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 Page 1


Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µyrk eaxs'kdj  1
Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µ yrk eaxs'kdj
µ oqQekj  xa/oZ
jlksa igys dh ckr gSA eSa chekj FkkA ml chekjh esa ,d fnu eSaus
lgt gh jsfM;ks yxk;k vkSj vpkud ,d vf}rh; Loj esjs dkuksa esa
iM+kA Loj lqurs gh eSaus vuqHko fd;k fd ;g Loj oqQN fo'ks"k gS]
jks”k dk ughaA ;g Loj lhèks esjs dysts ls tk fHkM+kA eSa rks gSjku gks x;kA eq>s
le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd ;g Loj fdldk gSA eSa rUe;rk ls lqurk gh jgkA
xkuk lekIr gksrs gh xkf;dk dk uke ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kµ yrk eaxs'kdjA uke
lqurs gh eSa pfdr gks x;kA eu&gh&eu ,d laxfr ikus dk Hkh vuqHko gqvkA
lqizfl¼ xk;d nhukukFk eaxs'kdj dh vtc xk;dh ,d nwljk Lo:i fy, mUgha
dh csVh dh dksey vkok”k esa lquus dk vuqHko gqvkA
eq>s yxrk gS ^cjlkr* osQ Hkh igys osQ fdlh fp=kiV dk og dksbZ xkuk FkkA
rc ls yrk fujarj xkrh pyh vk jgh gS vkSj eSa Hkh mldk xkuk lqurk vk jgk
gw¡A yrk osQ igys izfl¼ xkf;dk uwjtgk¡ dk fp=kiV laxhr esa viuk ”kekuk FkkA
ijarq mlh {ks=k esa ckn esa vkbZ gqbZ yrk mlls dgha vkxs fudy xbZA dyk osQ
{ks=k esa ,sls peRdkj dHkh&dHkh nh[k iM+rs gSaA tSls izfl¼ flrkfj;s foyk;r [kk¡
vius flrkjoknd firk dh rqyuk esa cgqr gh vkxs pys x,A
c
2024-25
Page 2


Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µyrk eaxs'kdj  1
Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µ yrk eaxs'kdj
µ oqQekj  xa/oZ
jlksa igys dh ckr gSA eSa chekj FkkA ml chekjh esa ,d fnu eSaus
lgt gh jsfM;ks yxk;k vkSj vpkud ,d vf}rh; Loj esjs dkuksa esa
iM+kA Loj lqurs gh eSaus vuqHko fd;k fd ;g Loj oqQN fo'ks"k gS]
jks”k dk ughaA ;g Loj lhèks esjs dysts ls tk fHkM+kA eSa rks gSjku gks x;kA eq>s
le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd ;g Loj fdldk gSA eSa rUe;rk ls lqurk gh jgkA
xkuk lekIr gksrs gh xkf;dk dk uke ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kµ yrk eaxs'kdjA uke
lqurs gh eSa pfdr gks x;kA eu&gh&eu ,d laxfr ikus dk Hkh vuqHko gqvkA
lqizfl¼ xk;d nhukukFk eaxs'kdj dh vtc xk;dh ,d nwljk Lo:i fy, mUgha
dh csVh dh dksey vkok”k esa lquus dk vuqHko gqvkA
eq>s yxrk gS ^cjlkr* osQ Hkh igys osQ fdlh fp=kiV dk og dksbZ xkuk FkkA
rc ls yrk fujarj xkrh pyh vk jgh gS vkSj eSa Hkh mldk xkuk lqurk vk jgk
gw¡A yrk osQ igys izfl¼ xkf;dk uwjtgk¡ dk fp=kiV laxhr esa viuk ”kekuk FkkA
ijarq mlh {ks=k esa ckn esa vkbZ gqbZ yrk mlls dgha vkxs fudy xbZA dyk osQ
{ks=k esa ,sls peRdkj dHkh&dHkh nh[k iM+rs gSaA tSls izfl¼ flrkfj;s foyk;r [kk¡
vius flrkjoknd firk dh rqyuk esa cgqr gh vkxs pys x,A
c
2024-25
2   forku
1- Lojksa osQ ozQec¼ lewgA Loj ekfydk esa cksy ('kCn) ugha gksrsA
esjk Li"V er gS fd Hkkjrh;
xkf;dkvksa esa yrk osQ tksM+ dh xkf;dk
gqbZ gh ughaA yrk osQ dkj.k fp=kiV
laxhr dks foy{k.k yksdfiz;rk izkIr gqbZ
gS] ;gh ugha yksxksa dk 'kkL=kh; laxhr dh
vksj ns[kus dk n`f"Vdks.k Hkh ,dne
cnyk gSA NksVh ckr dgw¡xkA igys Hkh
?kj&?kj NksVs cPps xk;k djrs Fks ij ml
xkus esa vkSj vktdy ?kjksa esa lqukbZ nsus
