Worksheet Solutions: Displacing Indigenous Peoples | History Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Fill in the Blanks

Q1: The American empires of Spain and Portugal did not expand after the ______ century.
Ans: 17th
After the 17th century, the expansion of the American empires of Spain and Portugal ceased. This indicates the time period when their influence declined.

Q2: Settlers in South Africa were primarily referred to as ______.
Ans: Dutch
The term 'Settler' is used for the Dutch in South Africa, referring to the European settlers who established colonies there.

Q3: The natives in North America believed in a ______ economy.
Ans: subsistence
The natives in North America practiced a subsistence economy, where they produced only enough to meet their immediate needs and did not engage in market-oriented trade.

Q4: The Europeans gave the natives blankets, iron vessels, guns, and ______ in exchange for local products.
Ans: alcohol
Europeans traded with the natives, offering them various items, including alcohol, in exchange for local products. The introduction of alcohol had a significant impact on native communities.

Q5: The 'Gold Rush' in the USA began when traces of gold were found in ______.
Ans: California
The 'Gold Rush' in the USA began in the 1840s when traces of gold were discovered in California, leading to a rush of eager European immigrants.

Q6: The Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934 in the USA granted natives in reservations the right to ______.
Ans: buy land and take loans
The Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934 aimed to improve the conditions of Native Americans by allowing them to buy land and take loans, thereby granting them more control over their reservations.

Q7: The 'Declaration of Indian Rights' in 1954 allowed some native peoples to accept ______ citizenship.
Ans: US
In 1954, the 'Declaration of Indian Rights' allowed certain Native American tribes to accept U.S. citizenship, marking a significant change in their legal status.

Q8: In Australia, the 'White Australia' policy ended in ______.
Ans: 1968
The 'White Australia' policy, which restricted non-European immigration, officially ended in 1968, making way for more inclusive immigration policies.

Match the Columns

Q1: Match the items in Column A with those in Column B.

Ans: 1. Aborigines matched with D. Land-bridge to Australia from New Guinea
Aborigines are the indigenous people of Australia who migrated to the continent over 40,000 years ago, likely from New Guinea via a land-bridge.
2. Terra nullius matched with G. British explorer who reached Botany Bay
Terra nullius was a legal concept used to claim that Australia was unoccupied, and it was declared legally invalid in 1992. James Cook was the British explorer who reached Botany Bay in 1770.
3. Indian Reorganisation Act (1934) matched with F. The right to buy land and take loans
The Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934 granted Native Americans in reservations the right to buy land and take loans, promoting economic autonomy.
4. James Cook matched with H. Official Australian policy on immigration
James Cook's exploration of Australia in 1770 was part of British colonial expansion, contributing to the later immigration policies of Australia.
5. The Great Australian Silence matched with B. The 'Great Australian Silence'
'The Great Australian Silence' is a term that refers to the historical silence of Australian historians about the indigenous Aborigines.
6. Multiculturalism matched with E. Native communities in Australia
Multiculturalism in Australia represents an official policy that respects both the native cultures of Aboriginal people and the cultures of immigrants from Europe and Asia.
7. 'Sorry Day' (1999) matched with C. Native claims to land from before 1770
'Sorry Day' in 1999 was observed as an apology for the injustices done to Aboriginal people, acknowledging their claims to land from before 1770.
8. National Enquiry (1995) matched with A. The Tasmanian islands
The National Enquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families in 1995 addressed the mistreatment of indigenous children. The Tasmanian islands were named after Abel Janszoon Tasman, an early Dutch explorer.

Assertion and Reason Based

Q1: Assertion: The American empires of Spain and Portugal did not expand after the seventeenth century.
Reason: Other European countries like France, Holland, and Britain began to extend trade activities and establish colonies in America, Africa, and Asia.
(a) The reason is true, and it explains the assertion.
(b) The reason is true, but it does not explain the assertion.
(c) The reason is false.
(d) The assertion is false.
Ans: (a)
The assertion is supported by the reason. The decline of Spanish and Portuguese empires allowed other European nations to expand and establish colonies.

Q2: Assertion: Native peoples in North America were friendly and welcoming to Europeans.
Reason: Europeans gave the natives blankets, iron vessels, guns, and alcohol in exchange for local products.
(a) The reason is true, and it explains the assertion.
(b) The reason is true, but it does not explain the assertion.
(c) The reason is false.
(d) The assertion is false.
Ans: (a)
The assertion is true, and the reason explains that the natives' friendliness towards Europeans was influenced by the trade of various items, including alcohol.

Q3: Assertion: The Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934 allowed natives in reservations the right to buy land and take loans.
Reason: This act aimed to assimilate natives into mainstream American society.
(a) The reason is true, and it explains the assertion.
(b) The reason is true, but it does not explain the assertion.
(c) The reason is false.
(d) The assertion is false.
Ans: (a)
The Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934 was designed to improve the socio-economic conditions of Native Americans and grant them more autonomy, as stated in the reason.

Q4: Assertion: The 'White Australia' policy in Australia ended in 1968.
Reason: Australia adopted a policy of multiculturalism, giving equal respect to native cultures and immigrant cultures.
(a) The reason is true, and it explains the assertion.
(b) The reason is true, but it does not explain the assertion.
(c) The reason is false.
(d) The assertion is false.
Ans: (a)
The assertion is true, and the reason correctly states that the end of the 'White Australia' policy led to the adoption of multiculturalism in Australia.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: What drove people to establish colonies in various parts of the world?
Ans: The prospect of profit drove people to establish colonies in various parts of the world, including America, Africa, and Asia.

