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COURSE STRUCTURE 
CLASS XII (2023-24) 
One Theory Paper Time: 3 Hours 
Max. Marks: 80 
Units  No. of 
periods 
Marks 
A Indian Society   
 1. Introducing Indian Society 0 Non- 
evaluative 
 2. The Demographic Structure of Indian 
Society 
10 10 
 3. Social Institutions: Continuity and Change 12 10 
 5. Patterns of Social Inequality and 
Exclusion 
18 10 
 6. The Challenges of Cultural Diversity 22 10 
 7. Suggestions for Project Work 10 Non- 
evaluative 
  Total 40 
B Social Change and Development in India   
 8. Structural Change 8 5 
 9. Cultural Change 12 5 
 11.Change and Development in Rural 
Society 
10 10 
 12. Change and Development in Industrial 
Society 
12 10 
 15. Social Movements 18 10 
  Total 40 
Total 132 80 
 
COURSE CONTENT 
 
A. 
INDIAN SOCIETY 
40 Marks 
Unit 1 
Introducing Indian Society 
? Colonialism, Nationalism, Class and Community (Non- 
evaluative) 
0 Periods 
Unit 2 
The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society 
? Theories and concepts in demography 
10 Periods 
Page 2


COURSE STRUCTURE 
CLASS XII (2023-24) 
One Theory Paper Time: 3 Hours 
Max. Marks: 80 
Units  No. of 
periods 
Marks 
A Indian Society   
 1. Introducing Indian Society 0 Non- 
evaluative 
 2. The Demographic Structure of Indian 
Society 
10 10 
 3. Social Institutions: Continuity and Change 12 10 
 5. Patterns of Social Inequality and 
Exclusion 
18 10 
 6. The Challenges of Cultural Diversity 22 10 
 7. Suggestions for Project Work 10 Non- 
evaluative 
  Total 40 
B Social Change and Development in India   
 8. Structural Change 8 5 
 9. Cultural Change 12 5 
 11.Change and Development in Rural 
Society 
10 10 
 12. Change and Development in Industrial 
Society 
12 10 
 15. Social Movements 18 10 
  Total 40 
Total 132 80 
 
COURSE CONTENT 
 
A. 
INDIAN SOCIETY 
40 Marks 
Unit 1 
Introducing Indian Society 
? Colonialism, Nationalism, Class and Community (Non- 
evaluative) 
0 Periods 
Unit 2 
The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society 
? Theories and concepts in demography 
10 Periods 
 ? Rural-Urban Linkages and Divisions 
? Population Policy in India 
 
Unit 3 
Social Institutions: Continuity and Change 
? Caste and the Caste System 
? Tribal Communities 
? Family and Kinship 
12 Periods 
Unit 5 
Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion 
? Social Inequality and Social Exclusion 
? Systems justifying and perpetuating Inequality - Caste, 
Tribe, the Other Backward Classes 
? Adivasi Struggles 
? The Struggle for Women’s Equality and Rights 
? The struggles of the Differently Abled 
18 Periods 
Unit 6 
The Challenges of Cultural Diversity 
? Cultural communities and the nation state 
? Regionalism in the Indian context 
? The Nation state and religion related issues and 
identities 
? Communalism, secularism and the nation state 
? State and Civil Society 
22 Periods 
Unit 7 
Suggestions for Project Work 
10 Periods 
B. 
SOCIAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA 
40 Marks 
Unit 8 
Structural Change 
? Understanding Colonialism, Industrialization, 
Urbanization 
8 Periods 
Unit 9 
Cultural Change 
? Social Reform Movements 
? Different Kinds of Social Change: Sanskritisation, 
12 Periods 
Page 3


COURSE STRUCTURE 
CLASS XII (2023-24) 
One Theory Paper Time: 3 Hours 
Max. Marks: 80 
Units  No. of 
periods 
Marks 
A Indian Society   
 1. Introducing Indian Society 0 Non- 
evaluative 
 2. The Demographic Structure of Indian 
Society 
10 10 
 3. Social Institutions: Continuity and Change 12 10 
 5. Patterns of Social Inequality and 
Exclusion 
18 10 
 6. The Challenges of Cultural Diversity 22 10 
 7. Suggestions for Project Work 10 Non- 
evaluative 
  Total 40 
B Social Change and Development in India   
 8. Structural Change 8 5 
 9. Cultural Change 12 5 
 11.Change and Development in Rural 
Society 
10 10 
 12. Change and Development in Industrial 
Society 
12 10 
 15. Social Movements 18 10 
  Total 40 
Total 132 80 
 
