Year 11 Exam > Year 11 Notes > Religion, Philosophy & Ethics for GCSE/IGCSE > The Theory of Evolution
The Theory of Evolution | Religion, Philosophy & Ethics for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11 PDF Download
Introduction
The Theory of Evolution is a scientific explanation for the development of species.
Origin of the Theory
In 1859, natural scientist Charles Darwin formulated the theory through extensive research, detailed in his book On the Origin of Species.
Key Concepts
- Origin of Life: As Earth cooled, conditions became suitable for life, leading to the emergence of single-celled organisms in the sea.
- Species Development: Over time, these organisms evolved into diverse species.
- Adaptation to Environments: Some species adapted to survive on land, while others developed the ability to fly.
- Genetic Variation: Individuals within a species differ due to inherited genes.
- Struggle for Survival: Species compete for resources, climate adaptation, and habitats.
- Extinction: Species that fail to adapt become extinct.
- Natural Selection: Individuals with genes enhancing survival are more likely to reproduce, passing advantageous traits to offspring. Less adapted individuals die out.
- Survival of the Fittest: Darwin described this process as "survival of the fittest," explaining why species appear well-suited to their environments.
Human and Animal Evolution
Darwin proposed that natural selection shaped humans and animals into their current forms, perfectly adapted to their environments.
Religious Perspectives
- Some religious groups reject evolution, believing God created humans and animals in their present form.
- Others accept evolution but attribute the process to divine control by God.
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FAQs on The Theory of Evolution - Religion, Philosophy & Ethics for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11
| 1. What is the basic principle behind the Theory of Evolution? |  |
Ans. The Theory of Evolution proposes that species change over time through a process called natural selection. This process suggests that individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Over generations, these advantageous traits become more common in the population, leading to the gradual evolution of species.
| 2. Who is credited with the development of the Theory of Evolution? | |
Ans. Charles Darwin is credited with the development of the Theory of Evolution. His seminal work, "On the Origin of Species," published in 1859, outlined his observations and the mechanism of natural selection, which provided a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on Earth.
| 3. How does natural selection contribute to evolution? | |
Ans. Natural selection contributes to evolution by favoring individuals that possess advantageous traits, making them more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, these traits become more prevalent in the population, leading to adaptations that enhance the species' ability to thrive in its environment. This process can result in the emergence of new species as populations diverge.
| 4. What evidence supports the Theory of Evolution? | |
Ans. Several types of evidence support the Theory of Evolution, including fossil records, which show a chronological progression of life forms; comparative anatomy, which reveals similarities in structures among different species; molecular biology, which examines genetic similarities; and observed instances of natural selection in action, such as antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
| 5. What are some common misconceptions about evolution? | |
Ans. Common misconceptions about evolution include the idea that evolution is a linear process leading to "better" organisms, that individuals can evolve within their lifetimes, and that evolution contradicts the notion of creation. In reality, evolution is a branching process that produces diverse forms, occurs over long timescales, and can coexist with various beliefs about the origins of life.
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Oct 12, 2025
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