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What is Soil? Video Lecture | Science Olympiad Class 7

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1. What is soil made of?
Ans. Soil is made of a mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air. It consists of weathered rock particles, such as sand, silt, and clay, along with organic materials like decayed plants and animals.
2. How is soil formed?
Ans. Soil is formed through a process called weathering. Weathering is the breakdown and decomposition of rocks and minerals by physical, chemical, and biological processes over time. It involves factors such as temperature, rainfall, wind, and the activities of organisms.
3. What are the different layers of soil called?
Ans. The different layers of soil are called horizons. The topmost layer, rich in organic matter, is called the O horizon. Below that is the A horizon, which contains a mixture of minerals and organic matter. The B horizon, also known as the subsoil, is composed of accumulated minerals, and the C horizon is the parent material from which the soil is derived.
4. How does soil help plants grow?
Ans. Soil provides essential nutrients, water, and support to plants, allowing them to grow and thrive. The minerals present in soil, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, are vital for plant growth. Soil also retains water, which plants can absorb through their roots. The texture and structure of soil provide stability for plant roots and allow for the exchange of gases with the atmosphere.
5. How can soil be conserved?
Ans. Soil conservation involves various practices to prevent soil erosion, degradation, and loss of fertility. Some effective methods include contour plowing, terracing, crop rotation, and cover cropping. These techniques help to reduce water runoff, control erosion, improve soil structure, and maintain nutrient levels. Additionally, minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can also contribute to soil conservation efforts.
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