COURSE CONTENT 
 
A. 
INDIAN SOCIETY 
40 Marks 
Unit 1 
Introducing Indian Society 
? Colonialism, Nationalism, Class and Community (Non- 
evaluative) 
0 Periods 
Unit 2 
The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society 
? Theories and concepts in demography 
10 Periods 
 ? Rural-Urban Linkages and Divisions 
? Population Policy in India 
 
Unit 3 
Social Institutions: Continuity and Change 
? Caste and the Caste System 
? Tribal Communities 
? Family and Kinship 
12 Periods 
Unit 5 
Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion 
? Social Inequality and Social Exclusion 
? Systems justifying and perpetuating Inequality - Caste, 
Tribe, the Other Backward Classes 
? Adivasi Struggles 
? The Struggle for Women’s Equality and Rights 
? The struggles of the Differently Abled 
18 Periods 
Unit 6 
The Challenges of Cultural Diversity 
? Cultural communities and the nation state 
? Regionalism in the Indian context 
? The Nation state and religion related issues and 
identities 
? Communalism, secularism and the nation state 
? State and Civil Society 
22 Periods 
Unit 7 
Suggestions for Project Work 
10 Periods 
B. 
SOCIAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA 
40 Marks 
Unit 8 
Structural Change 
? Understanding Colonialism, Industrialization, 
Urbanization 
8 Periods 
Unit 9 
Cultural Change 
? Social Reform Movements 
? Different Kinds of Social Change: Sanskritisation, 
12 Periods 
 Westernization, Modernization, Secularization  
Unit 11 
Change and Development in Rural Society 
? Agrarian Structure : Caste & class in Rural India 
? Land Reforms, Green Revolution and Emerging 
Agrarian society 
? Green revolution and its social consequences 
? Transformation in Rural Society 
? Circulation of labour 
? Globalization, Liberalization and Rural Society 
10 Periods 
Unit 12 
Change and Development in Industrial Society 
? From Planned Industrialization to Liberalization 
? How people find Jobs 
? Work Processes: How work is carried out, working 
conditions, home based work, Strikes and Unions 
12 Periods 
Unit 15 
Social Movements 
? Concept of Social Movements 
? Theories and Classification of Social Movements 
? Environmental Movements 
? Class-Based Movements: Workers, Peasants 
18 Periods 
Page 4


COURSE STRUCTURE 
CLASS XII (2023-24) 
One Theory Paper Time: 3 Hours 
Max. Marks: 80 
Units  No. of 
periods 
Marks 
A Indian Society   
 1. Introducing Indian Society 0 Non- 
evaluative 
 2. The Demographic Structure of Indian 
Society 
10 10 
 3. Social Institutions: Continuity and Change 12 10 
 5. Patterns of Social Inequality and 
Exclusion 
18 10 
 6. The Challenges of Cultural Diversity 22 10 
 7. Suggestions for Project Work 10 Non- 
evaluative 
  Total 40 
B Social Change and Development in India   
 8. Structural Change 8 5 
 9. Cultural Change 12 5 
 11.Change and Development in Rural 
Society 
10 10 
 12. Change and Development in Industrial 
Society 
12 10 
 15. Social Movements 18 10 
  Total 40 
Total 132 80 
 
COURSE CONTENT 
 
A. 
INDIAN SOCIETY 
40 Marks 
Unit 1 
Introducing Indian Society 
? Colonialism, Nationalism, Class and Community (Non- 
evaluative) 
0 Periods 
Unit 2 
The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society 
? Theories and concepts in demography 
10 Periods 
 ? Rural-Urban Linkages and Divisions 
? Population Policy in India 
 
