Selina Textbook Solutions: Ecosystems | Biology Class 8 ICSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Ecosystems 
REVIEW QUESTIONS 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
a. The term “ecosystem” is derived from the Greek word “Oikos” meaning. 
1. Body weight 
2. Food 
3. House 
4. Size 
b. Rat in any food chain would occupy the position of 
1. Tertiary consumer 
2. Secondary consumer 
3. Primary consumer 
4. Producer 
c. Evergreen broad-leaved trees are characteristic of 
1. Tropical rain forests 
2. Temperate deciduous forests 
3. Coniferous forests 
4. All of the above types of forests. 
Short Answer Type: 
1. Mention if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 
(a) Snakes are primary consumers (T/F) 
(b) Some humans are strictly primary consumers & some others are of other types of 
consumers also (T/F) 
(c) No ecosystem can survive without light (T/F) 
(d) Cattle go to ponds for drinking water, so they are a constituent of pond ecosystem 
(T/F) 
 
 
Page 2


Ecosystems 
REVIEW QUESTIONS 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
a. The term “ecosystem” is derived from the Greek word “Oikos” meaning. 
1. Body weight 
2. Food 
3. House 
4. Size 
b. Rat in any food chain would occupy the position of 
1. Tertiary consumer 
2. Secondary consumer 
3. Primary consumer 
4. Producer 
c. Evergreen broad-leaved trees are characteristic of 
1. Tropical rain forests 
2. Temperate deciduous forests 
3. Coniferous forests 
4. All of the above types of forests. 
Short Answer Type: 
1. Mention if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 
(a) Snakes are primary consumers (T/F) 
(b) Some humans are strictly primary consumers & some others are of other types of 
consumers also (T/F) 
(c) No ecosystem can survive without light (T/F) 
(d) Cattle go to ponds for drinking water, so they are a constituent of pond ecosystem 
(T/F) 
 
 
Answer: 
(a) Snakes are primary consumers (F) 
No the snakes are not primary consumers as snakes eat rats and frogs as these are 
primary consumers which eat plant products. As snakes eat the primary consumers so 
the snakes are secondary consumers. 
(b) Some humans are strictly primary consumers and some others are of other 
types of consumers also (T) 
It is true that humans are vegetarians and eat plants or plant products. So these 
humans are vegetariBut there are certain humans which eat the flesh or eggs of other 
animals. These are carnivores and humans living plants are called Herbivores. 
(c) No ecosystem can survive without light (T) 
The plants and animals and micro-organisms present at a place and interacting with the 
atmosphere like sun light, air, water, soil and warmth and dwelling at a place like, pond, 
desert, forest, rock form the ecosystem as pond ecosystem, desert ecosystem forest 
ecosystem. So ecosystem cannot survive without the presence of light. As the flora 
(plants) living in that ecosystem can only make food in the presence of light and the 
animals (Fauna) living in that ecosystem get the food from the plants of that ecosystem. 
So flora in that area cannot survive in that area without light and animals living in that 
area will not get the food and the plants and animals will perish and the ecosystem 
cannot survive. 
(d) Cattle go to ponds for drinking water, so they are a constituent of pond 
ecosystem (F) 
Cattles likes tigers, lions, cows, deers, buffaloes, go to take water from the pond and 
return to their dwellings as tigers, deers etc. come to the forest so they form a forest 
ecosystem. But plants like hydrilla, vallineria, lotus etc. and animals like frogs, beetles, 
fish live in the pond and form the pond ecosystem. But animals like buffalo which come 
only to take~water cannot form a part of the pond ecosystem. 
2. Match the items in Column I with as many items as possible in Column II. 
 
 
Page 3


Ecosystems 
REVIEW QUESTIONS 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
a. The term “ecosystem” is derived from the Greek word “Oikos” meaning. 
1. Body weight 
2. Food 
3. House 
4. Size 
b. Rat in any food chain would occupy the position of 
1. Tertiary consumer 
2. Secondary consumer 
3. Primary consumer 
4. Producer 
c. Evergreen broad-leaved trees are characteristic of 
1. Tropical rain forests 
2. Temperate deciduous forests 
3. Coniferous forests 
4. All of the above types of forests. 
Short Answer Type: 
1. Mention if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 
(a) Snakes are primary consumers (T/F) 
(b) Some humans are strictly primary consumers & some others are of other types of 
consumers also (T/F) 
(c) No ecosystem can survive without light (T/F) 
(d) Cattle go to ponds for drinking water, so they are a constituent of pond ecosystem 
(T/F) 
 
