Deforestation is the permanent removal of trees to make room for something besides the forest. This can include clearing the land for agriculture or grazing or using the timber for fuel, construction or manufacturing. According to the World Wildlife Fund, forests cover more than 30% of the Earth's land surface.
➤ Shifting cultivation
➤ Development project
➤ Fuel Requirements
➤ Raw Material Requirements
➤ Other Causes
➤ How it affects?
Based on climatic conditions, there are six grasslands found in the different regions of the Indian subcontinent. Four major types of grasslands are discussed here.
➤ Semiarid
➤ Dry sub-humid zone
➤ Moist sub-humid zone
➤ Humid montane regions
Shankar IAS Test: Terrestrial Ecosystem- 1
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Desert plants are under hot and dry conditions.
The annuals wherever present germinates, bloom and reproduce only during the short rainy season, not in summer and winter. This is an adaption to desert condition.
➤ Flora
➤ The first group consists of two types
➤ Fauna
Cold desert of India includes Ladakh, Leh and Kargil of Kashmir and Spiti valley of Himachal Pradesh and some parts of northern Uttaranchal and Sikkim. These arid areas are not affected by the Indian monsoons because they lie in the Himalayan mountain systems' rain-shadow. Characterized by extreme cold weather and denuded terrain, they are not suitable for plant growth. Isolated, scattered and overgrazed herbaceous shrubs are found. Grazing period is less than 3-4 months.
The cause of this process is not climatic changes, droughts, etc. but human actions.
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Terrestrial Ecosystem- 2
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➤ Desertification in India
➤ Control measures
Some of the major programmes currently implemented that address issues related to land degradation and desertification are
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1. What are the main causes of deforestation? |
2. What are the consequences of deforestation on terrestrial ecosystems? |
3. How does deforestation affect wildlife? |
4. Can deforestation be prevented or controlled? |
5. How does deforestation contribute to climate change? |