okys cPpksa osQ xkus esa cM+k varj gks x;k
gSA vktdy osQ uUgs& eqUus Hkh Loj esa
xquxqukrs gSaA D;k yrk bl tknw dk dkj.k
ugha gS\ dksfdyk dk Loj fujarj dkuksa
esa iM+us yxs rks dksbZ Hkh lquus okyk mldk vuqdj.k djus dk iz;Ru djsxkA ;s
LokHkkfod gh gSA fp=kiV laxhr osQ dkj.k laqnj Loj ekfydk,¡
1
 yksxksa osQ dkuksa ij
iM+ jgh gSaA laxhr osQ fofoèk izdkjksa ls mudk ifjp; gks jgk gSA mudk Loj&Kku
c<+ jgk gSA lqjhykiu D;k gS] bldh le> Hkh mUgsa gksrh tk jgh gSA rjg&rjg dh
y; osQ Hkh izdkj mUgsa lqukbZ iM+us yxs gSa vkSj vkdkj;qDr y; osQ lkFk mudh
tku&igpku gksrh tk jgh gSA lkèkkj.k izdkj osQ yksxksa dks Hkh mldh lw{erk le> esa
vkus yxh gSA bu lcdk Js; yrk dks gh gSA bl izdkj mlus u;h ih<+h osQ laxhr dks
laLdkfjr fd;k gS vkSj lkekU; euq"; esa laxhr fo"k;d vfHkjQfp iSnk djus esa cM+k
gkFk c¡Vk;k gSA laxhr dh yksdfiz;rk] mldk izlkj vkSj vfHkjQfp osQ fodkl dk Js;
yrk dks gh nsuk iMs+xkA
2024-25
Page 3


Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µyrk eaxs'kdj  1
Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µ yrk eaxs'kdj
µ oqQekj  xa/oZ
jlksa igys dh ckr gSA eSa chekj FkkA ml chekjh esa ,d fnu eSaus
lgt gh jsfM;ks yxk;k vkSj vpkud ,d vf}rh; Loj esjs dkuksa esa
iM+kA Loj lqurs gh eSaus vuqHko fd;k fd ;g Loj oqQN fo'ks"k gS]
jks”k dk ughaA ;g Loj lhèks esjs dysts ls tk fHkM+kA eSa rks gSjku gks x;kA eq>s
le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd ;g Loj fdldk gSA eSa rUe;rk ls lqurk gh jgkA
xkuk lekIr gksrs gh xkf;dk dk uke ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kµ yrk eaxs'kdjA uke
lqurs gh eSa pfdr gks x;kA eu&gh&eu ,d laxfr ikus dk Hkh vuqHko gqvkA
lqizfl¼ xk;d nhukukFk eaxs'kdj dh vtc xk;dh ,d nwljk Lo:i fy, mUgha
dh csVh dh dksey vkok”k esa lquus dk vuqHko gqvkA
eq>s yxrk gS ^cjlkr* osQ Hkh igys osQ fdlh fp=kiV dk og dksbZ xkuk FkkA
rc ls yrk fujarj xkrh pyh vk jgh gS vkSj eSa Hkh mldk xkuk lqurk vk jgk
gw¡A yrk osQ igys izfl¼ xkf;dk uwjtgk¡ dk fp=kiV laxhr esa viuk ”kekuk FkkA
ijarq mlh {ks=k esa ckn esa vkbZ gqbZ yrk mlls dgha vkxs fudy xbZA dyk osQ
{ks=k esa ,sls peRdkj dHkh&dHkh nh[k iM+rs gSaA tSls izfl¼ flrkfj;s foyk;r [kk¡
vius flrkjoknd firk dh rqyuk esa cgqr gh vkxs pys x,A
c
2024-25
2   forku
1- Lojksa osQ ozQec¼ lewgA Loj ekfydk esa cksy ('kCn) ugha gksrsA
esjk Li"V er gS fd Hkkjrh;
xkf;dkvksa esa yrk osQ tksM+ dh xkf;dk
gqbZ gh ughaA yrk osQ dkj.k fp=kiV
laxhr dks foy{k.k yksdfiz;rk izkIr gqbZ
gS] ;gh ugha yksxksa dk 'kkL=kh; laxhr dh
vksj ns[kus dk n`f"Vdks.k Hkh ,dne
cnyk gSA NksVh ckr dgw¡xkA igys Hkh
?kj&?kj NksVs cPps xk;k djrs Fks ij ml
xkus esa vkSj vktdy ?kjksa esa lqukbZ nsus
okys cPpksa osQ xkus esa cM+k varj gks x;k
gSA vktdy osQ uUgs& eqUus Hkh Loj esa
xquxqukrs gSaA D;k yrk bl tknw dk dkj.k
ugha gS\ dksfdyk dk Loj fujarj dkuksa
esa iM+us yxs rks dksbZ Hkh lquus okyk mldk vuqdj.k djus dk iz;Ru djsxkA ;s
LokHkkfod gh gSA fp=kiV laxhr osQ dkj.k laqnj Loj ekfydk,¡
1
 yksxksa osQ dkuksa ij
iM+ jgh gSaA laxhr osQ fofoèk izdkjksa ls mudk ifjp; gks jgk gSA mudk Loj&Kku
