Why were animals useful in World War One? | History for Year 6 PDF Download

Why were animals useful in World War One?

• Before 1914, wars primarily involved cavalry units, with soldiers fighting on horseback. However, during World War One, both sides quickly discovered that muddy terrain, barbed wire, and machine guns rendered cavalry charges impractical. Instead, millions of horses were employed to transport people and supplies.
• Beyond horses, various animals played significant roles as workers and mascots during the war.

How were animals used for work?

Different animals were well-suited for specific tasks, such as guarding trenches, locating wounded soldiers, and delivering messages. Horses, in particular, were vital for carrying injured soldiers or heavy weaponry. They needed to be strong to bear the weight of fully equipped soldiers. Tragically, around 8 million horses from all sides perished during the conflict.

Pets, Mascots, and Livestock During the War

Numerous animals became cherished companions for soldiers during World War I. One notable example is Jimmy 'The Sergeant,' a donkey born during the Battle of the Somme. Despite being wounded three times, Jimmy learned to salute by raising his hoof. After the war, he helped raise thousands of pounds for the RSPCA charity.

Soldiers and Rats

Not all animals were welcomed. Rats thrived in the trenches, feeding on rotting food and reproducing rapidly, with some capable of producing up to 900 offspring annually. Soldiers despised them for their odor and role in spreading diseases, attempting to eliminate them with clubs, bayonets, and even firearms. However, rats occasionally proved useful, as soldiers noticed they would flee before an enemy attack, inadvertently warning them of approaching danger.

How did life change for animals and soldiers?

Animals were indispensable to both sides in World War One, performing critical tasks and boosting morale. Caring for animals allowed soldiers to express compassion, fostering emotional resilience in harsh conditions.

How are animals remembered?

• In 2004, a memorial was unveiled in London to honor animals that served and died in wars, including those in World War One. 
• Funded by a national appeal, it features two inscriptions: one dedicating the memorial to all animals that served alongside British and Allied forces in various conflicts, and another noting, “They had no choice,” highlighting their involuntary sacrifice.