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Grade 12   
COMMON DISTINCTION TESTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 
I. R – Cl vs R – Br vs R – I (R ? alkyl or aryl) 
SNo. Test R – Cl R – Br R – I 
a) Dil 
AgNO
3 
 
  
b) NH
4
OH 
test 
   
 
II. Ethylidene chloride (Geminal) vs Ethylene Dichloride (Vicinal) 
SNo. Test 
 
 
a) Aq KOH test 
(Hydrolysis) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 2


Grade 12   
COMMON DISTINCTION TESTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 
I. R – Cl vs R – Br vs R – I (R ? alkyl or aryl) 
SNo. Test R – Cl R – Br R – I 
a) Dil 
AgNO
3 
 
  
b) NH
4
OH 
test 
   
 
II. Ethylidene chloride (Geminal) vs Ethylene Dichloride (Vicinal) 
SNo. Test 
 
 
a) Aq KOH test 
(Hydrolysis) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Grade 12   
 
III. CHCl
3
 vs CH
3
Cl/CCl
4
/CH
3
OH 
SNo. Test CHCl
3 
CH
3
Cl/CCl
4
/CH
3
OH 
a) Carbylamine 
test 
 
 
 
 
No reaction 
 
IV. CH
3
 – CH
2
 – OH (Alcohol) vs CH
3
 – O – CH
3
 (Ether) 
SNo. Test CH
3
 – CH
2
 – OH CH
3
 – O – CH
3 
a) Na metal test  
 
 
 
 
b) Iodoform test 
(for alcohols 
having  
CH
3
 –CH – OH)  
 
 
 
 
 
V.  
 
SNo. Test 
  
 
 
Page 3


Grade 12   
COMMON DISTINCTION TESTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 
I. R – Cl vs R – Br vs R – I (R ? alkyl or aryl) 
SNo. Test R – Cl R – Br R – I 
a) Dil 
AgNO
3 
 
  
b) NH
4
OH 
test 
   
 
II. Ethylidene chloride (Geminal) vs Ethylene Dichloride (Vicinal) 
SNo. Test 
 
 
a) Aq KOH test 
(Hydrolysis) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Grade 12   
 
III. CHCl
3
 vs CH
3
Cl/CCl
4
/CH
3
OH 
SNo. Test CHCl
3 
CH
3
Cl/CCl
4
/CH
3
OH 
a) Carbylamine 
test 
 
 
 
 
No reaction 
 
IV. CH
3
 – CH
2
 – OH (Alcohol) vs CH
3
 – O – CH
3
 (Ether) 
SNo. Test CH
3
 – CH
2
 – OH CH
3
 – O – CH
3 
a) Na metal test  
 
 
 
 
b) Iodoform test 
(for alcohols 
having  
CH
3
 –CH – OH)  
 
 
 
 
 
V.  
 
SNo. Test 
  
 
 
Grade 12   
a) Lucas 
Test 
(Conc. 
HCl + 
anhyd 
ZnCl
2 
Turbidity appears on 
heating 
Turbidity appears 
within in 5 – 10 
min. 
Turbidity appears 
spontaneously 
No appearance of 
turbidity 
 
 
b) Iodofor
m test 
 
 
  
c) Br
2
 
water 
test 
   
 
d) Neutral 
FeCl
3
 
Test 
   
 
e)  Litmus 
Test 
 
 
 
Turns blue litmus red 
Page 4


Grade 12   
COMMON DISTINCTION TESTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 
I. R – Cl vs R – Br vs R – I (R ? alkyl or aryl) 
SNo. Test R – Cl R – Br R – I 
a) Dil 
AgNO
3 
 
  
b) NH
4
OH 
test 
   
 
II. Ethylidene chloride (Geminal) vs Ethylene Dichloride (Vicinal) 
SNo. Test 
 
 
a) Aq KOH test 
(Hydrolysis) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Grade 12   
 
III. CHCl
3
 vs CH
3
Cl/CCl
4
/CH
3
OH 
SNo. Test CHCl
3 
CH
3
Cl/CCl
4
/CH
3
OH 
a) Carbylamine 
test 
 
 
 
 
No reaction 
 
IV. CH
3
 – CH
2
 – OH (Alcohol) vs CH
3
 – O – CH
3
 (Ether) 
SNo. Test CH
3
 – CH
2
 – OH CH
3
 – O – CH
3 
a) Na metal test  
 
 
 
 
b) Iodoform test 
(for alcohols 
having  
CH
3
 –CH – OH)  
 
 
 
 
 
V.  
 