c<+ jgk gSA lqjhykiu D;k gS] bldh le> Hkh mUgsa gksrh tk jgh gSA rjg&rjg dh
y; osQ Hkh izdkj mUgsa lqukbZ iM+us yxs gSa vkSj vkdkj;qDr y; osQ lkFk mudh
tku&igpku gksrh tk jgh gSA lkèkkj.k izdkj osQ yksxksa dks Hkh mldh lw{erk le> esa
vkus yxh gSA bu lcdk Js; yrk dks gh gSA bl izdkj mlus u;h ih<+h osQ laxhr dks
laLdkfjr fd;k gS vkSj lkekU; euq"; esa laxhr fo"k;d vfHkjQfp iSnk djus esa cM+k
gkFk c¡Vk;k gSA laxhr dh yksdfiz;rk] mldk izlkj vkSj vfHkjQfp osQ fodkl dk Js;
yrk dks gh nsuk iMs+xkA
2024-25
Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µyrk eaxs'kdj  3
lkekU; Jksrk dks vxj vkt yrk dh èofueqfnzdk
1
 vkSj 'kkL=kh; xk;dh
2
 dh
èofueqfnzdk lqukbZ tk, rks og yrk dh èofueqfnzdk gh ilan djsxkA xkuk dkSu
ls jkx esa xk;k x;k vkSj rky dkSu&lk Fkk] ;g 'kkL=kh; C;ksjk bl vkneh dks
lglk ekywe ugha jgrkA mls blls dksbZ eryc ugha fd jkx ekydksl
3
 Fkk vkSj
rky f=krky
4
A mls rks pkfg, og feBkl] tks mls eLr dj ns] ftldk og
vuqHko dj losQ vkSj ;g LokHkkfod gh gSA D;ksafd ftl izdkj euq";rk gks rks
og euq"; gS] oSls gh ^xkuiu*
5
 gks rks og laxhr gSA vkSj yrk dk dksbZ Hkh xkuk
yhft, rks mlesa 'kr&izfr'kr ;g ^xkuiu* ekStwn feysxkA
yrk dh yksdfiz;rk dk eq[; eeZ ;g ^xkuiu* gh gSA yrk osQ xkus dh ,d
vkSj fo'ks"krk gS] mlosQ Lojksa dh fueZyrkA mlosQ igys dh ik'oZ xkf;dk uwjtgk¡
Hkh ,d vPNh xkf;dk Fkh] blesa lansg ugha rFkkfi mlosQ xkus esa ,d eknd
mÙkku nh[krk FkkA yrk osQ Lojksa esa dkseyrk vkSj eqXèkrk gSA ,slk nh[krk gS fd
yrk dk thou dh vksj ns[kus dk tks n`f"Vdks.k gS ogh mlosQ xk;u dh fueZyrk
esa >yd jgk gSA gk¡] laxhr fnXn'kZdksa us mlosQ Loj dh bl fueZyrk dk ftruk
mi;ksx dj ysuk pkfg, Fkk] mruk ugha fd;kA eSa Lo;a laxhr fnXn'kZd gksrk rks
yrk dks cgqr tfVy dke nsrk] ,slk dgs fcuk jgk ugha tkrkA
yrk osQ xkus dh ,d vkSj fo'ks"krk gS] mldk ukne; mPpkjA mlosQ xhr osQ
fdUgha nks 'kCnksa dk varj Lojksa osQ vkyki }kjk cM+h lqanj jhfr ls Hkjk jgrk gS vkSj
,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd os nksuksa 'kCn foyhu gksrs&gksrs ,d nwljs esa fey tkrs gSaA ;g
1- Lojfyfi
2- ftlesa xk;u dks oqQN fu/kZfjr fu;eksa osQ vanj gh xk;k&ctk;k tkrk gSA [k;ky] /zqin] èkekj
vkfn 'kkL=kh; xk;dh osQ varxZr vkrs gSaA
3- HkSjoh FkkV dk jkx] ftlesa js vkSj i o£tr gSaA blesa lkjs Loj dksey yxrs gSaA ;g xaHkhj
izÑfr dk yksdfiz; jkx gSA
4- ;g lksyg ek=kkvksa dk rky gSA blesa pkj&pkj ek=kkvksa osQ pkj foHkkx gksrs gSaA
5- xkus dk ,slk vank”k tks ,d vke vkneh dks Hkh HkkofoHkksj dj nsA
2024-25
Page 4


Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µyrk eaxs'kdj  1
Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µ yrk eaxs'kdj
µ oqQekj  xa/oZ
jlksa igys dh ckr gSA eSa chekj FkkA ml chekjh esa ,d fnu eSaus
lgt gh jsfM;ks yxk;k vkSj vpkud ,d vf}rh; Loj esjs dkuksa esa
iM+kA Loj lqurs gh eSaus vuqHko fd;k fd ;g Loj oqQN fo'ks"k gS]
jks”k dk ughaA ;g Loj lhèks esjs dysts ls tk fHkM+kA eSa rks gSjku gks x;kA eq>s
le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd ;g Loj fdldk gSA eSa rUe;rk ls lqurk gh jgkA
xkuk lekIr gksrs gh xkf;dk dk uke ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kµ yrk eaxs'kdjA uke
