Worksheet Solutions: Social Movements | Sociology Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

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Q1: Social movements aim to achieve specific objectives that require long-term, ongoing _______ and effort.
Ans: Social action
Social movements require sustained, collective action and effort over an extended period to achieve their goals.

Q2: _______ movements seek to undo or reverse previous actions and change people's perspectives on a particular issue.
Ans: Redemptive
Redemptive movements focus on reversing past actions and transforming individuals' beliefs and attitudes.

Q3: The Theory of _______ Deprivation suggests that when a particular group's basic needs are not met, they may trigger a social movement.
Ans: Relative
The theory highlights that social movements can arise when a group perceives deprivation relative to others, motivating them to act.

Q4: Meetings, campaigns, and different forms of protest are important actions in social movements, aside from _______.
Ans: Demonstrations
Social movements involve diverse activities such as meetings, campaigns, and protests, not limited to demonstrations alone.

Q5: __________ is a key factor in the Theory of Collective Action, as people are unlikely to join a movement if they do not see potential benefits.
Ans: Self-interest
Individuals are motivated to participate in social movements when they perceive personal benefits or gains.

Q6: The oppositional movements that aim to defend the status quo are known as _______ movements.
Ans: Counter
Counter movements seek to maintain existing social conditions and resist change advocated by other movements.

Q7: Social movements can create new resources and identities, which is not accounted for in the _______ Mobilisation Theory.
Ans: Resource
Resource Mobilisation Theory does not fully consider the ability of social movements to generate new resources and identities during their course.

Q8: The French Revolution occurred during a time of suffering, depression, and a longing for _______ and equality.
Ans: Freedom
The French Revolution was triggered by social, economic, and political hardships, with a desire for freedom and equality.

Q9: __________ movements prioritize quality of life issues such as a clean environment over altering power distribution in society.
Ans: New
New social movements focus on improving quality of life and social well-being, often addressing environmental concerns.

Q10: Gandhi employed cutting-edge tactics such as ahimsa, satyagraha, and the use of the _______ during India's struggle for freedom.
Ans: Charkha
Gandhi utilized nonviolent resistance (ahimsa) and civil disobedience (satyagraha) along with economic self-reliance symbolized by the charkha (spinning wheel) to lead the Indian freedom movement.

Assertion and Reason Based

Q1: Assertion: Social movements focus on changing specific aspects of society within a nation.
Reason: Social movements are limited to national boundaries.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
Ans: (b)
While social movements do focus on changing specific aspects of society within a nation, they are not necessarily limited to national boundaries. Social movements can have international impacts and collaborations, especially in the age of globalization. Therefore, the Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion.

Q2: Assertion: The Theory of Relative Deprivation suggests that social movements arise solely from material deprivation.
Reason: Social movements do not necessarily result from deprivation alone; other factors may be involved.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
Ans: (b)
The Assertion is true as the Theory of Relative Deprivation suggests that social movements can be triggered when a particular group perceives their basic needs are not met. However, the Reason is also true because social movements are complex and can arise from a combination of factors including deprivation, social injustice, political issues, and more. Material deprivation is just one aspect that might trigger a movement.

Q3: Assertion: The New Social Movements prioritize quality of life issues.
Reason: Dissatisfaction with parliamentary democracy led to the rise of new social movements.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
Ans: (a)
The Assertion is true; New Social Movements do prioritize quality of life issues such as environmental concerns and social justice. The Reason is also true, as dissatisfaction with existing political systems and structures has indeed contributed to the rise of these movements, especially in cases where traditional political systems were perceived as ineffective in addressing these quality of life issues.

Q4: Assertion: Social movements are solely the result of deprivation, collective action, or resource mobilization.
Reason: Many factors such as historical context, culture, and leadership may also play a significant role in social movements.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
Ans: (b)
The Assertion is true in part, as deprivation, collective action, and resource mobilization are important factors in social movements. However, the Reason is also true. Social movements are complex and multifaceted phenomena, influenced by various factors including historical context, culture, leadership, and more. These factors interact in intricate ways, making it incorrect to state that social movements are solely the result of deprivation, collective action, or resource mobilization.

Q5: Assertion: Social movements can create new resources and identities that are not reliant on existing ones.
Reason: Resource Mobilization Theory takes into account the creation of new resources by social movements.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
Ans: (a)
Both the Assertion and Reason are true. Social movements can indeed create new resources and identities, which might not be dependent on existing structures. Resource Mobilization Theory acknowledges the mobilization of new resources, including human resources, which contribute to the movement's ability to create change. Therefore, the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: Name one tactic employed by social movements aside from demonstrations.
Ans: Meetings.

Q2: Who proposed the Theory of Collective Action?
Ans: Mancur Olson.

Q3: What does the Theory of Relative Deprivation suggest?
Ans: When a particular group's basic needs are not met, they may trigger a social movement.

Q4: Give an example of a redemptive movement.
Ans: Anti-Brahmin Movement founded by Shree Narayan.

Q5: Name one resource mentioned in the Resource Mobilisation Theory.
Ans: People.

Q6: Which movement focused on fighting against discrimination and untouchability?
Ans: Dalit Movement.

Q7: Who wrote the book "Unquiet Woods" documenting the Chipko movement?
Ans: Ramachandra Guha.

Q8: What does AITUC stand for in the context of workers' movement in India?
Ans: All India Trade Union Congress.

Q9: Name one characteristic of reformist movements.
Ans: Aims to change people's attitudes and beliefs towards a specific issue.

