Water Conservation Concept | Multi Skill Foundation - Grade 10 PDF Download

 Page 1


 
 
               
 
 
    
 
SESSION 6: WATER CONSERVATION CONCEPT 
 
Every year, water is stored in dams or on bunds in the river after it rains. And 
then we also plan on how to use this stored water. However, if in some year, the 
rains are late, then all this planning goes for a toss. Then we face with challenges 
of water scarcity. To avoid this situation, it has become important to save water 
by using rain water harvesting throughout the year. We cannot continue to rely 
on traditional ways of storing water. We can increase the ground water level using 
rain water harvesting. We should stop taking rainfall for granted. 
 
Water conservation to increase ground water level: 
· Only 3% water is drinkable on earth, the rest is mostly salty. 
· Out of this 3%, 11% of drinkable water is ground water; we find it up to 800 
meters from ground. 
· Ground water is precious and rare. Its quantity is getting less because of 
irresponsible usage of it. 
· We can raise the ground water level by rainwater harvesting. 
Types of rain water harvesting: 
 
Urban area Rural area 
Storing of flowing water from 
the roof. 
Harvesting pit 
Well 
Harvesting tube. 
Stream bund 
Percolation tank 
Gambian weir 
Nula bund 
Well harvesting 
Underground bund 
Harvesting corrugated. 
Control cut trenches 
 
Rainwater harvesting technique: 
What is rainwater harvesting: We store the rainwater in rainy season. Purify it 
and reuse it is rainwater harvesting. 
 
Why to save rainwater? 
The rainwater is clean and drinkable but it is wasted if not collected. These days, 
there is shortage of drinking water. Therefore, we need to store this clean and 
pure water. 
 
Advantages of saving rainwater: 
· It is an alternate means of water supply to ground water and corporation. 
· The construction and farming would be possible in areas with no water supply 
· High quality of water: clean, pure without chemicals. 
· Zero expenditure on water supply 
· Soil erosion and flood will be less. 
Page 2


 
 
               
 
 
    
 
SESSION 6: WATER CONSERVATION CONCEPT 
 
Every year, water is stored in dams or on bunds in the river after it rains. And 
then we also plan on how to use this stored water. However, if in some year, the 
rains are late, then all this planning goes for a toss. Then we face with challenges 
of water scarcity. To avoid this situation, it has become important to save water 
by using rain water harvesting throughout the year. We cannot continue to rely 
on traditional ways of storing water. We can increase the ground water level using 
rain water harvesting. We should stop taking rainfall for granted. 
 
Water conservation to increase ground water level: 
· Only 3% water is drinkable on earth, the rest is mostly salty. 
· Out of this 3%, 11% of drinkable water is ground water; we find it up to 800 
meters from ground. 
· Ground water is precious and rare. Its quantity is getting less because of 
irresponsible usage of it. 
· We can raise the ground water level by rainwater harvesting. 
Types of rain water harvesting: 
 
Urban area Rural area 
Storing of flowing water from 
the roof. 
Harvesting pit 
Well 
Harvesting tube. 
Stream bund 
Percolation tank 
Gambian weir 
Nula bund 
Well harvesting 
Underground bund 
Harvesting corrugated. 
Control cut trenches 
 
Rainwater harvesting technique: 
What is rainwater harvesting: We store the rainwater in rainy season. Purify it 
and reuse it is rainwater harvesting. 
 
Why to save rainwater? 
The rainwater is clean and drinkable but it is wasted if not collected. These days, 
there is shortage of drinking water. Therefore, we need to store this clean and 
pure water. 
 
Advantages of saving rainwater: 
· It is an alternate means of water supply to ground water and corporation. 
· The construction and farming would be possible in areas with no water supply 
· High quality of water: clean, pure without chemicals. 
· Zero expenditure on water supply 
· Soil erosion and flood will be less. 
 
 
               
 
 
    
 
The rainwater storage is necessary, 
when 
· There is low ground water level. 
· Ground water is polluted. 
· The area is rocky and hilly. 
·  Flood and earthquake occurs 
frequently. 
· There are chances of mixing the salty 
and polluted water in water sources. 
· The population density is low 
· The charges of electricity and water 
high 
· Water is heavy with minerals.  
Fig 30 - Rain water Harvesting 
Usage of rainwater: 
1. Cooking, drinking, bathing. 
2. Toilet cleaning 
3. Washing clothes 
4. Irrigation 
5. Animal husbandry. 
Rainwater harvesting Technique: 
What is rainwater harvesting? 
The system of rainwater storage: 
There are three levels of water storage, catchment area, flow and storage. 
There are two parts of rainwater harvesting. One is store it from the roof of the 
house and use it for domestic purpose. Other is at field level near a catchment 
area and is an alternate water supply to the farms. 
Six elements of Water storage system 
1. Catchment area: House roof to collect rainwater. 
2. Flow: pipes from roof to catchment area 
3. Washing roofs: First flush diverter method to filter and omit the polluted 
particles. 
4. Storage: store clean water in the tank.  
5. Purification: Filtration should be done using sieve, ozone or using ultra violet 
rays make it suitable for use at domestic level. 
6. Distribution: distribution of water is done by small pump and pressure tank. 
Rainwater storage in rural area: 
Build common wells. Next to it on 10/12 foot, make hand pump. Avoid bathing, 
washing, excretion, washing animals, vehicles, utensils. Maintain cleanliness. 
Clean the water supply tank after every 3 years. Build horizontal weir on stream 
and small rivers. It stores the water and percolates in the ground. This water can 
be use after rainy season. Apply roof water harvesting system.