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 Page 1


 
 
LEARNING OUTCOMES 
 
 
 THE COMPANY AUDIT  
 
After studying this chapter, you will be able to: 
? Understand qualification and disqualification of an auditor. 
? Know the procedures of appointment, reappointment, filling up of the casual 
vacancies and removal of auditor. 
? Understand powers and duties of auditor. 
? Understand the provisions relating to rotational  retirement. 
 
 
    Company Audit 
• Appointment of Auditor 
• Rotation of Auditor 
• Audit Committee 
• Auditor's Remuneration 
• Removal of Auditor 
• Ceiling Limit 
• Powers & Duties of Auditor 
• Audit Report as per Co., Act 2013 
• Joint Audit 
• Audit of Branch 
• Cost Audit 
• Punishment for non-compliance 
 
CHAPTER 
10 
Page 2


 
 
LEARNING OUTCOMES 
 
 
 THE COMPANY AUDIT  
 
After studying this chapter, you will be able to: 
? Understand qualification and disqualification of an auditor. 
? Know the procedures of appointment, reappointment, filling up of the casual 
vacancies and removal of auditor. 
? Understand powers and duties of auditor. 
? Understand the provisions relating to rotational  retirement. 
 
 
    Company Audit 
• Appointment of Auditor 
• Rotation of Auditor 
• Audit Committee 
• Auditor's Remuneration 
• Removal of Auditor 
• Ceiling Limit 
• Powers & Duties of Auditor 
• Audit Report as per Co., Act 2013 
• Joint Audit 
• Audit of Branch 
• Cost Audit 
• Punishment for non-compliance 
 
CHAPTER 
10 
 
 
10.2 
 
AUDITING AND ASSURANCE 
 INTRODUCTION 
Companies Act, 2013 is rule based Act. Sections 139 to 148 of the Companies Act, 
2013 (hereinafter referred to as the Act unless otherwise mentioned) deal with 
provisions relating to audit of companies. Therefore, it is quite important to 
understand these provisions very carefully. You may also study sections 128 to 138 
relating to “Accounts” of companies for better understanding of the subject. The 
provisions relating to ‘audit’ broadly deal with who can be appointed as an auditor 
under the Act, i.e., qualifications and disqualifications, the manner of appointment 
and removal of an auditor and rights and duties of an auditor. A scheme of the 
provisions of the Act relating to audit is given below for quick reference: 
 
 1. ELIGIBILITY, QUALIFICATIONS AND 
DISQUALIFICATIONS OF AN AUDITOR 
The provisions relating to eligibility, qualifications and disqualifications of an 
auditor are governed by section 141 of the Companies Act, 2013 (hereinafter 
referred as the Act). The main provisions are stated below: 
(1) A person shall be eligible for appointment as an auditor of a company only if 
he is a chartered accountant. 
 It may be noted that a firm whereof majority of partners practising in India 
are qualified for appointment as aforesaid may be appointed by its firm name 
to be auditor of a company. 
SECTIONS COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER 
139. Appointment of auditors. 
140. Removal, resignation of auditor and giving of special notice. 
141. Eligibility, qualifications and disqualifications of auditors. 
142. Remuneration of auditors. 
143. Powers and duties of auditors and auditing standards. 
144. Auditor not to render certain services. 
145. Auditors to sign audit reports, etc. 
146. Auditors to attend general meeting. 
147. Punishment for contravention. 
148. Central Government to specify audit of items of cost in respect of certain 
companies. 
Page 3


 
 
LEARNING OUTCOMES 
 
 
 THE COMPANY AUDIT  
 
After studying this chapter, you will be able to: 
? Understand qualification and disqualification of an auditor. 
? Know the procedures of appointment, reappointment, filling up of the casual 
vacancies and removal of auditor. 
? Understand powers and duties of auditor. 
? Understand the provisions relating to rotational  retirement. 
 