 
Answer: 
(a) Snakes are primary consumers (F) 
No the snakes are not primary consumers as snakes eat rats and frogs as these are 
primary consumers which eat plant products. As snakes eat the primary consumers so 
the snakes are secondary consumers. 
(b) Some humans are strictly primary consumers and some others are of other 
types of consumers also (T) 
It is true that humans are vegetarians and eat plants or plant products. So these 
humans are vegetariBut there are certain humans which eat the flesh or eggs of other 
animals. These are carnivores and humans living plants are called Herbivores. 
(c) No ecosystem can survive without light (T) 
The plants and animals and micro-organisms present at a place and interacting with the 
atmosphere like sun light, air, water, soil and warmth and dwelling at a place like, pond, 
desert, forest, rock form the ecosystem as pond ecosystem, desert ecosystem forest 
ecosystem. So ecosystem cannot survive without the presence of light. As the flora 
(plants) living in that ecosystem can only make food in the presence of light and the 
animals (Fauna) living in that ecosystem get the food from the plants of that ecosystem. 
So flora in that area cannot survive in that area without light and animals living in that 
area will not get the food and the plants and animals will perish and the ecosystem 
cannot survive. 
(d) Cattle go to ponds for drinking water, so they are a constituent of pond 
ecosystem (F) 
Cattles likes tigers, lions, cows, deers, buffaloes, go to take water from the pond and 
return to their dwellings as tigers, deers etc. come to the forest so they form a forest 
ecosystem. But plants like hydrilla, vallineria, lotus etc. and animals like frogs, beetles, 
fish live in the pond and form the pond ecosystem. But animals like buffalo which come 
only to take~water cannot form a part of the pond ecosystem. 
2. Match the items in Column I with as many items as possible in Column II. 
 
 
 
Answer: 
 
 
 
3. Rewrite the following in their correct sequence in a food chain: 
(a) Snake ? Grasshopper ? Grass ? Frog 
(b) Grass ? Tiger ? Deer 
(c) Snake ? Peacock ? Rat ? Wheat 
Answer: 
(a) Grass ? Grasshopper ? Frog ? Snake 
(b) Grass ? Deer ? Tiger 
(c) Wheat ? Rat ? Snake ? Peacock 
Long Answer Type: 
Question 1. 
Differentiate among primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. Give one example of 
each in a food chain. 
Answer: 
All plants produce food through photosynthesis and are categorised as self food 
producers i.e. these are autotrophs. There are plant eating animals called herbivores as 
Rabbits, deers, pigeons, cows, buffaloes etc. and insects like grasshoppers, bees, 
butterflies and crickets also eat plants or plant products as fruits, flowers, pollen grains 
and plant juices. Such animals are called primary consumers. 
Animals like tigers, lions, wolves, lizards, frogs eat the primary consumers. Birds 
vultures, kites, eagles eat the primary consumer, (i.e. These birds are well eat the flesh 
of many birds like pigeons, sparrows.) These animals or birds are called secondary 
consumers. 
Animals like snakes are eaten by the peacocks, they eat the secondary consumers and 
are called tertiary consumers. 
Owls, eagle are top carnivore. So it is quaternary consumer. 
 
Page 4


Ecosystems 
REVIEW QUESTIONS 
Multiple Choice Questions: 
1. Put a tick mark (?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
a. The term “ecosystem” is derived from the Greek word “Oikos” meaning. 
1. Body weight 
2. Food 
3. House 
4. Size 
b. Rat in any food chain would occupy the position of 
1. Tertiary consumer 
2. Secondary consumer 
3. Primary consumer 
4. Producer 
c. Evergreen broad-leaved trees are characteristic of 
1. Tropical rain forests 
2. Temperate deciduous forests 
3. Coniferous forests 
4. All of the above types of forests. 
Short Answer Type: 
1. Mention if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 
(a) Snakes are primary consumers (T/F) 
(b) Some humans are strictly primary consumers & some others are of other types of 
consumers also (T/F) 
(c) No ecosystem can survive without light (T/F) 
(d) Cattle go to ponds for drinking water, so they are a constituent of pond ecosystem 
(T/F) 
 
