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NCERT Textbook: इस जल प्रलय में | Class 9 Hindi (Kritika and Kshitij) PDF Download

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 Page 1


1- 'kj.k] vkM+ 2- og ”kehu tks tksrh&cksbZ u tkrh gks 3- Hk;adjrk
bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa
esjk xk¡o ,sls bykosQ esa gS tgk¡ gj lky if'pe] iwjc vkSj nf{k.k dh
dkslh] iukj] egkuank vkSj xaxk dh ck<+ ls ihfM+r izkf.k;ksa osQ lewg vkdj iukg
1
 ysrs
gSa] lkou&Hkknkss esa Vsªu dh f[kM+fd;ksa ls fo'kky vkSj likV ijrh
2
 ij xk;] cSy] HkSal]
cdjksa osQ g”kkjkssa >qaM&eqaM ns[kdj gh yksx ck<+ dh foHkhf"kdk
3
 dk vank”kk yxkrs gSaA
ijrh {ks=k esa tUe ysus osQ dkj.k vius xk¡o osQ vfèkdka'k yksxksa dh rjg eSa
Hkh rSjuk ugha tkurkA ¯drq nl o"kZ dh mez ls fiNys lky rdµCokW; LdkmV]
Lo;alsod] jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ vFkok fjyhI
+
kQooZQj dh gSfl;r ls ck<+&ihfM+r
{ks=kksa esa dke djrk jgk g¡w vkSj fy[kus dh ckr\ gkbZLowQy esa ck<+ ij ys[k
fy[kdj izFke iqjLdkj ikus ls ysdjµèkeZ;qx eas ^dFkk&n'kd* osQ varxZr ck<+ dh
iqjkuh dgkuh dks u, ikB osQ lkFk izLrqr dj pqdk g¡wA t; xaxk (1947)] Mk;u
dkslh (1948)] gfa;ksa dk iqy (1948) vkfn NqViqV fjiksrkZt osQ vykok
1
•
iQ.kh'ojukFk js.kq
•
2024-25
Page 2


1- 'kj.k] vkM+ 2- og ”kehu tks tksrh&cksbZ u tkrh gks 3- Hk;adjrk
bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa
esjk xk¡o ,sls bykosQ esa gS tgk¡ gj lky if'pe] iwjc vkSj nf{k.k dh
dkslh] iukj] egkuank vkSj xaxk dh ck<+ ls ihfM+r izkf.k;ksa osQ lewg vkdj iukg
1
 ysrs
gSa] lkou&Hkknkss esa Vsªu dh f[kM+fd;ksa ls fo'kky vkSj likV ijrh
2
 ij xk;] cSy] HkSal]
cdjksa osQ g”kkjkssa >qaM&eqaM ns[kdj gh yksx ck<+ dh foHkhf"kdk
3
 dk vank”kk yxkrs gSaA
ijrh {ks=k esa tUe ysus osQ dkj.k vius xk¡o osQ vfèkdka'k yksxksa dh rjg eSa
Hkh rSjuk ugha tkurkA ¯drq nl o"kZ dh mez ls fiNys lky rdµCokW; LdkmV]
Lo;alsod] jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ vFkok fjyhI
+
kQooZQj dh gSfl;r ls ck<+&ihfM+r
{ks=kksa esa dke djrk jgk g¡w vkSj fy[kus dh ckr\ gkbZLowQy esa ck<+ ij ys[k
fy[kdj izFke iqjLdkj ikus ls ysdjµèkeZ;qx eas ^dFkk&n'kd* osQ varxZr ck<+ dh
iqjkuh dgkuh dks u, ikB osQ lkFk izLrqr dj pqdk g¡wA t; xaxk (1947)] Mk;u
dkslh (1948)] gfa;ksa dk iqy (1948) vkfn NqViqV fjiksrkZt osQ vykok
1
•
iQ.kh'ojukFk js.kq
•
2024-25
2 Ñfrdk