 
    Company Audit 
• Appointment of Auditor 
• Rotation of Auditor 
• Audit Committee 
• Auditor's Remuneration 
• Removal of Auditor 
• Ceiling Limit 
• Powers & Duties of Auditor 
• Audit Report as per Co., Act 2013 
• Joint Audit 
• Audit of Branch 
• Cost Audit 
• Punishment for non-compliance 
 
CHAPTER 
10 
 
 
10.2 
 
AUDITING AND ASSURANCE 
 INTRODUCTION 
Companies Act, 2013 is rule based Act. Sections 139 to 148 of the Companies Act, 
2013 (hereinafter referred to as the Act unless otherwise mentioned) deal with 
provisions relating to audit of companies. Therefore, it is quite important to 
understand these provisions very carefully. You may also study sections 128 to 138 
relating to “Accounts” of companies for better understanding of the subject. The 
provisions relating to ‘audit’ broadly deal with who can be appointed as an auditor 
under the Act, i.e., qualifications and disqualifications, the manner of appointment 
and removal of an auditor and rights and duties of an auditor. A scheme of the 
provisions of the Act relating to audit is given below for quick reference: 
 
 1. ELIGIBILITY, QUALIFICATIONS AND 
DISQUALIFICATIONS OF AN AUDITOR 
The provisions relating to eligibility, qualifications and disqualifications of an 
auditor are governed by section 141 of the Companies Act, 2013 (hereinafter 
referred as the Act). The main provisions are stated below: 
(1) A person shall be eligible for appointment as an auditor of a company only if 
he is a chartered accountant. 
 It may be noted that a firm whereof majority of partners practising in India 
are qualified for appointment as aforesaid may be appointed by its firm name 
to be auditor of a company. 
SECTIONS COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER 
139. Appointment of auditors. 
140. Removal, resignation of auditor and giving of special notice. 
141. Eligibility, qualifications and disqualifications of auditors. 
142. Remuneration of auditors. 
143. Powers and duties of auditors and auditing standards. 
144. Auditor not to render certain services. 
145. Auditors to sign audit reports, etc. 
146. Auditors to attend general meeting. 
147. Punishment for contravention. 
148. Central Government to specify audit of items of cost in respect of certain 
companies. 
 
 
10.3 
 
THE COMPANY AUDIT  
 
 
 
 
 
Fig.: Is the person eligible for 
appointment as auditor?
*
 
(2) Where a firm including a limited liability 
partnership is appointed as an auditor of a 
company, only the partners who are 
chartered accountants shall be authorised 
to act and sign on behalf of the firm. 
(3) Under sub-section (3) of section 141 
along with Rule 10 of the Companies (Audit 
and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (hereinafter 
referred as CAAR), the following persons 
shall not be eligible for appointment as an 
auditor of a company, namely- 
(a) a body corporate other than a limited liability partnership registered 
under the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008; 
(b) an officer or employee of the company; 
(c) a person who is a partner, or who is in the employment, of an officer or 
employee of the company; 
(d) a person who, or his relative or partner - 
(i) is holding any security of or interest in the company or its 
subsidiary, or of its holding or associate company or a subsidiary 
of such holding company; 
 It may be noted that the relative may hold security or interest in 
the company of face value not exceeding Rupees 1,00,000. 
 It may also be noted that the condition of Rupees 1,00,000 shall, 
wherever relevant, be also applicable in the case of a company 
not having share capital or other securities. 
 Students may also note that in the event of acquiring any security 
or interest by a relative, above the threshold prescribed, the 
corrective action to maintain the limits as specified above shall be 
taken by the auditor within 60 days of such acquisition or 
interest. 
 The following points merit consideration in this regard: 
(a) The value of shares of Rupees 1,00,000 that can be held by 
relative is the face value not the market value. 
Page 4


 
 
LEARNING OUTCOMES 
 
 
 THE COMPANY AUDIT  
 
After studying this chapter, you will be able to: 
? Understand qualification and disqualification of an auditor. 
? Know the procedures of appointment, reappointment, filling up of the casual 
vacancies and removal of auditor. 
? Understand powers and duties of auditor. 
? Understand the provisions relating to rotational  retirement. 
 
