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FAQs on Textbook: Last Phase of Struggle for Independence - History and Civics Class 8 (Maharashtra Board)

1. What were the key events that led to the final phase of India's struggle for independence?
Ans. The final phase of India's struggle for independence included several significant events, such as the Quit India Movement launched in 1942, which called for an end to British rule. Other important milestones included the formation of the Indian National Army (INA) led by Subhas Chandra Bose, and the naval mutiny of 1946, which demonstrated widespread discontent among Indian forces. The culmination of these events created an atmosphere of unrest that pressured the British government to consider Indian independence seriously.
2. How did the Quit India Movement impact the struggle for independence?
Ans. The Quit India Movement greatly intensified the struggle for independence by uniting various factions of Indian society in a common cause against British rule. Launched in 1942, it saw mass protests, strikes, and demonstrations across the country. Although it was met with severe repression, the movement highlighted the determination of Indians to attain freedom and marked a significant turning point, ultimately leading to increased international support for India's independence and weakening British resolve.
3. Who were some of the prominent leaders during the last phase of the independence struggle?
Ans. Key leaders during this period included Mahatma Gandhi, who emphasized non-violent resistance, and Jawaharlal Nehru, who played a crucial role in uniting the Indian National Congress. Other notable figures included Subhas Chandra Bose, who sought support from foreign powers for armed struggle, and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, known for his organizational skills and efforts in unifying the nation post-independence. Each leader contributed differently, shaping the course of the independence movement.
4. What role did World War II play in India's fight for independence?
Ans. World War II had a profound impact on India’s struggle for independence. The war strained British resources and exposed their inability to maintain control over their colonies. The participation of Indian soldiers in the war also fostered a sense of nationalism and heightened demands for independence. Additionally, the war’s end in 1945 created a power vacuum, leading to the British reconsidering their colonial policies as they faced pressure both from Indian leaders and the changing global political landscape.
5. What was the significance of the Indian National Army (INA) in the independence movement?
Ans. The Indian National Army (INA) was significant as it represented a military effort to overthrow British rule, led by Subhas Chandra Bose. Formed during World War II, the INA aimed to liberate India with the support of Axis powers. Though its military campaigns were not ultimately successful, the INA inspired a sense of pride and patriotism among Indians and showcased the willingness to fight for independence through armed struggle, thereby galvanizing support for the broader independence movement.
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