Q2: What was the impact of Europeans introducing alcohol to Native Americans?
Ans: The introduction of alcohol by Europeans to Native Americans had a significant impact, as it led to addiction and allowed Europeans to dictate trade terms.

Q3: What was the significance of the 'Gold Rush' in the USA?
Ans: The 'Gold Rush' in the USA led to the rapid influx of people in the hope of finding gold, resulting in the development of railways and industries.

Q4: Why were democratic rights denied to native peoples in British colonies in America?
Ans: Democratic rights were denied to native peoples in British colonies in America, as these rights were reserved for white men.

Q5: Who played a key role in the abolition of slavery in the USA?
Ans: American President Abraham Lincoln played a key role in the abolition of slavery in the USA.

Q6: What is 'Terra nullius' in the Australian context?
Ans: In the Australian context, 'Terra nullius' was the legal notion that the land was unoccupied, which was declared legally invalid in 1992.

Q7: When did the 'White Australia' policy come to an end?
Ans: The 'White Australia' policy ended in 1968, marking a shift in Australia's immigration policies.

Q8: What is the significance of 'Sorry Day' in Australia?
Ans: 'Sorry Day' in Australia is significant as it served as an apology for the unjust separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: Discuss the nature of control over colonies in South Asia by trading companies and their impact.
Ans: Nature of Control in South Asia: Trading companies in South Asia became powerful political entities, defeating rulers and retaining administrative systems. They collected taxes, built railways, excavated mines, and established plantations. This control varied from region to region but was driven by the profit motive.

Q2: Compare and contrast the perspectives of American natives and Europeans regarding trade, nature, and the environment.
Ans: Comparison of American Natives and Europeans:

• Natives: The natives were often perceived as 'uncivilized noble savages.' They viewed the goods exchanged with Europeans as gifts offered in friendship, were not market-oriented, and were critical of European greed. They had a spiritual connection with the environment and believed in the balance of nature.
• Europeans: Europeans were considered civilized due to literacy, organized religion, and urbanism. They viewed goods as commodities for profit and assessed everything in the market context. They often exploited the environment and wildlife to further their economic interests.

Q3: Explain the impact of the 'Gold Rush' on the growth of industries and the development of the USA.
Ans: Impact of the 'Gold Rush': The discovery of gold in California in the 1840s led to a significant economic and industrial boom in the USA. This event triggered the building of railway lines across the continent and the development of industries to manufacture railway equipment and machinery for large-scale farming. This, in turn, led to employment generation, the growth of towns and factories, and transformed the USA into a leading industrial power by 1890.

Q4: Describe the changes in Australian immigration policies from the 'White Australia' policy to multiculturalism.
Ans: Changes in Australian Immigration Policies: Australia transitioned from the 'White Australia' policy to multiculturalism in 1968. Under the 'White Australia' policy, non-European immigration was restricted. However, in 1968, the policy ended, and multiculturalism became the official policy. This change allowed for the inclusion of various cultures, including those of native Aboriginal people and immigrants from Europe and Asia.

Q5: Analyze the factors that led to the improvement in the status of native peoples in the USA and Canada from the 1920s onwards.
Ans: Improvement in Status of Native Peoples in the USA and Canada: From the 1920s onwards, white Americans felt sympathy for native peoples. The Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934 granted some rights to natives. In the 1950s and 1960s, both the US and Canadian governments aimed to end special provisions for natives, hoping they would 'join the mainstream.' These changes recognized the importance of native rights, culminating in the Constitution Act of 1982 in Canada, which acknowledged existing aboriginal and treaty rights.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1: Discuss the historical context and consequences of the Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934 in the USA.
Ans: Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934:

• Historical Context: The Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934, also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act, was a significant piece of legislation in the USA. It was passed during the New Deal era and aimed to address the socioeconomic conditions of Native American reservations.
• Consequences: The Act granted Native Americans in reservations the right to buy land and take loans, which allowed them greater autonomy and control over their lands. It also sought to preserve and revitalize native cultures and governance structures.
• Impact: The Act had a mixed impact. While it improved economic opportunities for some tribes, it was met with resistance from others who believed it interfered with their self-governance. Overall, it represented an important shift in US policy toward Native Americans.

Q2: Evaluate the importance of the Australian High Court's recognition of native claims to land from before 1770 and its impact on indigenous rights in Australia.
Ans: Recognition of Native Claims in Australia:

• Historical Context: The Australian High Court's recognition of native claims to land from before 1770 was a pivotal moment in Australia's indigenous rights movement. Before this recognition, the legal concept of 'Terra nullius' had been used to assert that Australia was unoccupied by indigenous people when Europeans arrived in 1770.
• Impact: The recognition of native claims to land before 1770 was a significant milestone in acknowledging the historical and ongoing connection of Aboriginal people to their traditional lands. It invalidated the previous notion of 'Terra nullius' and established a legal basis for indigenous land rights.
• Importance: This recognition represented a step toward addressing historical injustices and paved the way for negotiations, land agreements, and reconciliation between the Australian government and indigenous communities. It also highlighted the importance of respecting indigenous rights worldwide.