 
Answer: 
(a) Snakes are primary consumers (F) 
No the snakes are not primary consumers as snakes eat rats and frogs as these are 
primary consumers which eat plant products. As snakes eat the primary consumers so 
the snakes are secondary consumers. 
(b) Some humans are strictly primary consumers and some others are of other 
types of consumers also (T) 
It is true that humans are vegetarians and eat plants or plant products. So these 
humans are vegetariBut there are certain humans which eat the flesh or eggs of other 
animals. These are carnivores and humans living plants are called Herbivores. 
(c) No ecosystem can survive without light (T) 
The plants and animals and micro-organisms present at a place and interacting with the 
atmosphere like sun light, air, water, soil and warmth and dwelling at a place like, pond, 
desert, forest, rock form the ecosystem as pond ecosystem, desert ecosystem forest 
ecosystem. So ecosystem cannot survive without the presence of light. As the flora 
(plants) living in that ecosystem can only make food in the presence of light and the 
animals (Fauna) living in that ecosystem get the food from the plants of that ecosystem. 
So flora in that area cannot survive in that area without light and animals living in that 
area will not get the food and the plants and animals will perish and the ecosystem 
cannot survive. 
(d) Cattle go to ponds for drinking water, so they are a constituent of pond 
ecosystem (F) 
Cattles likes tigers, lions, cows, deers, buffaloes, go to take water from the pond and 
return to their dwellings as tigers, deers etc. come to the forest so they form a forest 
ecosystem. But plants like hydrilla, vallineria, lotus etc. and animals like frogs, beetles, 
fish live in the pond and form the pond ecosystem. But animals like buffalo which come 
only to take~water cannot form a part of the pond ecosystem. 
2. Match the items in Column I with as many items as possible in Column II. 
 
 
 
Answer: 
 
 
 
3. Rewrite the following in their correct sequence in a food chain: 
(a) Snake ? Grasshopper ? Grass ? Frog 
(b) Grass ? Tiger ? Deer 
(c) Snake ? Peacock ? Rat ? Wheat 
Answer: 
(a) Grass ? Grasshopper ? Frog ? Snake 
(b) Grass ? Deer ? Tiger 
(c) Wheat ? Rat ? Snake ? Peacock 
Long Answer Type: 
Question 1. 
Differentiate among primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. Give one example of 
each in a food chain. 
Answer: 
All plants produce food through photosynthesis and are categorised as self food 
producers i.e. these are autotrophs. There are plant eating animals called herbivores as 
Rabbits, deers, pigeons, cows, buffaloes etc. and insects like grasshoppers, bees, 
butterflies and crickets also eat plants or plant products as fruits, flowers, pollen grains 
and plant juices. Such animals are called primary consumers. 
Animals like tigers, lions, wolves, lizards, frogs eat the primary consumers. Birds 
vultures, kites, eagles eat the primary consumer, (i.e. These birds are well eat the flesh 
of many birds like pigeons, sparrows.) These animals or birds are called secondary 
consumers. 
Animals like snakes are eaten by the peacocks, they eat the secondary consumers and 
are called tertiary consumers. 
Owls, eagle are top carnivore. So it is quaternary consumer. 
 
Question 2. 
Define the term (a) flora and (b) fauna. 
Answer: 
Flora: Plants occurring in a particular is called flora of that area i.e. vegetative growth 
forms flora. Flora deals with plants. Fauna: The animals occurring in a area form the 
fauna of that area. 
Fauna deals with animals. 
Flora and fauna of an area is the plants and animals found in that area. 
Question 3. 
List any three members each of the flora and fauna of tropical rain forests. 
Answer: 
Tropical rain forest are on western coast of India and in the north, east. 
Flora: bamboos, ferns, shrubs (Evergreen trees). 
Fauna: leopards, jungle cats, monkeys, snakes, flying squirrels, insects, snails, 
centipedes, millipedes. 
Question 4. 
Define the following terms and give two examples in each case. 
(a) Symbiosis 
(b) Parasitism 
(c) Predation 
Answer: 
(a) Symbiosis: It refers to relationships between organisms of different species that 
show on intimate association with each other. Symbiotic relationships provide atleast 
one of the participating species with a nutritional advantage. 
Examples of Symbiosis Relationships are of Fungus and photosynthestic alga and 
Microbes and cattle. 
(b) Parasitism: Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between organisms of 
different species where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, 
the host. Examples of Parasitism are 4 tapeworms, flukes, the plasmodium species and 
mosquitoes. 
(c) Predation: A predator is any consumer that kills and eats another living organism in 
order to obtain energy. The organism being eaten is called the prey. 
Examples are Lions, Deer, Wolves, Eagles.