Influx of Non-Tribals: The expansion of settled agriculture attracted non-tribals to tribal areas, leading to exploitation and loss of tribal land.
Government Control over Forest Land: Increasing demand for raw materials and railways resulted in the government's control over forest land, impacting tribal communities.
Forest Monopoly: The establishment of the Forest department and related acts established a complete government monopoly over Indian forest land.
Christian Missionaries: Viewed as extensions of colonialism, Christian missionaries were often targets of tribal rebels.
Land Revenue Settlement: Agricultural expansion by non-tribals eroded tribal traditions, leading to socio-economic differentiation.
Private Property Concept: Introduction of the notion of private property allowed the buying, selling, and mortgaging of land, causing land loss for tribals.
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