lqurs gh eSa pfdr gks x;kA eu&gh&eu ,d laxfr ikus dk Hkh vuqHko gqvkA
lqizfl¼ xk;d nhukukFk eaxs'kdj dh vtc xk;dh ,d nwljk Lo:i fy, mUgha
dh csVh dh dksey vkok”k esa lquus dk vuqHko gqvkA
eq>s yxrk gS ^cjlkr* osQ Hkh igys osQ fdlh fp=kiV dk og dksbZ xkuk FkkA
rc ls yrk fujarj xkrh pyh vk jgh gS vkSj eSa Hkh mldk xkuk lqurk vk jgk
gw¡A yrk osQ igys izfl¼ xkf;dk uwjtgk¡ dk fp=kiV laxhr esa viuk ”kekuk FkkA
ijarq mlh {ks=k esa ckn esa vkbZ gqbZ yrk mlls dgha vkxs fudy xbZA dyk osQ
{ks=k esa ,sls peRdkj dHkh&dHkh nh[k iM+rs gSaA tSls izfl¼ flrkfj;s foyk;r [kk¡
vius flrkjoknd firk dh rqyuk esa cgqr gh vkxs pys x,A
c
2024-25
2   forku
1- Lojksa osQ ozQec¼ lewgA Loj ekfydk esa cksy ('kCn) ugha gksrsA
esjk Li"V er gS fd Hkkjrh;
xkf;dkvksa esa yrk osQ tksM+ dh xkf;dk
gqbZ gh ughaA yrk osQ dkj.k fp=kiV
laxhr dks foy{k.k yksdfiz;rk izkIr gqbZ
gS] ;gh ugha yksxksa dk 'kkL=kh; laxhr dh
vksj ns[kus dk n`f"Vdks.k Hkh ,dne
cnyk gSA NksVh ckr dgw¡xkA igys Hkh
?kj&?kj NksVs cPps xk;k djrs Fks ij ml
xkus esa vkSj vktdy ?kjksa esa lqukbZ nsus
okys cPpksa osQ xkus esa cM+k varj gks x;k
gSA vktdy osQ uUgs& eqUus Hkh Loj esa
xquxqukrs gSaA D;k yrk bl tknw dk dkj.k
ugha gS\ dksfdyk dk Loj fujarj dkuksa
esa iM+us yxs rks dksbZ Hkh lquus okyk mldk vuqdj.k djus dk iz;Ru djsxkA ;s
LokHkkfod gh gSA fp=kiV laxhr osQ dkj.k laqnj Loj ekfydk,¡
1
 yksxksa osQ dkuksa ij
iM+ jgh gSaA laxhr osQ fofoèk izdkjksa ls mudk ifjp; gks jgk gSA mudk Loj&Kku
c<+ jgk gSA lqjhykiu D;k gS] bldh le> Hkh mUgsa gksrh tk jgh gSA rjg&rjg dh
y; osQ Hkh izdkj mUgsa lqukbZ iM+us yxs gSa vkSj vkdkj;qDr y; osQ lkFk mudh
tku&igpku gksrh tk jgh gSA lkèkkj.k izdkj osQ yksxksa dks Hkh mldh lw{erk le> esa
vkus yxh gSA bu lcdk Js; yrk dks gh gSA bl izdkj mlus u;h ih<+h osQ laxhr dks
laLdkfjr fd;k gS vkSj lkekU; euq"; esa laxhr fo"k;d vfHkjQfp iSnk djus esa cM+k
gkFk c¡Vk;k gSA laxhr dh yksdfiz;rk] mldk izlkj vkSj vfHkjQfp osQ fodkl dk Js;
yrk dks gh nsuk iMs+xkA
2024-25
Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µyrk eaxs'kdj  3
lkekU; Jksrk dks vxj vkt yrk dh èofueqfnzdk
1
 vkSj 'kkL=kh; xk;dh
2
 dh
èofueqfnzdk lqukbZ tk, rks og yrk dh èofueqfnzdk gh ilan djsxkA xkuk dkSu
ls jkx esa xk;k x;k vkSj rky dkSu&lk Fkk] ;g 'kkL=kh; C;ksjk bl vkneh dks
lglk ekywe ugha jgrkA mls blls dksbZ eryc ugha fd jkx ekydksl
3
 Fkk vkSj
rky f=krky
4
A mls rks pkfg, og feBkl] tks mls eLr dj ns] ftldk og
vuqHko dj losQ vkSj ;g LokHkkfod gh gSA D;ksafd ftl izdkj euq";rk gks rks
og euq"; gS] oSls gh ^xkuiu*
5
 gks rks og laxhr gSA vkSj yrk dk dksbZ Hkh xkuk
yhft, rks mlesa 'kr&izfr'kr ;g ^xkuiu* ekStwn feysxkA
yrk dh yksdfiz;rk dk eq[; eeZ ;g ^xkuiu* gh gSA yrk osQ xkus dh ,d
vkSj fo'ks"krk gS] mlosQ Lojksa dh fueZyrkA mlosQ igys dh ik'oZ xkf;dk uwjtgk¡
Hkh ,d vPNh xkf;dk Fkh] blesa lansg ugha rFkkfi mlosQ xkus esa ,d eknd
mÙkku nh[krk FkkA yrk osQ Lojksa esa dkseyrk vkSj eqXèkrk gSA ,slk nh[krk gS fd
yrk dk thou dh vksj ns[kus dk tks n`f"Vdks.k gS ogh mlosQ xk;u dh fueZyrk
esa >yd jgk gSA gk¡] laxhr fnXn'kZdksa us mlosQ Loj dh bl fueZyrk dk ftruk