esjs dbZ miU;klksa esa ck<+ dh
fouk'k&yhykvksa osQ vusd fp=k
vafdr gq, gSaA ¯drq] xk¡o esa
jgrs gq, ck<+ ls f?kjus] cgus]
Hkalus vkSj Hkksxus dk vuqHko
dHkh ugha gqvkA og rks iVuk
'kgj esa lu~ 1967 esa gh gqvk]
tc v_kjg ?kaVs dh vfojke
o`f"V osQ dkj.k iquiqu dk ikuh
jktsanzuxj] oaQdM+ckx rFkk vU;
fupys fgLlksa esa ?kql vk;k FkkA
vFkkZr ck<+ dks EkSaus Hkksxk gS] 'kgjh vkneh dh gSfl;r lsA blhfy, bl ckj tc
ck<+ dk ikuh izos'k djus yxk] iVuk dk if'peh bykdk NkrhHkj ikuh esa Mwc
x;k rks ge ?kj esa b±èku] vkyw] eksecÙkh] fn;klykbZ] ihus dk ikuh vkSj dkaiks”k
dh xksfy;k¡ tekdj cSB x, vkSj izrh{kk djus yxsA
lqcg lquk] jktHkou vkSj eq[;ea=kh&fuokl Iykfor
1
 gks x;k gSA nksigj esa
lwpuk feyh] xksy?kj ty ls f?kj x;k gS! (;ksa] lwpuk ck¡Xyk esa bl okD; ls
feyh Fkhµ^tkuks! xksy?kj Mwcs xsNs!*) vkSj ik¡p cts tc dkWI
+
kQh gkml tkus osQ
fy, (rFkk 'kgj dk gky ekywe djus) fudyk rks fjD'ksokys us g¡ldj
dgkµ¶vc dgk¡ tkb,xk\ dkWI
+
kQh gkml esa rks ^vcys* ikuh vk x;k gksxkA¸
¶pyks] ikuh oSQls ?kql x;k gS] ogh ns[kuk gSA¸ dgdj ge fjD'kk ij cSB
x,A lkFk esa u;h dfork osQ ,d fo'ks"kK&O;k[;krk&vkpk;Z&dfo fe=k Fks] tks
esjh vuojr
2
&vuxZy
3
&vux<+
4
 x|e; LoxrksfDr
5
 ls dHkh cksj ugha gksrs
(èkU; gSa!)A
1- ftl ij ck<+ dk ikuh p<+ vk;k gks] tks ty esa Mwc x;k gks 2- fujarj] yxkrkj 3- csrqdh]
fopkjghu] euekuh 4- csMkSy] Vs<+k&es<+k 5- vius vki esa oqQN cksyuk
•
2024-25
Page 3


1- 'kj.k] vkM+ 2- og ”kehu tks tksrh&cksbZ u tkrh gks 3- Hk;adjrk
bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa
esjk xk¡o ,sls bykosQ esa gS tgk¡ gj lky if'pe] iwjc vkSj nf{k.k dh
dkslh] iukj] egkuank vkSj xaxk dh ck<+ ls ihfM+r izkf.k;ksa osQ lewg vkdj iukg
1
 ysrs
gSa] lkou&Hkknkss esa Vsªu dh f[kM+fd;ksa ls fo'kky vkSj likV ijrh
2
 ij xk;] cSy] HkSal]
cdjksa osQ g”kkjkssa >qaM&eqaM ns[kdj gh yksx ck<+ dh foHkhf"kdk
3
 dk vank”kk yxkrs gSaA
ijrh {ks=k esa tUe ysus osQ dkj.k vius xk¡o osQ vfèkdka'k yksxksa dh rjg eSa
Hkh rSjuk ugha tkurkA ¯drq nl o"kZ dh mez ls fiNys lky rdµCokW; LdkmV]
Lo;alsod] jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ vFkok fjyhI
+
kQooZQj dh gSfl;r ls ck<+&ihfM+r
{ks=kksa esa dke djrk jgk g¡w vkSj fy[kus dh ckr\ gkbZLowQy esa ck<+ ij ys[k
fy[kdj izFke iqjLdkj ikus ls ysdjµèkeZ;qx eas ^dFkk&n'kd* osQ varxZr ck<+ dh
iqjkuh dgkuh dks u, ikB osQ lkFk izLrqr dj pqdk g¡wA t; xaxk (1947)] Mk;u