SNo. Test 
  
 
 
Grade 12   
a) Lucas 
Test 
(Conc. 
HCl + 
anhyd 
ZnCl
2 
Turbidity appears on 
heating 
Turbidity appears 
within in 5 – 10 
min. 
Turbidity appears 
spontaneously 
No appearance of 
turbidity 
 
 
b) Iodofor
m test 
 
 
  
c) Br
2
 
water 
test 
   
 
d) Neutral 
FeCl
3
 
Test 
   
 
e)  Litmus 
Test 
 
 
 
Turns blue litmus red 
Grade 12   
 
 
f) 
Victor 
Meyer 
Test 
 
 
 
 
 
VI. 
 
 
SNo. Test 
 
 
 
a) Litmus Test Turns blue Litmus to red 
  
b) Neutral FeCl
3
 
test 
 
  
Page 5


Grade 12   
COMMON DISTINCTION TESTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 
I. R – Cl vs R – Br vs R – I (R ? alkyl or aryl) 
SNo. Test R – Cl R – Br R – I 
a) Dil 
AgNO
3 
 
  
b) NH
4
OH 
test 
   
 
II. Ethylidene chloride (Geminal) vs Ethylene Dichloride (Vicinal) 
SNo. Test 
 
 
a) Aq KOH test 
(Hydrolysis) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Grade 12   
 
III. CHCl
3
 vs CH
3
Cl/CCl
4
/CH
3
OH 
SNo. Test CHCl
3 
CH
3
Cl/CCl
4
/CH
3
OH 
a) Carbylamine 
test 
 
 
 
 
No reaction 
 
IV. CH
3
 – CH
2
 – OH (Alcohol) vs CH
3
 – O – CH
3
 (Ether) 
SNo. Test CH
3
 – CH
2
 – OH CH
3
 – O – CH
3 
a) Na metal test  
 
 
 
 
b) Iodoform test 
(for alcohols 
having  
CH
3
 –CH – OH)  
 
 
 
 
 
V.  
 
SNo. Test 
  
 
 
Grade 12   
a) Lucas 
Test 
(Conc. 
HCl + 
anhyd 
ZnCl
2 
Turbidity appears on 
heating 
Turbidity appears 
within in 5 – 10 
min. 
Turbidity appears 
spontaneously 
No appearance of 
turbidity 
 
 
b) Iodofor
m test 
 
 
  
c) Br
2
 
water 
test 
   
 
d) Neutral 
FeCl
3
 
Test 
   
 
e)  Litmus 
Test 
 
 
 
Turns blue litmus red 
Grade 12   
 
 
f) 
Victor 
Meyer 
Test 
 
 
 
 
 
VI. 
 
 
SNo. Test 
 
 
 
a) Litmus Test Turns blue Litmus to red 
  
b) Neutral FeCl
3
 
test 
 
  
Grade 12   
c) Iodoform Test 
  
 
 
 
VII. HCHO vs CH
3
CHO 
SNo. Test HCHO CH
3
CHO 
a) Iodoform test 
 
 
 
 
 
 
b) 
Liquor 
Ammonia Test 
 
 
 
VIII. 
 
SNo. Test 
 
 
CH
3
CHO 
 
 
 
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FAQs on Distinguishing tests chemistry class 12

1. What are distinguishing tests in chemistry class 12?
Ans. Distinguishing tests are the tests that are used to identify and differentiate between two or more substances in a mixture. These tests are based on the characteristic properties of the substances and are used to determine the identity of the unknown substance present in the mixture.
2. What are the different types of distinguishing tests in chemistry class 12?
Ans. There are various types of distinguishing tests in chemistry class 12, such as flame test, precipitation test, solubility test, and gas-evolution test. These tests are used to identify the cations and anions present in the given solution.
3. What is the flame test in chemistry class 12?
Ans. The flame test is a type of distinguishing test in chemistry class 12 that is used to identify the presence of metal ions in a solution. In this test, a small amount of the solution is taken on a platinum wire loop and introduced into the flame. The color of the flame changes according to the metal ion present in the solution, and this helps in identifying the metal ion.
4. What is the precipitation test in chemistry class 12?
Ans. The precipitation test is a type of distinguishing test in chemistry class 12 that is used to identify the presence of ions in a solution. In this test, a reagent is added to the solution, which forms a precipitate with the ion present in the solution. The nature and color of the precipitate help in identifying the ion present in the solution.
5. What is the gas-evolution test in chemistry class 12?
Ans. The gas-evolution test is a type of distinguishing test in chemistry class 12 that is used to identify the presence of gases in a solution. In this test, a reagent is added to the solution, which reacts with the gas present in the solution and produces a gas. The nature and quantity of the gas produced help in identifying the gas present in the solution.
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