mi;ksx dj ysuk pkfg, Fkk] mruk ugha fd;kA eSa Lo;a laxhr fnXn'kZd gksrk rks
yrk dks cgqr tfVy dke nsrk] ,slk dgs fcuk jgk ugha tkrkA
yrk osQ xkus dh ,d vkSj fo'ks"krk gS] mldk ukne; mPpkjA mlosQ xhr osQ
fdUgha nks 'kCnksa dk varj Lojksa osQ vkyki }kjk cM+h lqanj jhfr ls Hkjk jgrk gS vkSj
,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd os nksuksa 'kCn foyhu gksrs&gksrs ,d nwljs esa fey tkrs gSaA ;g
1- Lojfyfi
2- ftlesa xk;u dks oqQN fu/kZfjr fu;eksa osQ vanj gh xk;k&ctk;k tkrk gSA [k;ky] /zqin] èkekj
vkfn 'kkL=kh; xk;dh osQ varxZr vkrs gSaA
3- HkSjoh FkkV dk jkx] ftlesa js vkSj i o£tr gSaA blesa lkjs Loj dksey yxrs gSaA ;g xaHkhj
izÑfr dk yksdfiz; jkx gSA
4- ;g lksyg ek=kkvksa dk rky gSA blesa pkj&pkj ek=kkvksa osQ pkj foHkkx gksrs gSaA
5- xkus dk ,slk vank”k tks ,d vke vkneh dks Hkh HkkofoHkksj dj nsA
2024-25
4   forku
ckr iSnk djuk cM+k dfBu gS] ijarq yrk osQ lkFk ;g ckr vR;ar lgt vkSj
LokHkkfod gks cSBh gSA
,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd yrk osQ xkus esa djQ.k jl fo'ks"k izHkko'kkyh jhfr ls
O;Dr gksrk gS] ij eq>s [kqn ;g ckr ugha iVrhA esjk viuk er gS fd yrk us djQ.k
jl osQ lkFk mruk U;k; ugha fd;k gSA ctk, blosQ] eqXèk  Ük`axkj dh vfHkO;fDr djus
okys eè; ;k nzqry;
1
 osQ xkus yrk us cM+h mRdVrk ls xk, gSaA esjh n`f"V ls mlosQ
xk;u esa ,d vkSj deh gS_ rFkkfi ;g dguk dfBu gksxk fd blesa yrk dk nks"k
fdruk gS vkSj laxhr fnXn'kZdksa dk nks"k fdrukA yrk dk xkuk lkekU;r% mQ¡ph i^h
2
esa jgrk gSA xkus esa laxhr fnXn'kZd mls vfèkdkfèkd m¡Qph i^h esa xokrs gSa vkSj mls
vdkj.k gh fpyokrs gSaA
,d iz'u mifLFkr fd;k tkrk gS fd 'kkL=kh; laxhr esa yrk dk LFkku dkSu&lk
gSA esjs er ls ;g iz'u [kqn gh iz;kstughu gSA mldk dkj.k ;g gS fd 'kkL=kh;
laxhr vkSj fp=kiV laxhr esa rqyuk gks gh ugha ldrhA tgk¡ xaHkhjrk 'kkL=kh; laxhr
dk LFkk;hHkko gS ogha tyny;
3
 vkSj piyrk fp=kiV laxhr dk eq[; xq.kèkeZ gSA
fp=kiV laxhr dk rky izkFkfed voLFkk dk rky gksrk gS] tcfd 'kkL=kh; laxhr
esa rky vius ifj"Ñr :i esa ik;k tkrk gSA fp=kiV laxhr esa vkèks rkyksa dk mi;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA mldh y;dkjh fcyoqQy vyx gksrh gS] vklku gksrh gSA ;gk¡ xhr
vkSj vk?kkr dks ”;knk egRo fn;k tkrk gSA lqyHkrk vkSj yksp
4
 dks vxz LFkku fn;k
tkrk gS_ rFkkfi fp=kiV laxhr xkus okys dks 'kkL=kh; laxhr dh mÙke tkudkjh gksuk
vko';d gS vkSj og yrk osQ ikl fu%la'k; gSA rhu&lk<s+ rhu feuV osQ xk, gq,
1- y; rhu izdkj dh gksrh gSµ i- foyafcry; (èkheh)   ii- eè;y; (chp dh)
iii- nzqry; (rs”k) eè;y; ls nqxquh vkSj foyafcry; ls pkSxquh rs”k y; nzqry; dgykrh gSA
2- m¡Qps (rkjlIrd osQ) Lojksa dk iz;ksx
3- nzqr y; (rs”k)
4- Lojksa dk ckjhd euksjatd iz;ksx
2024-25
Page 5


Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µyrk eaxs'kdj  1
Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µ yrk eaxs'kdj
µ oqQekj  xa/oZ
jlksa igys dh ckr gSA eSa chekj FkkA ml chekjh esa ,d fnu eSaus
lgt gh jsfM;ks yxk;k vkSj vpkud ,d vf}rh; Loj esjs dkuksa esa
iM+kA Loj lqurs gh eSaus vuqHko fd;k fd ;g Loj oqQN fo'ks"k gS]