dkslh (1948)] gfa;ksa dk iqy (1948) vkfn NqViqV fjiksrkZt osQ vykok
1
•
iQ.kh'ojukFk js.kq
•
2024-25
2 Ñfrdk
esjs dbZ miU;klksa esa ck<+ dh
fouk'k&yhykvksa osQ vusd fp=k
vafdr gq, gSaA ¯drq] xk¡o esa
jgrs gq, ck<+ ls f?kjus] cgus]
Hkalus vkSj Hkksxus dk vuqHko
dHkh ugha gqvkA og rks iVuk
'kgj esa lu~ 1967 esa gh gqvk]
tc v_kjg ?kaVs dh vfojke
o`f"V osQ dkj.k iquiqu dk ikuh
jktsanzuxj] oaQdM+ckx rFkk vU;
fupys fgLlksa esa ?kql vk;k FkkA
vFkkZr ck<+ dks EkSaus Hkksxk gS] 'kgjh vkneh dh gSfl;r lsA blhfy, bl ckj tc
ck<+ dk ikuh izos'k djus yxk] iVuk dk if'peh bykdk NkrhHkj ikuh esa Mwc
x;k rks ge ?kj esa b±èku] vkyw] eksecÙkh] fn;klykbZ] ihus dk ikuh vkSj dkaiks”k
dh xksfy;k¡ tekdj cSB x, vkSj izrh{kk djus yxsA
lqcg lquk] jktHkou vkSj eq[;ea=kh&fuokl Iykfor
1
 gks x;k gSA nksigj esa
lwpuk feyh] xksy?kj ty ls f?kj x;k gS! (;ksa] lwpuk ck¡Xyk esa bl okD; ls
feyh Fkhµ^tkuks! xksy?kj Mwcs xsNs!*) vkSj ik¡p cts tc dkWI
+
kQh gkml tkus osQ
fy, (rFkk 'kgj dk gky ekywe djus) fudyk rks fjD'ksokys us g¡ldj
dgkµ¶vc dgk¡ tkb,xk\ dkWI
+
kQh gkml esa rks ^vcys* ikuh vk x;k gksxkA¸
¶pyks] ikuh oSQls ?kql x;k gS] ogh ns[kuk gSA¸ dgdj ge fjD'kk ij cSB
x,A lkFk esa u;h dfork osQ ,d fo'ks"kK&O;k[;krk&vkpk;Z&dfo fe=k Fks] tks
esjh vuojr
2
&vuxZy
3
&vux<+
4
 x|e; LoxrksfDr
5
 ls dHkh cksj ugha gksrs
(èkU; gSa!)A
1- ftl ij ck<+ dk ikuh p<+ vk;k gks] tks ty esa Mwc x;k gks 2- fujarj] yxkrkj 3- csrqdh]
fopkjghu] euekuh 4- csMkSy] Vs<+k&es<+k 5- vius vki esa oqQN cksyuk
•
2024-25
bl ty izy; esa           3
eksVj] LowQVj] VªSDVj] eksVjlkbfdy] Vªd] VeVe] lkbfdy] fjD'kk ij vkSj
iSny yksx ikuh ns[kus tk jgs gSa] yksx ikuh ns[kdj ykSV jgs gSaA ns[kus okyksa
dh vk¡[kksa esa] ”kqcku ij ,d gh ftKklkµ¶ikuh dgk¡ rd vk x;k gS\¸ ns[kdj
ykSVrs gq, yksxksa dh ckrphrµ¶izsQtj jksM ij vk x;k! vk Xk;k D;k] ikj dj
x;kA Jho`Q".kkiqjh] ikVfyiq=k dkyksuh] cksfjax jksM\ baMfLVª;y ,fj;k dk dgha
irk ugha---vc Hk^kpkthZ jksM ij ikuh vk x;k gksxkA---NkrhHkj ikuh gSA ohesal
dkWyst osQ ikl ^Mqcko&ikuh* gSA---vk jgk gS!---vk x;k!!---?kql x;k---Mwc
x;k---Mwc x;k---cg x;k!¸
ge tc dkWI
+
kQh gkml osQ ikl igq¡ps] dkWI
+
kQh gkml can dj fn;k x;k FkkA
lM+d osQ ,d fdukjs ,d eksVh Mksjh dh 'kDy esa xs#vk&>kx&isQu esa my>k
ikuh rs”kh ls ljdrk vk jgk FkkA eSaus dgkµ¶vkpk;Z th] vkxs tkus dh ”k:jr
ughaA oks nsf[k,µvk jgk gS---e`R;q dk rjy nwr!¸
