Microorganisms in Antibiotics Video Lecture | Science Class 8

hello friends this video on
microorganisms friend and foe part 9 is
brought to you by exam feel calm no more
fear from exam so now let us look at the
role of microbes and industrial products
now as I had mentioned before that there
are quite a few things in terms of the
commercial products which are produced
on a commercial scale in the industries
there are quite a few things in which
microbes play an important role some of
them are anti budgets and before ages
antibiotics they are extremely helpful
because they help to cure so many
diseases before ages again a lot of
different types of beverages like wine
beer whisky preparing all those things
also meet the role of anti power or the
role of microorganisms so first let us
discuss about antibiotics now you would
have had antibiotics when you have
fallen a the doctor gives you a course
of antibiotic a set of medicines which
he prescribes to take for a particular
number of days maybe a three days course
so even if your fever awaits in a day or
two but you still need to continue
taking the medicine for the prescribed
number of days for example if the doctor
had asked you to take it for three days
you have to take it for three days so if
you look at the word antibiotics so what
does it mean Antti means against so
aunty means against and bio takes so by
doing something related to life so you
mean the word means against life now
that doesn't mean that it is something
which is against life and it is sort of
killing us instead it is just the
opposite what it means is it is against
bacteria that is in against the living
organisms which cause diseases so that
means it is against life and
that's why these antibiotics are against
the bacterial infection so these are
chemical substances which are produced
by microbes and they kill
disease-causing microbes if you see here
and my dicks are the best example that
we can see both the positive as well as
negative signs of the microbes so these
antibiotics are produced by microbes and
what do they do they kill other microbes
which are harmful so antibiotics is
produced due to the good microbes and
kill the bad microbes so that is how
antibiotics are so they treat bacterial
infection now antibiotics are very
specific in their action they can only
treat infections which are caused by
bacteria so I am dividing so not useful
against viral infections so you would
have observed that when you get fever
sometimes you get fever you do some that
sort of bacterial infection maybe some
throat infection or some other infection
caused by bacteria so at that time your
doctor will prescribe you a course of
antibiotic but if you get a Bible
infection that is due to by the
infection you got a Bible old or flu
doctors will not give you antibiotics so
antibiotics can only treat bacterial
infections they will have no effect on
the violin infections so this fact
antibiotic was discovered for the first
time by Alexander Fleming he was a
Scottish scientist and in fact you will
be surprised to know that he discovered
antibiotics by chance so he did not he
was not performing an experiment to
discover antibiotic so he was doing some
other experiment but when he
accidentally discovered the first
antibody and the first antibiotic which
he discovered was named as penicillin so
penicillin was the first antibiotic that
was discovered now any discovery which
happens by chance
it is known as 7dp D so serendipity so
one example of serendipity is the
discovery of penicillin
serendipity means this Coverley by
chance so you are not performing your
experiments to discover this but by
chance you discovered it so that is
serendipity so now let us spend some
time trying to understand how exactly
was penicillin discovered so because
that is an interesting story
so discovery of penicillin now as I said
that penicillin discovery was a chance
discovery which is often called
serendipity
so Fleming was experimenting with
Staphylococcus bacteria so
Staphylococcus is a particular type of
bacterial focus are those bacteria which
are spherical in shape so he was
experimenting with this particular type
of bacterium now what happened was it
was also that a particular petri dish so
this is called a petri dish the dish for
which the culture is grown bacterial
culture is grown and for experimentation
purpose so once what happened was a
petri dish was left open by mistake like
when he went back home after his work he
forgot to close the petri dish so it was
just left open by mistake and when he
came back came back later he observed
that the petri dish was contaminated by
Bluegreen born so this is the second
loop focus bacterial growth this is what
he was studying in this petri dish now
when he left it kept it open for some
time and that too by mistake he did not
purposely leave it open but later you
found that there was some more growth on
one side of the petri dish so this was
his observation and this mold growth was
quite visible and the most important
thing that he observed was that this
mold contamination inhibited the
bacterial growth so wherever this mold
growth had taken place there was no
bacterial growth taking place in that
part so this proved that mold inhibited
the truth of them
Tyria right so what did he get to do out
of this so he got to know that mold was
something which was stopping the
bacteria to grow so now whenever we get
bacterial infection why the bacterial
infection exists or widespread because
the bacteria continuously keep on
growing and bacteria they won't apply
really fast so that means in order to
treat bacterial infection also we need
something which can inhibit bacterial
growth so that is what he could see here
on this self-insured dish she could
actually find some organisms which could
inhibit the growth of the Staphylococcus
bacteria so what he concluded was more
released a substance that inhibited
bacterial growth so and what was born
more was nothing but a fun life mode is
an example of father so this one guy was
actually reducing some substance which
inhibited or which stopped the bacteria
from growing so penicillin was named
after this mold Penicillium okay down so
this moon was pregnancy hero Tatum and
after that bang divided was named as
penicillin so here if you see the
medicine was prepared from this moon
that is antibiotic was prepared from the
mode which is a micro organism which is
a micro and this microbe is going to
kill another microbe which can be
harmful so that is what anti by dick
does so this is how the first antibiotic
penicillin was discovered and you see
how this discovery happened just by
chance
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