiatives under International Scenario 
c) Provisions under Indian Constitution 
d) Environment Protection Act, 1986 
e) Pollution Control Boards 
Chapter 4 
B 
Forms of Legal 
Entities 
Types of Legal Entities in India 
a)  Sole Proprietorship 
b) Partnership 
c)  Limited Liability Partnership 
d)  Private Limited company 
e)  Public Limited Company 
f)  One Person Company 
Chapter 4 
C 
Criminal Laws in 
India 
a) Objectives of Criminal law 
b) Legislations for Criminal laws in India 
c) Distinction between Intention and Motive 
d) Stages of crime 
e) The Indian Evidence Act 
f) Admission and Confession 
Unit 5 Concept of Human Rights 
Chapter 5 
A 
Human Rights in 
India 
a) Introduction 
1. Historical Context 
b) Indian Constitutional framework on Human Rights 
and related Laws in India 
1. The Preamble 
2. Fundamental Rights-Part III of the Constitution 
3. Directive Principles-Part IV- Articles 36-51 
4. Fundamental Duties- Part IV(A)- Article 51 A 
Chapter 5 
B 
Human Rights 
Violations- 
Complaint 
Mechanism (Quasi- 
Judicial bodies) 
a) What are Quasi- Judicial Bodies? 
b) Various Human Rights Commissions 
1. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) 
2. National Commission for Minorities 
3. National Commission for Women (NCW) 
a) National Commission for Scheduled Castes and 
Scheduled Tribes 
b) National Commission for Protection of Child’s 
Rights (NCPCR) 
Unit 6 International Law a) Introduction 
b) Historical Evolution of International Law 
c) What is International Law? 
 
d) Sources of International Law 
e) International Human Rights 
f) International Law & Municipal Law 
g) International Law & India 
h) Dispute Resolution 
Unit 7 Legal Profession in 
India 
a) The Advocate Act,1961 
b) Lawyers and Professional Ethics 
c) Advertising by Lawyers 
d) Liberalization and Globalization of legal profession 
e) Women and Legal Profession 
f) Legal Education in India, USA and UK 
g) Opportunities for Law Graduates 
Unit 8 Legal Services  a) Brief history of Legal services 
b) Free Legal Aid under Criminal law 
c) Legal aid by the State 
d) Legal Aid under the Indian Constitution 
e) National Legal Services Authority(NALSA) 
f) Legal Services Authority Act,1987 
g) Legal Aid in context of social justice and Human 
Rights 
 PROJECT WORK Detailed Guideline given below for  reference 
 
PROJECT GUIDELINES for Class XII 
INTRODUCTION: 
The student is required to do a project on ‘Understanding Case Laws’  
OBJECTIVES: 
The project work aims to enable students to: 
? identify a legal problem and provide its remedy 
? select relevant legal sources and conduct research 
? analyse and distinguish between types of cases 
? apply case laws and relevant statutory laws 
METHODOLOGY-: The student is required to select any 3 decided cases related to the 
curriculum where one must be civil in nature, one criminal and one constitutional in character. 
 The research on the cases must include the following points: 
? Name of the case 
? Parties to the case 
? Citation to the case 
? Bench 
? Nature of the case (Civil, Criminal or Constitutional) 
? Facts of the case and issues involved 
? Decision of the case including Ratio Decidendi and Obiter Dicta  
 
  
 
Rubrics 
Topic 
Exceeding 
(76-100 percent) 
Accomplished (61-75 
percent) 
Developing 
(34-60 percent) 
Beginning 
13(15-33 percent) 
Presentation of 
all facts of the 
case 
? All the relevant facts 
are presented clearly 
in a chronological, 
organized, logical 
and interesting 
sequence 
? The facts are 
supported with 
relevant evidence  
related to the case 
? Most of the 
crucial facts have 
been stated 
sequentially as 
per the happening 
of the case 
? Some facts are 
stated but not in a 
sequential manner 
? Only a few 
unrelated and 
irrelevant facts 
have been stated 
Statement of 
Legal problem 
and prediction 
about outcome 
? Legal problem has 
been precisely 
defined and 
unambiguously 
stated 
? Analysis of the legal 
problem has been 
done thoroughly and 
predicts clear 
outcome with logical 
reasoning 
? Legal problem 
has been nearly 
correctly stated 
? Analysis of the 
legal problem 
predicts a near 
clear outcome 
? Legal problem 
has been vaguely 
conceived 
? Analysis of the 
Legal problem 
does not predict a 
clear outcome 
? Legal problem 
has not been 
identified clearly, 
? No analysis of the 
legal problem has 
been done to 
predict the 
outcome 
Information 
gathering 
? The information 
gathered in relation 
to the case is relevant 
and sufficient to 
encompass all crucial 
facts and all 
applicable laws 
? The information 
gathered in 
relation to the 
case is relevant 
and sufficient to 
encompass only 
crucial facts 
without 
applicable laws 
? The information 
gathered in 
relation to the 
case is relevant 
but insufficient to 
encompass all 
relevant facts and 
applicable laws 
? The information 
gathered in 
relation to the 
case is 
insufficient