vkrad osQ ekjs esjs nksuksa gkFk cjcl tqM+ x, vkSj lHk; iz.kke&fuosnu esa esjs
eq¡g ls oqQN vLiqQV
1
 'kCn fudys (gk¡] eSa cgqr dk;j vkSj Mjiksd gw¡!)A
fjD'kkokyk cgknqj gS dgrk gSµ^pfy, u] FkksM+k vkSj vkxs!*
HkhM+ dk ,d vkneh cksykµ¶, fjD'kk] djsaV cgqr rs”k gSA vkxs er tkvksA¸
eSaus fjD'kkokys ls vuqu; Hkjs Loj esa dgkµ¶ykSVk ys HkS;kA vkxs c<+us dh
”k:jr ughaA¸
fjD'kk eksM+dj ge ^vIljk* flusek gkWy (flusek&'kks can!) osQ cxy ls
xkaèkh eSnku dh vksj pysA iSysl gksVy vkSj bafM;u ,;jykbal nÝ
+
rj osQ lkeus
ikuh Hkj jgk FkkA ikuh dh rs”k èkkjk ij yky&gjs ^fu;u* foKkiuksa dh ijNkb;k¡
lSdM+ksa jaxhu lk¡iksa dh l`f"V dj jgh FkhaA xkaèkh eSnku dh js¯yx osQ lgkjs g”kkjksa
yksx [kM+s ns[k jgs FksA n'kgjk osQ fnu jkeyhyk osQ ^jke* osQ jFk dh izrh{kk
esa ftrus yksx jgrs gSa] mlls de ugha Fks---xkaèkh eSnku osQ vkuan&mRlo]
lHkk&lEesyu vkSj [ksyowQn dh lkjh Le`fr;ksa ij èkhjs&èkhjs ,d xSfjd
2
 vkoj.k
1- vLi"V 2- xs#, jax dk
•
2024-25
Page 4


1- 'kj.k] vkM+ 2- og ”kehu tks tksrh&cksbZ u tkrh gks 3- Hk;adjrk
bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa
esjk xk¡o ,sls bykosQ esa gS tgk¡ gj lky if'pe] iwjc vkSj nf{k.k dh
dkslh] iukj] egkuank vkSj xaxk dh ck<+ ls ihfM+r izkf.k;ksa osQ lewg vkdj iukg
1
 ysrs
gSa] lkou&Hkknkss esa Vsªu dh f[kM+fd;ksa ls fo'kky vkSj likV ijrh
2
 ij xk;] cSy] HkSal]
cdjksa osQ g”kkjkssa >qaM&eqaM ns[kdj gh yksx ck<+ dh foHkhf"kdk
3
 dk vank”kk yxkrs gSaA
ijrh {ks=k esa tUe ysus osQ dkj.k vius xk¡o osQ vfèkdka'k yksxksa dh rjg eSa
Hkh rSjuk ugha tkurkA ¯drq nl o"kZ dh mez ls fiNys lky rdµCokW; LdkmV]
Lo;alsod] jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ vFkok fjyhI
+
kQooZQj dh gSfl;r ls ck<+&ihfM+r
{ks=kksa esa dke djrk jgk g¡w vkSj fy[kus dh ckr\ gkbZLowQy esa ck<+ ij ys[k
fy[kdj izFke iqjLdkj ikus ls ysdjµèkeZ;qx eas ^dFkk&n'kd* osQ varxZr ck<+ dh
iqjkuh dgkuh dks u, ikB osQ lkFk izLrqr dj pqdk g¡wA t; xaxk (1947)] Mk;u
dkslh (1948)] gfa;ksa dk iqy (1948) vkfn NqViqV fjiksrkZt osQ vykok
1
•
iQ.kh'ojukFk js.kq
•
2024-25
2 Ñfrdk
esjs dbZ miU;klksa esa ck<+ dh
fouk'k&yhykvksa osQ vusd fp=k
vafdr gq, gSaA ¯drq] xk¡o esa
jgrs gq, ck<+ ls f?kjus] cgus]
Hkalus vkSj Hkksxus dk vuqHko
dHkh ugha gqvkA og rks iVuk
'kgj esa lu~ 1967 esa gh gqvk]
tc v_kjg ?kaVs dh vfojke
o`f"V osQ dkj.k iquiqu dk ikuh
jktsanzuxj] oaQdM+ckx rFkk vU;
fupys fgLlksa esa ?kql vk;k FkkA