jks”k dk ughaA ;g Loj lhèks esjs dysts ls tk fHkM+kA eSa rks gSjku gks x;kA eq>s
le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd ;g Loj fdldk gSA eSa rUe;rk ls lqurk gh jgkA
xkuk lekIr gksrs gh xkf;dk dk uke ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kµ yrk eaxs'kdjA uke
lqurs gh eSa pfdr gks x;kA eu&gh&eu ,d laxfr ikus dk Hkh vuqHko gqvkA
lqizfl¼ xk;d nhukukFk eaxs'kdj dh vtc xk;dh ,d nwljk Lo:i fy, mUgha
dh csVh dh dksey vkok”k esa lquus dk vuqHko gqvkA
eq>s yxrk gS ^cjlkr* osQ Hkh igys osQ fdlh fp=kiV dk og dksbZ xkuk FkkA
rc ls yrk fujarj xkrh pyh vk jgh gS vkSj eSa Hkh mldk xkuk lqurk vk jgk
gw¡A yrk osQ igys izfl¼ xkf;dk uwjtgk¡ dk fp=kiV laxhr esa viuk ”kekuk FkkA
ijarq mlh {ks=k esa ckn esa vkbZ gqbZ yrk mlls dgha vkxs fudy xbZA dyk osQ
{ks=k esa ,sls peRdkj dHkh&dHkh nh[k iM+rs gSaA tSls izfl¼ flrkfj;s foyk;r [kk¡
vius flrkjoknd firk dh rqyuk esa cgqr gh vkxs pys x,A
c
2024-25
2   forku
1- Lojksa osQ ozQec¼ lewgA Loj ekfydk esa cksy ('kCn) ugha gksrsA
esjk Li"V er gS fd Hkkjrh;
xkf;dkvksa esa yrk osQ tksM+ dh xkf;dk
gqbZ gh ughaA yrk osQ dkj.k fp=kiV
laxhr dks foy{k.k yksdfiz;rk izkIr gqbZ
gS] ;gh ugha yksxksa dk 'kkL=kh; laxhr dh
vksj ns[kus dk n`f"Vdks.k Hkh ,dne
cnyk gSA NksVh ckr dgw¡xkA igys Hkh
?kj&?kj NksVs cPps xk;k djrs Fks ij ml
xkus esa vkSj vktdy ?kjksa esa lqukbZ nsus
okys cPpksa osQ xkus esa cM+k varj gks x;k
gSA vktdy osQ uUgs& eqUus Hkh Loj esa
xquxqukrs gSaA D;k yrk bl tknw dk dkj.k
ugha gS\ dksfdyk dk Loj fujarj dkuksa
esa iM+us yxs rks dksbZ Hkh lquus okyk mldk vuqdj.k djus dk iz;Ru djsxkA ;s
LokHkkfod gh gSA fp=kiV laxhr osQ dkj.k laqnj Loj ekfydk,¡
1
 yksxksa osQ dkuksa ij
iM+ jgh gSaA laxhr osQ fofoèk izdkjksa ls mudk ifjp; gks jgk gSA mudk Loj&Kku
c<+ jgk gSA lqjhykiu D;k gS] bldh le> Hkh mUgsa gksrh tk jgh gSA rjg&rjg dh
y; osQ Hkh izdkj mUgsa lqukbZ iM+us yxs gSa vkSj vkdkj;qDr y; osQ lkFk mudh
tku&igpku gksrh tk jgh gSA lkèkkj.k izdkj osQ yksxksa dks Hkh mldh lw{erk le> esa
vkus yxh gSA bu lcdk Js; yrk dks gh gSA bl izdkj mlus u;h ih<+h osQ laxhr dks
laLdkfjr fd;k gS vkSj lkekU; euq"; esa laxhr fo"k;d vfHkjQfp iSnk djus esa cM+k
gkFk c¡Vk;k gSA laxhr dh yksdfiz;rk] mldk izlkj vkSj vfHkjQfp osQ fodkl dk Js;
yrk dks gh nsuk iMs+xkA
2024-25
Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µyrk eaxs'kdj  3
lkekU; Jksrk dks vxj vkt yrk dh èofueqfnzdk
1
 vkSj 'kkL=kh; xk;dh
2
 dh
èofueqfnzdk lqukbZ tk, rks og yrk dh èofueqfnzdk gh ilan djsxkA xkuk dkSu
ls jkx esa xk;k x;k vkSj rky dkSu&lk Fkk] ;g 'kkL=kh; C;ksjk bl vkneh dks
lglk ekywe ugha jgrkA mls blls dksbZ eryc ugha fd jkx ekydksl
3
 Fkk vkSj
rky f=krky
4
A mls rks pkfg, og feBkl] tks mls eLr dj ns] ftldk og
vuqHko dj losQ vkSj ;g LokHkkfod gh gSA D;ksafd ftl izdkj euq";rk gks rks
og euq"; gS] oSls gh ^xkuiu*
5
 gks rks og laxhr gSA vkSj yrk dk dksbZ Hkh xkuk
yhft, rks mlesa 'kr&izfr'kr ;g ^xkuiu* ekStwn feysxkA
yrk dh yksdfiz;rk dk eq[; eeZ ;g ^xkuiu* gh gSA yrk osQ xkus dh ,d
vkSj fo'ks"krk gS] mlosQ Lojksa dh fueZyrkA mlosQ igys dh ik'oZ xkf;dk uwjtgk¡