 
    Company Audit 
• Appointment of Auditor 
• Rotation of Auditor 
• Audit Committee 
• Auditor's Remuneration 
• Removal of Auditor 
• Ceiling Limit 
• Powers & Duties of Auditor 
• Audit Report as per Co., Act 2013 
• Joint Audit 
• Audit of Branch 
• Cost Audit 
• Punishment for non-compliance 
 
CHAPTER 
10 
 
 
10.2 
 
AUDITING AND ASSURANCE 
 INTRODUCTION 
Companies Act, 2013 is rule based Act. Sections 139 to 148 of the Companies Act, 
2013 (hereinafter referred to as the Act unless otherwise mentioned) deal with 
provisions relating to audit of companies. Therefore, it is quite important to 
understand these provisions very carefully. You may also study sections 128 to 138 
relating to “Accounts” of companies for better understanding of the subject. The 
provisions relating to ‘audit’ broadly deal with who can be appointed as an auditor 
under the Act, i.e., qualifications and disqualifications, the manner of appointment 
and removal of an auditor and rights and duties of an auditor. A scheme of the 
provisions of the Act relating to audit is given below for quick reference: 
 
 1. ELIGIBILITY, QUALIFICATIONS AND 
DISQUALIFICATIONS OF AN AUDITOR 
The provisions relating to eligibility, qualifications and disqualifications of an 
auditor are governed by section 141 of the Companies Act, 2013 (hereinafter 
referred as the Act). The main provisions are stated below: 
(1) A person shall be eligible for appointment as an auditor of a company only if 
he is a chartered accountant. 
 It may be noted that a firm whereof majority of partners practising in India 
are qualified for appointment as aforesaid may be appointed by its firm name 
to be auditor of a company. 
SECTIONS COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER 
139. Appointment of auditors. 
140. Removal, resignation of auditor and giving of special notice. 
141. Eligibility, qualifications and disqualifications of auditors. 
142. Remuneration of auditors. 
143. Powers and duties of auditors and auditing standards. 
144. Auditor not to render certain services. 
145. Auditors to sign audit reports, etc. 
146. Auditors to attend general meeting. 
147. Punishment for contravention. 
148. Central Government to specify audit of items of cost in respect of certain 
companies. 
 
 
10.3 
 
THE COMPANY AUDIT  
 
 
 
 
 
Fig.: Is the person eligible for 
appointment as auditor?
*
 
(2) Where a firm including a limited liability 
partnership is appointed as an auditor of a 
company, only the partners who are 
chartered accountants shall be authorised 
to act and sign on behalf of the firm. 
(3) Under sub-section (3) of section 141 
along with Rule 10 of the Companies (Audit 
and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (hereinafter 
referred as CAAR), the following persons 
shall not be eligible for appointment as an 
auditor of a company, namely- 
(a) a body corporate other than a limited liability partnership registered 
under the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008; 
(b) an officer or employee of the company; 
(c) a person who is a partner, or who is in the employment, of an officer or 
employee of the company; 
(d) a person who, or his relative or partner - 
(i) is holding any security of or interest in the company or its 
subsidiary, or of its holding or associate company or a subsidiary 
of such holding company; 
 It may be noted that the relative may hold security or interest in 
the company of face value not exceeding Rupees 1,00,000. 
 It may also be noted that the condition of Rupees 1,00,000 shall, 
wherever relevant, be also applicable in the case of a company 
not having share capital or other securities. 
 Students may also note that in the event of acquiring any security 
or interest by a relative, above the threshold prescribed, the 
corrective action to maintain the limits as specified above shall be 
taken by the auditor within 60 days of such acquisition or 
interest. 
 The following points merit consideration in this regard: 
(a) The value of shares of Rupees 1,00,000 that can be held by 
relative is the face value not the market value. 
 