vFkkZr ck<+ dks EkSaus Hkksxk gS] 'kgjh vkneh dh gSfl;r lsA blhfy, bl ckj tc
ck<+ dk ikuh izos'k djus yxk] iVuk dk if'peh bykdk NkrhHkj ikuh esa Mwc
x;k rks ge ?kj esa b±èku] vkyw] eksecÙkh] fn;klykbZ] ihus dk ikuh vkSj dkaiks”k
dh xksfy;k¡ tekdj cSB x, vkSj izrh{kk djus yxsA
lqcg lquk] jktHkou vkSj eq[;ea=kh&fuokl Iykfor
1
 gks x;k gSA nksigj esa
lwpuk feyh] xksy?kj ty ls f?kj x;k gS! (;ksa] lwpuk ck¡Xyk esa bl okD; ls
feyh Fkhµ^tkuks! xksy?kj Mwcs xsNs!*) vkSj ik¡p cts tc dkWI
+
kQh gkml tkus osQ
fy, (rFkk 'kgj dk gky ekywe djus) fudyk rks fjD'ksokys us g¡ldj
dgkµ¶vc dgk¡ tkb,xk\ dkWI
+
kQh gkml esa rks ^vcys* ikuh vk x;k gksxkA¸
¶pyks] ikuh oSQls ?kql x;k gS] ogh ns[kuk gSA¸ dgdj ge fjD'kk ij cSB
x,A lkFk esa u;h dfork osQ ,d fo'ks"kK&O;k[;krk&vkpk;Z&dfo fe=k Fks] tks
esjh vuojr
2
&vuxZy
3
&vux<+
4
 x|e; LoxrksfDr
5
 ls dHkh cksj ugha gksrs
(èkU; gSa!)A
1- ftl ij ck<+ dk ikuh p<+ vk;k gks] tks ty esa Mwc x;k gks 2- fujarj] yxkrkj 3- csrqdh]
fopkjghu] euekuh 4- csMkSy] Vs<+k&es<+k 5- vius vki esa oqQN cksyuk
•
2024-25
bl ty izy; esa           3
eksVj] LowQVj] VªSDVj] eksVjlkbfdy] Vªd] VeVe] lkbfdy] fjD'kk ij vkSj
iSny yksx ikuh ns[kus tk jgs gSa] yksx ikuh ns[kdj ykSV jgs gSaA ns[kus okyksa
dh vk¡[kksa esa] ”kqcku ij ,d gh ftKklkµ¶ikuh dgk¡ rd vk x;k gS\¸ ns[kdj
ykSVrs gq, yksxksa dh ckrphrµ¶izsQtj jksM ij vk x;k! vk Xk;k D;k] ikj dj
x;kA Jho`Q".kkiqjh] ikVfyiq=k dkyksuh] cksfjax jksM\ baMfLVª;y ,fj;k dk dgha
irk ugha---vc Hk^kpkthZ jksM ij ikuh vk x;k gksxkA---NkrhHkj ikuh gSA ohesal
dkWyst osQ ikl ^Mqcko&ikuh* gSA---vk jgk gS!---vk x;k!!---?kql x;k---Mwc
x;k---Mwc x;k---cg x;k!¸
ge tc dkWI
+
kQh gkml osQ ikl igq¡ps] dkWI
+
kQh gkml can dj fn;k x;k FkkA
lM+d osQ ,d fdukjs ,d eksVh Mksjh dh 'kDy esa xs#vk&>kx&isQu esa my>k
ikuh rs”kh ls ljdrk vk jgk FkkA eSaus dgkµ¶vkpk;Z th] vkxs tkus dh ”k:jr
ughaA oks nsf[k,µvk jgk gS---e`R;q dk rjy nwr!¸
vkrad osQ ekjs esjs nksuksa gkFk cjcl tqM+ x, vkSj lHk; iz.kke&fuosnu esa esjs
eq¡g ls oqQN vLiqQV
1
 'kCn fudys (gk¡] eSa cgqr dk;j vkSj Mjiksd gw¡!)A
fjD'kkokyk cgknqj gS dgrk gSµ^pfy, u] FkksM+k vkSj vkxs!*
HkhM+ dk ,d vkneh cksykµ¶, fjD'kk] djsaV cgqr rs”k gSA vkxs er tkvksA¸
eSaus fjD'kkokys ls vuqu; Hkjs Loj esa dgkµ¶ykSVk ys HkS;kA vkxs c<+us dh
”k:jr ughaA¸
fjD'kk eksM+dj ge ^vIljk* flusek gkWy (flusek&'kks can!) osQ cxy ls
