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Page 1 XII Organic Chemistry Conversions Road Map EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station Page 2 XII Organic Chemistry Conversions Road Map EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station Page 3 XII Organic Chemistry Conversions Road Map EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station Page 4 XII Organic Chemistry Conversions Road Map EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU Station Call: 3200 3200 EDU StationRead More
FAQs on XII-Organic-Chemistry-Conversions-Road-Map - Class 12
| 1. What are some commonly used conversions in organic chemistry? |  |
| 2. How can alkanes be converted into alcohols? | |
Ans. Alkanes can be converted into alcohols by using various methods. One common method is the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes. Alkenes can be prepared by the elimination of a halogen from alkyl halides. The alkenes are then reacted with water in the presence of a strong acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid. The acid protonates the alkene, making it more susceptible to attack by water. A water molecule adds to the alkene, resulting in the formation of an alcohol. This conversion is commonly used in the industrial production of alcohols.
| 3. What is the process of converting alcohols to alkenes? | |
Ans. The process of converting alcohols to alkenes is called dehydration. Dehydration of alcohols involves the removal of a water molecule from the alcohol molecule to form an alkene. This reaction can be achieved by heating the alcohol in the presence of a strong acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid. The acid protonates the alcohol, making it more susceptible to dehydration. The protonated alcohol loses a water molecule, resulting in the formation of an alkene. Dehydration of alcohols is an important reaction in organic synthesis and is commonly used to prepare alkenes for further reactions.
| 4. How can alkenes be converted into alcohols? | |
Ans. Alkenes can be converted into alcohols by the addition of water in the presence of a strong acid catalyst. This process is known as hydration. The double bond in the alkene is broken, and a hydroxyl group (-OH) is added to each carbon atom that was part of the double bond. The reaction is typically carried out by mixing the alkene with water and adding a strong acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid. The acid protonates the alkene, making it more susceptible to attack by water. The water molecule adds to the alkene, resulting in the formation of an alcohol.
| 5. What are some methods to convert aldehydes or ketones to alcohols? | |
Ans. There are several methods to convert aldehydes or ketones to alcohols. Two commonly used methods are:
1. Reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4): Aldehydes or ketones can be reduced to their corresponding alcohols by treating them with sodium borohydride in the presence of a solvent, such as ethanol or methanol. Sodium borohydride acts as a mild reducing agent and adds a hydride ion (H-) to the carbonyl carbon, resulting in the formation of an alcohol.
2. Reduction with lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4): Aldehydes or ketones can also be reduced to alcohols using a stronger reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride. LiAlH4 can be used to reduce a wide range of functional groups, including carbonyl compounds. The reduction involves the transfer of a hydride ion (H-) from LiAlH4 to the carbonyl carbon, leading to the formation of an alcohol.
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