 
10.4 
 
AUDITING AND ASSURANCE 
(b) The limit of Rupees 1,00,000 would be applicable where the 
securities are held by the relative of an auditor and not 
where the securities are held by an auditor himself or his 
partner. In case of an auditor or his partner, securities of 
even small value shall be a disqualification. 
(c) Grace period of 60 days for corrective action shall apply only 
in respect of securities held by relatives. This would not 
apply to auditor or his partner. 
 [The term “relative”, as defined under the Companies Act, 2013, 
means anyone who is related to another as members of a Hindu 
Undivided Family; husband and wife; Father (including step- 
father), Mother (including step-mother), Son (including step- son), 
Son’s wife, Daughter, Daughter’s husband, Brother (including 
step- brother), Sister (including step-sister).] 
Example 
Ex 1: Mr. A, a practicing Chartered Accountant, is holding securities of 
XYZ Ltd. having face value of ` 900. Whether Mr. A is qualified for 
appointment as an auditor of XYZ Ltd.? 
As per section 141(3)(d)(i), an auditor is disqualified to be appointed as 
an auditor if he, or his relative or partner holding any security of or 
interest in the company or its subsidiary, or of its holding or associate 
company or a subsidiary of such holding company. 
In the present case, Mr. A is holding security of ` 900 in XYZ Ltd. 
Therefore, he is not eligible for appointment as an auditor of XYZ Ltd. 
Ex 2: Mr. P is a practicing Chartered Accountant and Mr. Q, the relative 
of Mr. P, is holding securities of ABC Ltd. having face value of ` 90,000. 
Whether Mr. P is qualified from being appointed as an auditor of ABC 
Ltd.? 
As per section 141(3)(d)(i), a person is disqualified to be appointed as an 
auditor if he, or his relative or partner is holding any security of or interest 
in the company or its subsidiary, or of its holding or associate company 
or a subsidiary of such holding company. Further, as per proviso to this 
section, the relative of the person may hold the securities or interest in 
the company of face value not exceeding of ` 1,00,000. 
 
Page 5


 
 
LEARNING OUTCOMES 
 
 
 THE COMPANY AUDIT  
 
After studying this chapter, you will be able to: 
? Understand qualification and disqualification of an auditor. 
? Know the procedures of appointment, reappointment, filling up of the casual 
vacancies and removal of auditor. 
? Understand powers and duties of auditor. 
? Understand the provisions relating to rotational  retirement. 
 
 
    Company Audit 
• Appointment of Auditor 
• Rotation of Auditor 
• Audit Committee 
• Auditor's Remuneration 
• Removal of Auditor 
• Ceiling Limit 
• Powers & Duties of Auditor 
• Audit Report as per Co., Act 2013 
• Joint Audit 
• Audit of Branch 
• Cost Audit 
• Punishment for non-compliance 
 
CHAPTER 
10 
 
 
10.2 
 
AUDITING AND ASSURANCE 
 INTRODUCTION 
Companies Act, 2013 is rule based Act. Sections 139 to 148 of the Companies Act, 
2013 (hereinafter referred to as the Act unless otherwise mentioned) deal with 
provisions relating to audit of companies. Therefore, it is quite important to 
understand these provisions very carefully. You may also study sections 128 to 138 
relating to “Accounts” of companies for better understanding of the subject. The 
provisions relating to ‘audit’ broadly deal with who can be appointed as an auditor 
under the Act, i.e., qualifications and disqualifications, the manner of appointment 
and removal of an auditor and rights and duties of an auditor. A scheme of the 
provisions of the Act relating to audit is given below for quick reference: 
 
 1. ELIGIBILITY, QUALIFICATIONS AND 
DISQUALIFICATIONS OF AN AUDITOR 
The provisions relating to eligibility, qualifications and disqualifications of an 
auditor are governed by section 141 of the Companies Act, 2013 (hereinafter 
referred as the Act). The main provisions are stated below: 
(1) A person shall be eligible for appointment as an auditor of a company only if 
he is a chartered accountant. 
 It may be noted that a firm whereof majority of partners practising in India 
are qualified for appointment as aforesaid may be appointed by its firm name 
to be auditor of a company. 
SECTIONS COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER 
139. Appointment of auditors. 
140. Removal, resignation of auditor and giving of special notice. 
141. Eligibility, qualifications and disqualifications of auditors. 
142. Remuneration of auditors. 
143. Powers and duties of auditors and auditing standards. 
144. Auditor not to render certain services. 
145. Auditors to sign audit reports, etc. 
146. Auditors to attend general meeting. 
147. Punishment for contravention. 
148. Central Government to specify audit of items of cost in respect of certain 
companies. 
 