Q10: What were the tactics employed by the New Farmers Movement in West Bengal?
Ans: Bandhs, railroads, and blocked roads.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: Explain the Theory of Relative Deprivation and its role in social movements.
Ans: The Theory of Relative Deprivation suggests that when a particular group's basic needs are not met, they become resentful and feel deprived, triggering a social movement. It highlights the importance of perceived deprivation relative to others. This theory posits that not all types of deprivation lead to social movements; it's the perception of relative deprivation that instigates collective action.

Q2: Describe the characteristics of a redemptive social movement.
Ans: Redemptive movements seek to undo or reverse previous actions and change people's perspectives on a particular issue. They aim for a fundamental transformation in individuals' beliefs and attitudes. These movements are often deeply rooted in cultural or religious contexts and strive for spiritual or moral change alongside social change.

Q3: Explain the Resource Mobilisation Theory and its limitations.
Ans: Resource Mobilisation Theory suggests that a social movement's success depends on its ability to mobilise resources such as people, leaders, finances, and political support. However, it has limitations as it doesn't account for the creation of new resources by social movements. Movements can generate fresh ideas, identities, and resources during their course, which are not reliant on existing ones.

Q4: Discuss the role of meetings in social movements.
Ans: Meetings in social movements serve as platforms to mobilize the public around important issues. They facilitate discussions, strategizing, and coordination among members. Meetings are crucial for building solidarity, sharing information, and fostering a sense of belonging among participants. They provide a structured environment for brainstorming ideas and planning actions.

Q5: Explain the importance of leadership in social movements.
Ans: Leadership in social movements provides direction, vision, and organizational structure. Effective leaders inspire and motivate members, ensuring that the movement stays focused on its goals. They make decisions, coordinate actions, and represent the movement to the external world. Leadership instills confidence and unity among participants, enhancing the movement's effectiveness.

Q6: Describe the characteristics of the workers' movement during the colonial era in India.
Ans: During the colonial era, workers in cities like Calcutta, Bombay, and Chennai faced issues related to pay and working conditions. They formed associations called trade unions to represent their interests collectively. Initially, protests were localized, but as the national movement gained strength, the workers' movement also grew. Textile strikes and other workers' protests became prominent, leading to the establishment of organizations like the Textile Labor Association (TLA) and the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC). These movements played a significant role in advocating for workers' rights.

Q7: Explain the characteristics of reformist social movements.
Ans: Reformist movements aim to change people's attitudes and beliefs towards a specific issue in society. Unlike revolutionary movements, reformist movements do not seek radical or extreme changes in the existing social order. Instead, they focus on gradual, incremental changes through peaceful means. Reformist movements often work within the existing legal and political frameworks, advocating for policy changes, social reforms, and public awareness campaigns to address specific issues.

Q8: Discuss the significance of the Dalit Movement in India.
Ans: The Dalit Movement in India was unique as it focused on the fight for dignity and self-respect, aiming to combat discrimination and abolish the concept of untouchability. Unlike some other movements, the Dalit Movement sought broader societal changes beyond its immediate concerns. It emphasized the need for employment, wages, and social recognition. Various forms of literature, such as poems, plays, and stories, were used effectively to highlight Dalits' struggles, making it a powerful cultural and social movement advocating for change.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1: Explain the different types of social movements and provide examples for each type.
Ans: Social movements can be categorized into three main types: reformist, revolutionary, and redemptive. Reformist movements aim to bring gradual changes within the existing social order. Examples include movements advocating for women's rights or environmental conservation. Revolutionary movements seek radical and often violent changes in society, aiming to overthrow the existing political or social structure. Historical examples include the Indian National Army led by Subash Chandra Bose and the French Revolution. Redemptive movements aim to undo or reverse previous actions and change people's perspectives on a particular issue. The Anti-Brahmin Movement founded by Shree Narayan is an example of a redemptive movement.

Q2: Discuss the role of social movements in addressing the concerns of marginalized groups, with a focus on the Dalit Movement in India.
Ans: Social movements play a vital role in addressing the concerns of marginalized groups, providing them with a platform to voice their grievances and demand change. The Dalit Movement in India, specifically, focused on combating discrimination and untouchability. It sought dignity, self-respect, and social recognition for Dalits. The movement utilized various forms of literature and cultural expressions to highlight the struggles faced by Dalits. Additionally, it advocated for broader issues such as employment and wages, making it a multifaceted movement. By raising awareness and challenging societal norms, the Dalit Movement contributed significantly to social change in India.

Q3: Examine the limitations of social movement theories, using examples to illustrate your points.
Ans: Social movement theories provide valuable insights into the dynamics of collective action, but they have limitations. For instance, the Theory of Relative Deprivation highlights the role of perceived deprivation in triggering social movements. However, not all movements can be explained solely by this theory. Historical and cultural contexts, as well as leadership, can significantly influence movements. Similarly, the Resource Mobilisation Theory focuses on mobilizing resources for movement success. Still, it does not account for the creative ways movements generate new resources and identities, as seen in grassroots initiatives. These theories, while useful, cannot fully capture the complexity and diversity of social movements.

Q4: Discuss the evolution of social movements in India, comparing old movements organized under political parties with new movements prioritizing quality of life issues.
Ans: In India, social movements have undergone significant evolution. During the colonial period, movements like the Indian National Movement were organized under political parties like the Indian National Congress. These old movements aimed at political independence and social reform. In contrast, dissatisfaction with parliamentary democracy led to the rise of new movements in the 1970s. These new movements prioritize quality of life issues such as environmental conservation over altering power structures. Movements like the Chipko Movement exemplify this shift, focusing on ecological concerns. Additionally, many new movements have international focuses and collaborate on global issues. The emergence of these new movements signifies a shift from traditional political activism to broader social and environmental concerns, reflecting changing societal priorities.