Hkh ,d vPNh xkf;dk Fkh] blesa lansg ugha rFkkfi mlosQ xkus esa ,d eknd
mÙkku nh[krk FkkA yrk osQ Lojksa esa dkseyrk vkSj eqXèkrk gSA ,slk nh[krk gS fd
yrk dk thou dh vksj ns[kus dk tks n`f"Vdks.k gS ogh mlosQ xk;u dh fueZyrk
esa >yd jgk gSA gk¡] laxhr fnXn'kZdksa us mlosQ Loj dh bl fueZyrk dk ftruk
mi;ksx dj ysuk pkfg, Fkk] mruk ugha fd;kA eSa Lo;a laxhr fnXn'kZd gksrk rks
yrk dks cgqr tfVy dke nsrk] ,slk dgs fcuk jgk ugha tkrkA
yrk osQ xkus dh ,d vkSj fo'ks"krk gS] mldk ukne; mPpkjA mlosQ xhr osQ
fdUgha nks 'kCnksa dk varj Lojksa osQ vkyki }kjk cM+h lqanj jhfr ls Hkjk jgrk gS vkSj
,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd os nksuksa 'kCn foyhu gksrs&gksrs ,d nwljs esa fey tkrs gSaA ;g
1- Lojfyfi
2- ftlesa xk;u dks oqQN fu/kZfjr fu;eksa osQ vanj gh xk;k&ctk;k tkrk gSA [k;ky] /zqin] èkekj
vkfn 'kkL=kh; xk;dh osQ varxZr vkrs gSaA
3- HkSjoh FkkV dk jkx] ftlesa js vkSj i o£tr gSaA blesa lkjs Loj dksey yxrs gSaA ;g xaHkhj
izÑfr dk yksdfiz; jkx gSA
4- ;g lksyg ek=kkvksa dk rky gSA blesa pkj&pkj ek=kkvksa osQ pkj foHkkx gksrs gSaA
5- xkus dk ,slk vank”k tks ,d vke vkneh dks Hkh HkkofoHkksj dj nsA
2024-25
4   forku
ckr iSnk djuk cM+k dfBu gS] ijarq yrk osQ lkFk ;g ckr vR;ar lgt vkSj
LokHkkfod gks cSBh gSA
,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd yrk osQ xkus esa djQ.k jl fo'ks"k izHkko'kkyh jhfr ls
O;Dr gksrk gS] ij eq>s [kqn ;g ckr ugha iVrhA esjk viuk er gS fd yrk us djQ.k
jl osQ lkFk mruk U;k; ugha fd;k gSA ctk, blosQ] eqXèk  Ük`axkj dh vfHkO;fDr djus
okys eè; ;k nzqry;
1
 osQ xkus yrk us cM+h mRdVrk ls xk, gSaA esjh n`f"V ls mlosQ
xk;u esa ,d vkSj deh gS_ rFkkfi ;g dguk dfBu gksxk fd blesa yrk dk nks"k
fdruk gS vkSj laxhr fnXn'kZdksa dk nks"k fdrukA yrk dk xkuk lkekU;r% mQ¡ph i^h
2
esa jgrk gSA xkus esa laxhr fnXn'kZd mls vfèkdkfèkd m¡Qph i^h esa xokrs gSa vkSj mls
vdkj.k gh fpyokrs gSaA
,d iz'u mifLFkr fd;k tkrk gS fd 'kkL=kh; laxhr esa yrk dk LFkku dkSu&lk
gSA esjs er ls ;g iz'u [kqn gh iz;kstughu gSA mldk dkj.k ;g gS fd 'kkL=kh;
laxhr vkSj fp=kiV laxhr esa rqyuk gks gh ugha ldrhA tgk¡ xaHkhjrk 'kkL=kh; laxhr
dk LFkk;hHkko gS ogha tyny;
3
 vkSj piyrk fp=kiV laxhr dk eq[; xq.kèkeZ gSA
fp=kiV laxhr dk rky izkFkfed voLFkk dk rky gksrk gS] tcfd 'kkL=kh; laxhr
esa rky vius ifj"Ñr :i esa ik;k tkrk gSA fp=kiV laxhr esa vkèks rkyksa dk mi;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA mldh y;dkjh fcyoqQy vyx gksrh gS] vklku gksrh gSA ;gk¡ xhr
vkSj vk?kkr dks ”;knk egRo fn;k tkrk gSA lqyHkrk vkSj yksp
4
 dks vxz LFkku fn;k
tkrk gS_ rFkkfi fp=kiV laxhr xkus okys dks 'kkL=kh; laxhr dh mÙke tkudkjh gksuk
vko';d gS vkSj og yrk osQ ikl fu%la'k; gSA rhu&lk<s+ rhu feuV osQ xk, gq,
1- y; rhu izdkj dh gksrh gSµ i- foyafcry; (èkheh)   ii- eè;y; (chp dh)
iii- nzqry; (rs”k) eè;y; ls nqxquh vkSj foyafcry; ls pkSxquh rs”k y; nzqry; dgykrh gSA
2- m¡Qps (rkjlIrd osQ) Lojksa dk iz;ksx
3- nzqr y; (rs”k)
4- Lojksa dk ckjhd euksjatd iz;ksx
2024-25
Hkkjrh; xkf;dkvksa esa cstksM+µyrk eaxs'kdj  5
fp=kiV osQ fdlh xkus dk vkSj ,dkèk [kkunkuh 'kkL=kh; xk;d dh rhu&lk<+s rhu