 
10.3 
 
THE COMPANY AUDIT  
 
 
 
 
 
Fig.: Is the person eligible for 
appointment as auditor?
*
 
(2) Where a firm including a limited liability 
partnership is appointed as an auditor of a 
company, only the partners who are 
chartered accountants shall be authorised 
to act and sign on behalf of the firm. 
(3) Under sub-section (3) of section 141 
along with Rule 10 of the Companies (Audit 
and Auditors) Rules, 2014 (hereinafter 
referred as CAAR), the following persons 
shall not be eligible for appointment as an 
auditor of a company, namely- 
(a) a body corporate other than a limited liability partnership registered 
under the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008; 
(b) an officer or employee of the company; 
(c) a person who is a partner, or who is in the employment, of an officer or 
employee of the company; 
(d) a person who, or his relative or partner - 
(i) is holding any security of or interest in the company or its 
subsidiary, or of its holding or associate company or a subsidiary 
of such holding company; 
 It may be noted that the relative may hold security or interest in 
the company of face value not exceeding Rupees 1,00,000. 
 It may also be noted that the condition of Rupees 1,00,000 shall, 
wherever relevant, be also applicable in the case of a company 
not having share capital or other securities. 
 Students may also note that in the event of acquiring any security 
or interest by a relative, above the threshold prescribed, the 
corrective action to maintain the limits as specified above shall be 
taken by the auditor within 60 days of such acquisition or 
interest. 
 The following points merit consideration in this regard: 
(a) The value of shares of Rupees 1,00,000 that can be held by 
relative is the face value not the market value. 
 
 
10.4 
 
AUDITING AND ASSURANCE 
(b) The limit of Rupees 1,00,000 would be applicable where the 
securities are held by the relative of an auditor and not 
where the securities are held by an auditor himself or his 
partner. In case of an auditor or his partner, securities of 
even small value shall be a disqualification. 
(c) Grace period of 60 days for corrective action shall apply only 
in respect of securities held by relatives. This would not 
apply to auditor or his partner. 
 [The term “relative”, as defined under the Companies Act, 2013, 
means anyone who is related to another as members of a Hindu 
Undivided Family; husband and wife; Father (including step- 
father), Mother (including step-mother), Son (including step- son), 
Son’s wife, Daughter, Daughter’s husband, Brother (including 
step- brother), Sister (including step-sister).] 
Example 
Ex 1: Mr. A, a practicing Chartered Accountant, is holding securities of 
XYZ Ltd. having face value of ` 900. Whether Mr. A is qualified for 
appointment as an auditor of XYZ Ltd.? 
As per section 141(3)(d)(i), an auditor is disqualified to be appointed as 
an auditor if he, or his relative or partner holding any security of or 
interest in the company or its subsidiary, or of its holding or associate 
company or a subsidiary of such holding company. 
In the present case, Mr. A is holding security of ` 900 in XYZ Ltd. 
Therefore, he is not eligible for appointment as an auditor of XYZ Ltd. 
Ex 2: Mr. P is a practicing Chartered Accountant and Mr. Q, the relative 
of Mr. P, is holding securities of ABC Ltd. having face value of ` 90,000. 
Whether Mr. P is qualified from being appointed as an auditor of ABC 
Ltd.? 
As per section 141(3)(d)(i), a person is disqualified to be appointed as an 
auditor if he, or his relative or partner is holding any security of or interest 
in the company or its subsidiary, or of its holding or associate company 
or a subsidiary of such holding company. Further, as per proviso to this 
section, the relative of the person may hold the securities or interest in 
the company of face value not exceeding of ` 1,00,000. 
 
 
 