Unit 3 
Social Institutions: Continuity and Change 
? Caste and the Caste System 
? Tribal Communities 
? Family and Kinship 
12 Periods 
Unit 5 
Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion 
? Social Inequality and Social Exclusion 
? Systems justifying and perpetuating Inequality - Caste, 
Tribe, the Other Backward Classes 
? Adivasi Struggles 
? The Struggle for Women’s Equality and Rights 
? The struggles of the Differently Abled 
18 Periods 
Unit 6 
The Challenges of Cultural Diversity 
? Cultural communities and the nation state 
? Regionalism in the Indian context 
? The Nation state and religion related issues and 
identities 
? Communalism, secularism and the nation state 
? State and Civil Society 
22 Periods 
Unit 7 
Suggestions for Project Work 
10 Periods 
B. 
SOCIAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA 
40 Marks 
Unit 8 
Structural Change 
? Understanding Colonialism, Industrialization, 
Urbanization 
8 Periods 
Unit 9 
Cultural Change 
? Social Reform Movements 
? Different Kinds of Social Change: Sanskritisation, 
12 Periods 
 Westernization, Modernization, Secularization  
Unit 11 
Change and Development in Rural Society 
? Agrarian Structure : Caste & class in Rural India 
? Land Reforms, Green Revolution and Emerging 
Agrarian society 
? Green revolution and its social consequences 
? Transformation in Rural Society 
? Circulation of labour 
? Globalization, Liberalization and Rural Society 
10 Periods 
Unit 12 
Change and Development in Industrial Society 
? From Planned Industrialization to Liberalization 
? How people find Jobs 
? Work Processes: How work is carried out, working 
conditions, home based work, Strikes and Unions 
12 Periods 
Unit 15 
Social Movements 
? Concept of Social Movements 
? Theories and Classification of Social Movements 
? Environmental Movements 
? Class-Based Movements: Workers, Peasants 
18 Periods 
 ? Caste-Based Movements: Dalit Movement, Backward 
Class/Castes, Trends in Upper Caste Responses 
? Tribal Movements 
? Women’s Movements in Independent India 
 
 
 
 
PROJECT WORK 
Periods: 40 
Max. Marks: 20 
C. Project undertaken during the academic year at school level 
1. Introduction -2 Marks 
2. Statement of Purpose – 2 Marks 
3. Research Question – 2 Marks 
4. Methodology – 3 Marks 
5. Data Analysis – 4 Marks 
6. Conclusion – 2 Marks 
15 Marks 
D. Viva – based on the project work 05 Marks 
 
 
 
Prescribed Books: 
1. Introducing Sociology, Class XI, Published by NCERT 
2. Understanding Society, Class XI, Published by NCERT 
3. Indian Society, Class XII, Published by NCERT 
4. Social Change and Development in India, Class XII, published by NCERT 
Page 5


COURSE STRUCTURE 
CLASS XII (2023-24) 
One Theory Paper Time: 3 Hours 
Max. Marks: 80 
Units  No. of 
periods 
Marks 
A Indian Society   
 1. Introducing Indian Society 0 Non- 
evaluative 
 2. The Demographic Structure of Indian 
Society 
10 10 
 3. Social Institutions: Continuity and Change 12 10 
 5. Patterns of Social Inequality and 
Exclusion 
18 10 
 6. The Challenges of Cultural Diversity 22 10 
 7. Suggestions for Project Work 10 Non- 
evaluative 
  Total 40 
B Social Change and Development in India   
 8. Structural Change 8 5 
 9. Cultural Change 12 5 
 11.Change and Development in Rural 
Society 
10 10 
 12. Change and Development in Industrial 
Society 
12 10 
 15. Social Movements 18 10 
  Total 40 
Total 132 80 
 
COURSE CONTENT 
 
A. 
INDIAN SOCIETY 
40 Marks 
Unit 1 
Introducing Indian Society 
? Colonialism, Nationalism, Class and Community (Non- 
evaluative) 
0 Periods 
Unit 2 
The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society 
? Theories and concepts in demography 
10 Periods 
 ? Rural-Urban Linkages and Divisions 
? Population Policy in India 
 
Unit 3 
Social Institutions: Continuity and Change 
? Caste and the Caste System 
? Tribal Communities 
? Family and Kinship 
12 Periods 
Unit 5 
Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion 
? Social Inequality and Social Exclusion 
? Systems justifying and perpetuating Inequality - Caste, 
Tribe, the Other Backward Classes 
? Adivasi Struggles 
? The Struggle for Women’s Equality and Rights 
? The struggles of the Differently Abled 
18 Periods 
Unit 6 
The Challenges of Cultural Diversity 
? Cultural communities and the nation state 
? Regionalism in the Indian context 
? The Nation state and religion related issues and 
identities 
? Communalism, secularism and the nation state 
? State and Civil Society 
22 Periods 
Unit 7 
Suggestions for Project Work 
10 Periods 
B. 
SOCIAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA 
40 Marks 
Unit 8 
Structural Change 
? Understanding Colonialism, Industrialization, 
Urbanization 
8 Periods 
Unit 9 
Cultural Change 
? Social Reform Movements 
? Different Kinds of Social Change: Sanskritisation, 
12 Periods 
 Westernization, Modernization, Secularization  
Unit 11 
Change and Development in Rural Society 
? Agrarian Structure : Caste & class in Rural India 
? Land Reforms, Green Revolution and Emerging 
Agrarian society 
? Green revolution and its social consequences 
? Transformation in Rural Society 
? Circulation of labour 
? Globalization, Liberalization and Rural Society 
10 Periods 
Unit 12 
Change and Development in Industrial Society 
? From Planned Industrialization to Liberalization 
? How people find Jobs 
? Work Processes: How work is carried out, working 
conditions, home based work, Strikes and Unions 
12 Periods 
Unit 15 
Social Movements 
? Concept of Social Movements 
? Theories and Classification of Social Movements 
? Environmental Movements 
? Class-Based Movements: Workers, Peasants 
18 Periods 
 ? Caste-Based Movements: Dalit Movement, Backward 
Class/Castes, Trends in Upper Caste Responses 
? Tribal Movements 
? Women’s Movements in Independent India 
 