?kaVs dh egfI
+
kQy] bu nksuksa dk dykRed vkSj vkuankRed ewY; ,d gh gS] ,slk
eSa ekurk gw¡A fdlh mÙke ys[kd dk dksbZ foLr`r ys[k thou osQ jgL; dk fo'kn~
:i esa o.kZu djrk gS rks ogh jgL; NksVs ls lqHkkf"kr dk ;k uUgh&lh dgkor esa
lqanjrk vkSj ifjiw.kZrk ls izdV gqvk Hkh n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA mlh izdkj rhu ?kaVkas
dh jaxnkj egfI
+
kQy dk lkjk jl yrk dh rhu feuV dh èofueqfnzdk esa vkLokfnr
fd;k tk ldrk gSA mldk ,d&,d xkuk ,d laiw.kZ dykÑfr gksrk gSA Loj] y;]
'kCnkFkZ dk ogk¡ f=kos.kh laxe gksrk gS vkSj egfI
+
kQy dh csgks'kh mlesa lekbZ jgrh
gSA oSls ns[kk tk, rks 'kkL=kh; laxhr D;k vkSj fp=kiV laxhr D;k] var esa jfld
dks vkuan nsus dh lkeF;Z fdl xkus esa fdruk gS] bl ij mldk egRo Bgjkuk
mfpr gSA eSa rks dgw¡xk fd 'kkL=kh; laxhr Hkh jatd u gks] rks fcyoqQy gh uhjl
BgjsxkA vukd"kZd izrhr gksxk vkSj mlesa oqQN deh&lh izrhr gksxhA xkus esa tks
xkuiu izkIr gksrk gS] og osQoy 'kkL=kh; cSBd osQ iDosQiu dh otg ls rky lqj
osQ funksZ"k Kku osQ dkj.k ughaA xkus dh lkjh feBkl] lkjh rkdr mldh jatdrk
izkphu ok|;a=k
2024-25
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FAQs on NCERT Textbook - Lata Mangeshkar - NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts

1. Who is Lata Mangeshkar?
Ans. Lata Mangeshkar is a renowned Indian playback singer who has recorded songs in various languages including Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, and Gujarati. She is considered as one of the greatest singers in the history of Indian cinema.
2. What are some of Lata Mangeshkar's famous songs?
Ans. Lata Mangeshkar has sung numerous popular songs in her career spanning over seven decades. Some of her famous songs include "Lag Ja Gale," "Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo," "Tere Bina Zindagi Se," "Kabhi Kabhie Mere Dil Mein," and "Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya."
3. How has Lata Mangeshkar contributed to the Indian music industry?
Ans. Lata Mangeshkar has made significant contributions to the Indian music industry through her soulful voice and versatile singing. She has recorded over 30,000 songs in various languages, won several prestigious awards, and has been honored with the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award.
4. What is the significance of Lata Mangeshkar's NCERT textbook?
Ans. Lata Mangeshkar's NCERT textbook is a part of the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) curriculum in India. It provides valuable insights into the life and achievements of Lata Mangeshkar, allowing students to learn about her contribution to the music industry and Indian culture.
5. How can Lata Mangeshkar's music inspire aspiring singers?
Ans. Lata Mangeshkar's music can inspire aspiring singers by showcasing the power of dedication, hard work, and passion. Her melodious voice and ability to convey emotions through songs serve as a source of motivation for those who aspire to pursue a career in singing.
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