Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 Previous Year Questions - People as Resource

Short Answer Type Questions

Q.1. Explain the employment scenario in the three sectors of economic activities. 
Ans: The employment scenario in the three sectors is as mentioned below:
(i) Agriculture sector:
(a) It is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy.
(b) In recent years, there has been a decline in the dependence of the population on agriculture partly because of disguised employment.
(c) Some of the surplus-labour in agriculture has moved to either the secondary or the tertiary sector.
(ii) Secondary sector: In its small scale manufacturing is the most labour absorbing.
(iii) Tertiary sector: In this sector, various new services are appearing like biotechnology information technology etc.

Q.2. “Unemployment leads to low income and low savings and hence low demand and low production. This is the identification of a depressed economy.” Support the statement with three arguments.
Ans: Unemployment has negative effects on the economic development of a country in the following ways:
(a) It is a wastage of manpower resource. It increases the economic overload and the number of dependent on population.
(b) The quality of life of an individual as well as the society is adversely affected. There is a feeling of hopelessness among the youth.
(c) The time period lost in unemployment is an irrecoverable loss. It is the loss of a productive period and the loss can not be compensated.
Thus, the increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy.

Q.3. What is meant by seasonal unemployment? 
Ans: It is a situation when people are not able to find jobs during the particular months of a year especially in agriculture.

Q.4. How are the children of educated parents are different from those of uneducated ones?
Ans:


Q.5. What is the infant mortality rate?  
Ans: The infant mortality rate (IMR) refers to the number of deaths of infants per thousand live births before completing one year.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q.1. Describe the different types of unemployment found in India.
Ans: The different types of unemployment found in India are:
(a) Disguised unemployment: This is the phenomenon where too many workers are working in a specific job. It happens in small agricultural farms where the whole family is working on the same farm but so many workers are not required to cultivate the farm efficiently.
(b) Seasonal unemployment: It occurs when workers can find work in a specific season. For example, agricultural workers may find work only during busy agricultural seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing are done.
(c) Educated unemployment: This type of unemployment is common in urban areas. There is unemployment among educated and technically skilled workers because they are not able to find jobs for themselves.

Q.2. Why will a firm not like to employ a worker with ill-health? How does it affect the working environment? 
Ans: A firm will not like to employ an ill-healthy worker because:
(a) An unhealthy worker would not be able to contribute to the overall productivity of an organisation.
(b) An unhealthy worker is a liability rather than an asset to an organisation.
(c) An unhealthy worker cannot contribute to the growth of the organisation.
(d) An unhealthy worker does not work regularly and remains on leaves due to sickness.
(e) It creates a gloomy atmosphere in the surroundings.