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What is Plant Breeding? Video Lecture | Biology for Grade 12

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1. What is plant breeding?
Plant breeding is the science and art of altering the genetic traits of plants in order to develop new and improved varieties. This involves selecting and crossing plants with desirable traits to create offspring with the desired characteristics.
2. Why is plant breeding important?
Plant breeding plays a crucial role in agriculture and food production. It helps in developing crops that are resistant to diseases, pests, and environmental stressors, thereby increasing yields and ensuring food security. Additionally, it contributes to the development of crops with improved nutritional content and quality, meeting the demands of a growing population.
3. How is plant breeding done?
Plant breeding involves several techniques, such as selection, hybridization, and genetic engineering. Selection is the process of choosing plants with desirable traits and propagating them. Hybridization involves crossing two different plants to combine their desirable traits in the offspring. Genetic engineering involves modifying the plant's DNA to introduce specific traits.
4. What are the challenges in plant breeding?
Plant breeding faces various challenges, including the complexity of plant genomes, limited genetic diversity in cultivated crops, and long breeding cycles. Additionally, the interaction between genes and the environment can affect the expression of desired traits, making it difficult to predict the outcomes of breeding programs accurately.
5. What are the benefits of plant breeding?
Plant breeding has numerous benefits, including increased crop productivity, improved nutritional content, and enhanced tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. It also leads to the development of disease-resistant varieties, reducing the need for pesticides and promoting sustainable agriculture practices. Furthermore, plant breeding contributes to the conservation of genetic diversity and the preservation of traditional crop varieties.
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