 
 
 
PROJECT WORK 
Periods: 40 
Max. Marks: 20 
C. Project undertaken during the academic year at school level 
1. Introduction -2 Marks 
2. Statement of Purpose – 2 Marks 
3. Research Question – 2 Marks 
4. Methodology – 3 Marks 
5. Data Analysis – 4 Marks 
6. Conclusion – 2 Marks 
15 Marks 
D. Viva – based on the project work 05 Marks 
 
 
 
Prescribed Books: 
1. Introducing Sociology, Class XI, Published by NCERT 
2. Understanding Society, Class XI, Published by NCERT 
3. Indian Society, Class XII, Published by NCERT 
4. Social Change and Development in India, Class XII, published by NCERT 
 
SOCIOLOGY (Code No. 039) 
QUESTION PAPER DESIGN 
CLASS XII (2023-24) 
 
 
S.No.                             Competencies Total Marks Weight age 
      (%) 
1 Knowledge & understanding 
Exhibit memory of previously learned material by 
recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers. 
Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by 
organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving 
descriptions, and stating main ideas 
 
 
30 
 
 
37.5% 
2 Application of Knowledge and Concepts 
Solve problems to new situations by applying 
acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a 
different way. Examine and break information into 
parts by identifying motives or causes. Make 
inferences and find evidence to support 
generalizations 
 
Present and defend opinions by making judgments 
about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work 
based on a set of criteria. 
 
 
32 
 
 
40% 
3 Formulate, Analyse , Evaluate & Create 
Compile information together in a different way by 
Combining elements in a new pattern or proposing 
alternative solutions. 
 
18 
 
22.5% 
 
Total 80 100% 
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FAQs on Syllabus: Sociology for Class 12 - Sociology Class 12 - Humanities/Arts

1. What is sociology and why is it important in humanities/arts education?
Sociology is the scientific study of society, social relationships, and human behavior. It helps us understand the structures, institutions, and processes that shape our social world. In humanities/arts education, sociology provides a critical lens to analyze and interpret social phenomena, such as art, culture, and social movements, allowing us to gain a deeper understanding of the social context in which these elements exist.
2. How does sociology contribute to the development of critical thinking skills?
Sociology promotes critical thinking skills by encouraging students to question and analyze social phenomena from multiple perspectives. It challenges students to examine societal norms, values, and beliefs, fostering the ability to think critically about the social world. Through sociological research methods, students learn to gather and evaluate evidence, identify biases, and develop logical arguments, all of which are essential components of critical thinking.
3. Can studying sociology help in understanding and addressing social inequalities?
Yes, studying sociology can greatly contribute to understanding and addressing social inequalities. Sociology examines the structures and mechanisms that perpetuate social inequalities, such as race, class, gender, and sexuality. By analyzing these systems, students can develop a deep understanding of the root causes of social inequalities and explore potential solutions. Sociology also provides tools to critically analyze social policies and advocate for social justice.
4. How does sociology contribute to the study of culture and society?
Sociology contributes to the study of culture and society by providing frameworks to analyze and interpret social phenomena. It helps us understand how culture shapes our beliefs, values, and behaviors, and how society influences our interactions and social structures. Sociology also explores the impact of social institutions, such as family, education, and religion, on individuals and communities, enabling a holistic understanding of culture and society.
5. What career opportunities are available for students who study sociology in humanities/arts?
Studying sociology in humanities/arts opens up various career opportunities. Graduates can pursue careers in fields such as social work, counseling, community development, human resources, market research, public policy, and advocacy. Sociology equips students with a wide range of transferable skills, including critical thinking, research methods, data analysis, and communication, which are highly valued in diverse professional settings.
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