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1. What is the fundamental unit of life?
Ans. The fundamental unit of life is the cell. It is the smallest structural and functional unit of living organisms, capable of performing all life processes. Cells can exist as independent organisms, such as bacteria, or as part of multicellular organisms, like plants and animals.
2. What are the main components of a cell?
Ans. The main components of a cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles. The cell membrane surrounds the cell, providing structure and regulating the movement of substances in and out. The cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid inside the cell where organelles are suspended, and organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes, perform specific functions necessary for the cell's life.
3. How do cells reproduce?
Ans. Cells reproduce through a process called cell division. In unicellular organisms, this often occurs through binary fission, where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. In multicellular organisms, cells typically divide through mitosis (for somatic cells) or meiosis (for gametes), ensuring proper growth, development, and reproduction.
4. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Ans. Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller, lacking a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Examples include bacteria and archaea. Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex, containing a nucleus that houses genetic material and various organelles, such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Examples include plant and animal cells.
5. Why are cells considered the basic building blocks of life?
Ans. Cells are considered the basic building blocks of life because they are the smallest units that can carry out all the processes necessary for life, such as metabolism, growth, response to stimuli, and reproduction. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells, highlighting their fundamental role in the structure and function of life.
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