Textbook Solutions: Architecture in Medieval India | Footprints Class 7: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets PDF Download

I. Based on your understanding, choose the correct option.

Q1.
Ans: (a)

Q2.
Ans: (a)

Q3.
Ans: (c)

Q4.
Ans: (c)

Q5.
Ans: (b)

Q6.
Ans: (a)

Q7.
Ans: (b)

Q8.
Ans: (a)

Q9. 
Ans: (a)

Q10.
Ans: (b)

II. Answer the following in one sentence. 

III. Answer the following questions in brief. 

Q16.
Ans: Characteristics include towering spires called shikhara, a sanctum sanctorum, a mandapa or pillared hall, intricate carvings of deities, and often a water reservoir or tank.

Q17.
Ans: Regional architecture during the medieval period varied with the influence of local cultures, climates, and materials; for instance, Bengal's terracotta temples, Rajputana's palatial forts, and the Dravidian style temples of South India with their ornate vimanas and gopurams.

Q18.
Ans: Two prominent kinds are religious structures like temples, mosques, and churches, and secular structures like forts, palaces, and tombs.

Q19. 
Ans: Havelis were traditional mansions in India with a courtyard. Their features include ornate wooden or stone carvings, frescoes, multiple courtyards, jaali work, and spacious balconies.

Q20.
Ans: The Vesara style is a hybrid architectural style combining elements of the northern Nagara and southern Dravidian temple styles. Examples include the Hoysala temples like the Chennakesava Temple at Belur.

IV. Answer the following questions in detail. 

• Primarily found in northern India.
• The main shrine is called the 'Garbhagriha' (sanctum sanctorum) with a single spire or 'Shikhara' rising in a curvilinear manner.
• The temples often have a hall or 'Mandapa' in front of the Garbhagriha.
• The temples do not generally have elaborated boundary walls or gateway towers (gopurams).
• The platform that the temple is built upon is called 'Jagati', and it is not always present in Nagara temples.

Dravida Style:

• Mainly found in southern India.
• The main shrine also contains a Garbhagriha but it is topped with a pyramidal tower called 'Vimana'.
• The temples often have a large compound wall around them and are characterized by the presence of ornate gateway towers or 'Gopurams'.
• There is a water tank invariably present in the complex.
• The platform or base called 'Adhisthana' is more pronounced and has various moldings.

Q22.
Ans: Indo-Islamic Architecture:

• It is a blend of Islamic and Indian architectural styles.
• Features arches, domes, and minarets combined with Indian decorative patterns.
• Use of decorative geometric patterns and calligraphy.
• The architecture does not generally use human or animal figures in its designs due to Islamic prohibitions.
• Jalis or latticed screens are a significant feature, often seen in windows or as room dividers.
• The use of red sandstone combined with white marble became quite popular in many constructions.

Q23.
Ans: Under Shah Jahan's reign, Mughal architecture reached its zenith in terms of aesthetics, symmetry, and grandeur. Here are some justifications:

• Taj Mahal in Agra: Perhaps the most iconic symbol of Mughal architecture, this white marble mausoleum is known for its unparalleled beauty and intricate craftsmanship. It's a symbol of Shah Jahan's love for his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
• Jama Masjid in Delhi: One of the largest mosques in India, it stands as a testament to the grandeur and scale of Mughal construction.
• Red Fort in Delhi: Also known as Lal Qila, it showcases brilliant architectural work and was the main residence of the Mughal emperors for nearly 200 years.
• Shalimar Gardens in Lahore: A beautiful example of Mughal garden design, which integrates nature and architecture in a harmonious way.
• The intricate inlay work, carvings, and designs seen in the buildings of this era also highlight the attention to detail and the artistic prowess of the artisans of the time.