Worksheet Solution: People as Resource Class 9 Worksheet Economics

Multiple Choice Questions

Q1: Why is literacy rate low among the females?
(a) lack of equal education opportunities
(b) lack of transport facilities
(c) lack of infrastructure
(d) lack of income
Ans: (a)

• Lack of equal educational opportunities: Many females do not have the same access to education as males.
• Insufficient transportation facilities: Poor transport options can hinder girls from attending school.
• Inadequate infrastructure: Many schools lack the necessary facilities to support female students.
• Low income levels: Families with limited financial resources may prioritise boys' education over girls'.

Q2: In which state was the literacy rate highest as per 2001 study?
(a) Kerala
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Bihar
(d) Orissa
Ans: (a)

• The state with the highest literacy rate according to the 2001 census is Kerala.

Q3: Which of the following is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all the children in the age group of 6-14 years?
(a) Sarva Siksha Abhiyan
(b) Adult Education Programme
(c) Mid-day meal
(d) Mid-day meal
Ans: (a)

• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is a key initiative aimed at providing elementary education to all children aged 6-14 years.
• This programme was launched by the Central Government in collaboration with State Governments and local communities.
• Its goal is to achieve universal access to elementary education by 2010.
• Additional measures include bridge courses and back-to-school camps to boost enrolment.
• The Mid-day Meal Scheme supports this initiative by improving attendance and children's nutrition.

Q4: Market activity refers to production for
(a) exchange
(b) earning income
(c) earning profit
(d) All the above
Ans: (d)
Market activity primarily refers to production aimed at:

• Exchange - Selling goods or services in the market.
• Earning income - Generating revenue for individuals or businesses.
• Generating profit - Creating financial gain beyond costs.

All these aspects are essential for understanding market activities.

Q5: Increase in longevity of life is an indicator of--
(a) good quality of life
(b) improvement in health sector
(c) better HDI (Human Development Index)
(d) All the above
Ans: (a)

Q6: One who can read and write in any language with understanding is termed as
(a) student
(b) adult
(c) child
(d) literate
Ans: (d)

Q7: What is India’s position in scientific and technical manpower in the world?
(a) first
(b) second
(c) third
(d) fourth
Ans: (c)

Q8: Investment in human capital is expenditure on
(a) education
(b) training
(c) medical care
(d) All the above
Ans: (d)

Q9: The scheme for the establishment of residential schools to impart education to talented children from rural areas is
(a) Kendriya Vidyalayas
(b) Navodaya Vidyalayas
(c) Sarvodaya Vidyalayas
(d) None of the aboves
Ans: (b)

Q10: Services of housewives are included in
(a) national income
(b) domestic income
(c) household income
(d) none of the above
Ans: (d) 

Very Short Answer Questions

Q1. Which factor decides the growth rate of a country?
Ans: The quality of the population ultimately decides the growth rate of the country.

Q2. What is the full form of GNP?
Ans: Gross National Product

Q3: In which case women get paid for their work?
Ans: Women are paid for their work when they enter the labour market.

Q4: What is the name of the school set in each district by the government for the talented students of rural areas?
Ans: Navodaya Vidyalaya

Q5: What is infant mortality rate?
Ans: Infant mortality rate is the death of a child under one year of age.
Q6: Which is the most labour absorbing sector of the Indian economy?
Ans: Agriculture is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy.

Q7: What is called work force?
Ans: The workforce population includes people from 15 years to 59 years.

Q8: What kinds of jobs attract women in organised sector?
Ans: Among the organised sector, teaching and medicine attract them the most.

Q9: What is death rate?
Ans: Death rate is the number of people per 1,000 who die during a particular period of time.

Q10. When does population become human capital?
Ans: Population becomes human capital when there is investment made in the form of education, training and medical care.

Short Answer Questions

Q1: What do you understand by 'people as a resource'?
Ans:  People can make the best use of nature to create more resources when they have the knowledge, skill and technology to do so. This is why human beings are considered a resource. It is the abilities of human beings which help in transferring a physical material into a valuable resource.
'People as a resource' is a way of referring to a country's working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. The idea of people as a resource is linked to the concept of human capital - i.e., the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in a population. Any production of goods and services requires the presence of the four factors of production, namely land, labour, physical capital and human capital. The knowledge and enterprise provided by the human capital puts together the other three factors to produce an output. Population becomes an asset instead of a liability when investments are made in the form of education, training and medical care.

• Utilisation of Resources: Human resources actively use land and physical capital to create outputs. In contrast, land and capital cannot function independently.
• Productivity Enhancement: Investment in human capital, such as education and training, leads to higher productivity and income.
• Adaptability: Humans can adapt and innovate, making them more versatile than static resources like land.
• Multiplier Effect: The benefits of a skilled and healthy workforce extend beyond individuals, positively impacting society as a whole.

