Fungi : Characteristics & Structure Video Lecture - NEET

hello friends this video on biological
classification part 14 is brought to you
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so now we are going to talk about the
next Kingdom that is fun right now fun
guy is going to be a very important
Kingdom in terms of its diversity in
terms of its variety and also we we see
that here the organisms will have a very
specific lifecycle in terms of their
modes of reproduction so let us see as
we go ahead we'll get to know more about
fungi well now before we start our
discussion on fungi first let us see
where to be commonly see fungi there are
certain organisms which we actually come
across in our day-to-day life and but we
do not know that they are from life so
let us look at some common examples of
fun right have you ever seen that when a
vegetable like a tomato the rottens what
happens you see these kind of thin hair
like structures growing out around it
right so what is that that is nothing
but fun right
similarly you would have I think many of
you must be having mushroom as a part of
your food because it is considered
edible so what is this mushroom mushroom
is nothing but a fungi similarly a
rotten orange again it gets covered with
a the orange color disappears and it
gets covered with a creamy creamy SH
greenish color so what is that growth
which happens on the surface of the
orange that is nothing but
fungi so these are some of the fungi
which is always present somewhere around
us so now in this topic we are going to
study about the fungi in details their
nutrition they are mode of reproduction
their structured cell wall so we are
going to talk about all such stuffs so
let us first talk about the
characteristic of fungi a fungi are
eukaryotes that is they have specific
membrane bounds and organelles and
distinct nucleus multicellular that is
made up of multiple cells however there
is an exception to it that is East so
East is a unicellular fungi other than
East all other fungi are multicellular
so do you see that there is a promotion
when we started with the first Kingdom
that is Monera they were prokaryotes
unicellular then we went to the next
kingdom Protista
they with eukaryotes but still
unicellular but now we came to fungi
they're eukaryotes and multicellular so
as we go ahead with each Kingdom we see
that the complexity of the organisms
increases because if the organisms are
multicellular obviously they are going
to be more complex because now one cell
is not going to perform all the body
functions okay so the next property is
they are heterotrophic depend on others
for their food so they are not they are
not able to prepare their own food they
always depend on others now how they
depend on others that again depends
whether they depend on the dead and
decaying matter beings are provides or
they are parasitic that we will see
little later as we talk about each of
the groups under fungi they pray for
warm and moist places to grow that is
why you would have seen that when
something gets rotten right maybe you
DEP see when a vegetable or something
gets rotten it becomes more the moisture
comes over there right so because of the
presence of moisture more and more fungi
grow there because they want warm and
moist places for their growth at the
same time you would have seen that in
order to preserve I mean in order to
keep something fresh for a long the time
maybe if you have cooked something today
you want it to be fine till tomorrow or
till day after tomorrow so what do you
do we generally keep those tubs in the
refrigerator why because the temperature
say the refrigerator is very low so at
such low temperatures fungi cannot grow
so the food will remain fresh but if you
keep the same food outsides in that
sense outside the temperature would be
higher so in that mode in that warm
environment fungi might room they are
found in air water soil on animals and
plants so again bacteria fungi these are
such organisms which can be found almost
in all kinds of places they are immobile
that is they do not move from place to
place so they are stagnant at one place
and that is what as a difference between
the fungi and the slime molds and that
is why slime loads might not put under
fungi but they were put separately under
the Protista kingdom cell walls are
present and the cell walls of fungi are
made above caighdeán so with this basic
information on the general
characteristics of fungi let us now talk
about the structure of fungi let to see
how does the cell wall look like what is
there inside the cytoplasm of the cell
so let us talk about the structure the
most of the fungi grow as hyphy what are
- anew term here so hi if we are long
slender thread like structures so here
you can see in this picture this this is
fungi right so what do you see you see
smooth some-something in white color
smooth thread like structure and white
and at the top you see a black blob kind
of a structure so that is what you can
see from this figure so these long white
thread like structures they are nothing
but hyphy so whenever a fungi grows it
grows as - so you you see it has a
net-like structure even if you see it in
your real life it will appear as a net
life messy structure so those thin
structures are known as - interconnected
network of hyphy forms mycelium
each of this hair like structure is a
high V and many high feet together which
forms a web-like structure or a mesh
like structure that network is known as
mycelium so mycelium is a very important
term when we talk about the structure of
a fungi because whenever we'll talk
about the structure we will talk about
the mycelium because the structure of
mycelium is different in different types
of fungi because again in fungi also you
have different categories so and those
categories differ from each other in
their structure and structure means they
are mycelium ok now cell wall is made up
of chitin and polysaccharides so this is
the composition of the cell and this is
a speciality of fun like so fungi are
the only organisms whose cell wall are
made up of Chi team so they have got a
relatively rigid cell wall ok so now if
you want to look at the structure of the
hyphy in detail so this is how it will
look like so here you can say this is
how the mycelium looks like what each of
these slender structure is a high p
network of - is the overall thing is a
mycelium now if you try to what is there
inside the - inside the high P we have a
normal cell structure so the high freq
inside inside the high p they are
nothing but sense so the cells will
again have cytoplasm it will have the
different cell organelles everything
will be there so this is how it will
look like so this is a magnified image
of the internal structure of the hyphy
so here you can see these brown colored
structures they act as walls inside them
- so these walls basically separate one
cell from another cell so this is like
from this wall to this wall this is one
cell inside which you will have
everything you have a nuclear scientific
reticulum the Golgi apparatus so these
structures are known as septum
so septum at the cross walls present
inside the - so here I have mentioned
each of the terms so first is - wall
that means the outside wall of the - is
called - wall
this is septum then you have
mitochondria here is the mitochondria
then you have vacuole which is used for
storage of food you have ribosomes
useful for protein synthesis this small
dot like structures present then you
have the nucleus so this is the nucleus
you have n - classic reticulum here
plasma membrane again the plasma
membrane is present outside and the last
one is the Golgi apparatus somewhere
here so basically when we say high V
they look like long thread-like
structures but even internally it has
all the cells it has the components of
all cells and the Haifa is divided into
compartments by cross walls and those
walls are known as septa but it is not
necessary that septum will always be
present inside hi fear of all types of
fungi okay so we will talk about all
those stuffs little later so this is the
basic structure of a fungi so fungi
consists of hyphy network of IP 4
mycelium cell wall made up of chitin and
polysaccharides if you look at the
internal structure of a high field
consists of cross walls cut septum and
other than that it has all the other
cell organelles thank you
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