10.5 
 
THE COMPANY AUDIT  
In the present case, Mr. Q. (relative of Mr. P), is having securities of  
` 90,000 face value in ABC Ltd., which is as per requirement of proviso to 
section 141(3)(d)(i). Therefore, Mr. P will not be disqualified to be 
appointed   as an auditor of ABC Ltd. 
Ex 3: M/s BC & Co. is an Audit Firm having partners Mr. B and Mr. C, and 
Mr. A the relative of Mr. C, is holding securities of MWF Ltd. having face 
value of 
` 1,01,000. Whether M/s BC & Co. is qualified from being appointed as 
an auditor of MWF Ltd.? 
As per section 141(3)(d)(i), a person is disqualified to be appointed as an 
auditor if he, or his relative or partner is holding any security of or interest 
in the company or its subsidiary, or of its holding or associate company 
or a subsidiary of such holding company. Further as per proviso to this 
section, the relative of the person may hold the securities or interest in 
the company of face value not exceeding of ` 1,00,000. 
In the instant case, M/s BC & Co, will be disqualified for appointment as 
an auditor of MWF Ltd. as the relative of Mr. C (i.e. partner of M/s BC & 
Co.) is holding the securities in MWF Ltd. which is exceeding the limit 
mentioned in proviso to section 141(3)(d)(i). 
Ex 4: M/s RM & Co. is an audit firm having partners CA. R and CA. M. 
The firm has been offered the appointment as an auditor of Enn Ltd. for 
the Financial Year 2016-17. Mr. Bee, the relative of CA. R, is holding 5,000 
shares (face value of ` 10 each) in Enn Ltd. having market value of ` 
1,50,000. Whether M/s RM & Co. is disqualified to be appointed as 
auditors of Enn Ltd.? 
As per section 141(3)(d)(i), a person shall not be eligible for appointment 
as an auditor of a company, who, or his relative or partner is holding any 
security of or interest in the company or its subsidiary, or of its holding or 
associate company or a subsidiary of such holding company. However, as 
per proviso to this section, the relative of the person may hold the 
securities or interest in the company of face value not exceeding of  
` 1,00,000. 
In the instant case, M/s RM & Co. is an audit firm having partners CA. R 
and CA. 
M. Mr. Bee is a relative of CA. R and he is holding shares of Enn Ltd. of 
face value of ` 50,000 only (5,000 shares x ` 10 per share). 
Read More
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FAQs on The Company Audit: Notes(Part- 1) - Auditing and Ethics for CA Intermediate

1. What is a company audit?
Ans. A company audit is a systematic examination of a company's financial records, statements, and operations to ensure they are accurate, reliable, and in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. It is conducted by an independent auditor who assesses the company's internal controls, financial statements, and overall financial health.
2. Why is a company audit important?
Ans. A company audit is important for several reasons. Firstly, it provides assurance to stakeholders, such as shareholders, lenders, and investors, about the accuracy and reliability of the company's financial information. It helps in building trust and confidence in the company's financial statements. Secondly, a company audit helps in detecting and preventing fraud or mismanagement of funds within the organization. It also ensures compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, thereby reducing the risk of penalties and legal consequences.
3. What are the types of company audits?
Ans. There are different types of company audits, including financial audit, operational audit, compliance audit, and forensic audit. - Financial audit: This type of audit focuses on the examination of financial statements and records to verify their accuracy and compliance with accounting standards. - Operational audit: It evaluates the efficiency and effectiveness of a company's operations, including internal controls, risk management, and operational processes. - Compliance audit: It assesses whether the company is complying with applicable laws, regulations, and internal policies. - Forensic audit: This type of audit is conducted to investigate suspected financial irregularities, fraud, or misconduct within the company.
4. Who can conduct a company audit?
Ans. A company audit can only be conducted by a qualified and independent auditor. The auditor should possess the necessary professional qualifications, such as being a Chartered Accountant or Certified Public Accountant, and should be registered with the relevant regulatory authority. The auditor should also adhere to the professional standards and ethics set by the auditing profession.
5. What is the process of a company audit?
Ans. The process of a company audit typically involves the following steps: 1. Planning: The auditor plans the scope and objectives of the audit, identifies the key areas to be examined, and develops an audit strategy. 2. Fieldwork: The auditor collects and examines relevant financial records, such as bank statements, invoices, and vouchers. They also conduct interviews with company personnel and perform analytical procedures to assess the accuracy and completeness of financial information. 3. Testing and Evaluation: The auditor performs tests of controls and substantive tests to assess the effectiveness of internal controls and the accuracy of financial statements. They evaluate the company's compliance with applicable laws and regulations. 4. Reporting: The auditor prepares an audit report summarizing their findings, conclusions, and recommendations. The report is shared with the company's management, shareholders, and other stakeholders. 5. Follow-up: The auditor may follow up on the implementation of their recommendations and review any corrective actions taken by the company. Note: This answer is based on the assumption that the article is about the general concept of a company audit. If the article provides specific information or context, please provide additional details to tailor the answer accordingly.
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