• An educated population is a valuable resource for the economy.
• Educated individuals can use resources and opportunities more effectively than those who are uneducated.
• Education significantly influences an individual's earning potential in the job market.
• It improves both the quantity and quality of productivity, contributing to economic growth.
• Educated individuals often promote the importance of education, benefiting society as a whole.
• The advantages of education extend beyond individuals to their communities, creating a positive impact.
• Education acts as a catalyst, transforming individuals into valuable assets for the nation.

• Human capital refers to the skills and knowledge that people possess.
• While education and training are important, they are not enough if the population is unhealthy.
• An unhealthy population cannot reach its full potential, making it a liability rather than an asset.
• Good health enables individuals to work effectively and contribute to the economy.
• Investment in health leads to higher productivity and better economic outcomes.
• Improving health services and nutrition is vital for enhancing overall well-being.

Thus, health is a foundational element for achieving personal and societal success.

• Realise potential: Good health enables individuals to reach their full potential.
• Combat illness: Healthy individuals can better resist diseases.
• Enhance efficiency: Healthy workers are generally more efficient and productive than their unhealthy counterparts.
• Contribute to growth: A healthy workforce is vital for the overall growth of an organisation.

Long Answer Questions

Q1: Which capital would you consider the best-land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?
Ans: Among land, labour, physical capital and human capital, human capital will be considered the best capital because it is an active factor of production whereas all the other three are passive factors of production.
It is the human capital which produces the goods and services by combining the other three factors of production because these three factors will be useless without human capital. But at the same time, we can’t ignore these three factors as all factors are compliments of each other.
The quality of human capital can also be improved by investing in the value adding measures like education. The value off other resources generally depreciates with time but as through time human capital gains experience, thus its value and efficacy increase.

Q2: What do you understand by "people as a resource'?
Ans: People as a resource refers to viewing the population of a country as an asset due to their productive skills and abilities. This perspective highlights several key points:

• The population contributes significantly to the Gross National Product.
• A growing population can be beneficial if individuals work efficiently, aiding in national growth.
• Investment in education, training, and healthcare transforms the population into human capital.
• Human capital formation enhances the productive capacity of a nation, similar to physical capital.

By investing in people, society gains not only through higher incomes but also through improved overall well-being, which benefits everyone, even those not directly involved in education or healthcare.

Q3: Why is educated unemployed a peculiar problem in India?
Ans: India faces a significant issue of educated unemployment, particularly in urban areas. Many young individuals with matriculation, graduation, and even post-graduation degrees struggle to find jobs. This problem is peculiar for several reasons:

• Investment in Skills: There has been substantial national investment in training and skill development. When graduates cannot find jobs, this investment yields no returns, hindering national development.
• Large Workforce: India has one of the largest workforces globally. However, this advantage becomes a liability when many are unemployed, placing a burden on the working population.
• Surplus of Labour: A significant number of individuals experience disguised unemployment, where they appear to be employed but are not contributing effectively to the economy.
• Economic Slowdown: The rise in educated unemployment slows down economic activities, which could otherwise create more job opportunities.
• Social Impact: Unemployment leads to feelings of hopelessness among youth, affecting their ability to support families and contributing to a decline in overall quality of life.
• Resource Waste: Unemployed educated individuals represent a waste of potential human resources, which could have been utilised for economic growth.

In summary, educated unemployment in India is a complex issue that not only affects individuals but also has broader implications for the economy and society.

Q4: What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Ans: Role of health in human capital formation:

• Health is as crucial as education for human capital formation.
• It encompasses a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
• A healthy individual can work effectively, while poor health can hinder productivity.
• Workers with health issues often experience frequent illnesses, affecting their job performance.
• Good health is vital for economic growth, as it enables individuals to reach their full potential.
• Improving the health of the population is a national priority.
• Policies focus on enhancing access to healthcare, family welfare, and nutrition, especially for the underprivileged.
• Over the last five decades, India has developed extensive health infrastructure and trained personnel across various sectors.
• These efforts have led to an increase in life expectancy, reaching over 67.2 years in 2021.
• Investment in human capital through education and health yields significant returns, similar to physical capital investments.
• A healthier population contributes to higher productivity and income, benefiting society as a whole.

Q5: In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?
Ans: India can create significant employment opportunities in the manufacturing sector, also known as the secondary sector. Here are some key points:

• Establishing a single manufacturing unit can employ multiple skilled workers.
• This sector can stimulate economic growth by enhancing the standard of living for those involved.
• Manufacturing can lead to a cycle of job creation, benefiting the local community.

Overall, focusing on manufacturing can greatly improve employment rates in India.