xkaèkh eSnku dh vksj pysA iSysl gksVy vkSj bafM;u ,;jykbal nÝ
+
rj osQ lkeus
ikuh Hkj jgk FkkA ikuh dh rs”k èkkjk ij yky&gjs ^fu;u* foKkiuksa dh ijNkb;k¡
lSdM+ksa jaxhu lk¡iksa dh l`f"V dj jgh FkhaA xkaèkh eSnku dh js¯yx osQ lgkjs g”kkjksa
yksx [kM+s ns[k jgs FksA n'kgjk osQ fnu jkeyhyk osQ ^jke* osQ jFk dh izrh{kk
esa ftrus yksx jgrs gSa] mlls de ugha Fks---xkaèkh eSnku osQ vkuan&mRlo]
lHkk&lEesyu vkSj [ksyowQn dh lkjh Le`fr;ksa ij èkhjs&èkhjs ,d xSfjd
2
 vkoj.k
1- vLi"V 2- xs#, jax dk
•
2024-25
4 Ñfrdk
vkPNkfnr
1
 gks jgk FkkA gfj;kyh ij 'kuS%&'kuS% ikuh fiQjrs ns[kus dk vuqHko
loZFkk u;k FkkA blh chp ,d vèksM+] eqLVaM vkSj x¡okj ”kksj&”kksj ls cksy
mBkµ¶bZg! tc nkukiqj Mwc jgk Fkk rks iVfu;k¡ ckcw yksx myVdj ns[kus Hkh
ugha x,---vc cw>ks!¸
eSaus vius vkpk;Z&dfo fe=k ls dgkµ¶igpku yhft,A ;gh gS og ^vke
vkneh*] ftldh [kkst gj lkfgfR;d xksf"B;ksa esa gksrh jgrh gSA mlosQ oDrO;
esa ^nkukiqj* osQ cnys ^mÙkj fcgkj* vFkok dksbZ Hkh ck<+xzLr xzkeh.k {ks=k tksM+
nhft,---¸
'kke osQ lk<s+ lkr ct pqosQ vkSj vkdk'kok.kh osQ iVuk&osaQnz ls LFkkuh;
lekpkj izlkfjr gks jgk FkkA iku dh nqdkuksa osQ lkeus [kM+s yksx] pqipki] mRd.kZ
2
gksdj lqu jgs Fks---
¶---ikuh gekjs LVwfM;ks dh lhf<+;ksa rd igq¡p pqdk gS vkSj fdlh Hkh {k.k
LVwfM;ks esa izos'k dj ldrk gSA¸
lekpkj fny ngykus okyk FkkA dystk èkM+d mBkA fe=k osQ psgjs ij Hkh
vkrad dh dbZ js[kk,¡ mHkjhaA ¯drq ge rqjar gh lgt gks x,_ ;kuh psgjs ij ps"Vk
djosQ lgtrk ys vk,] D;ksafd gekjs pkjksa vksj dgha dksbZ ijs'kku u”kj ugha vk
jgk FkkA ikuh ns[kdj ykSVrs gq, yksx vke fnuksa dh rjg g¡l&cksy jgs Fks_ cfYd
vkt rfud vfèkd gh mRlkfgr FksA gk¡] nqdkuksa esa FkksM+h gM+cM+h FkhA uhps osQ
lkeku mQij fd, tk jgs FksA fjD'kk] VeVe] Vªd vkSj VsEiks ij lkeku ykns tk
jgs FksA [kjhn&fcØh can gks pqdh FkhA ikuokyksa dh fcØh vpkud c<+ xbZ FkhA
vklUu
3
 ladV ls dksbZ izk.kh vkrafdr ugha fn[k jgk FkkA
---ikuokys osQ vknedn vkbZus esa mrus yksxksa osQ chp gekjh gh lwjrsa
^eqgjZeh* u”kj vk jgh FkhaA eq>s yxk] vc ge ;gk¡ FkksM+h nsj Hkh Bgjsaxs rks ogk¡
[kM+s yksx fdlh Hkh {k.k BBkdj ge ij g¡l ldrs Fksµ¶”kjk bu cq”kfnyksa dk
1- <dk gqvk 2- lquus dks mRlqd 3- ikl vk;k gqvk
•
2024-25
Page 5


1- 'kj.k] vkM+ 2- og ”kehu tks tksrh&cksbZ u tkrh gks 3- Hk;adjrk
bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa bl ty izy; esa
esjk xk¡o ,sls bykosQ esa gS tgk¡ gj lky if'pe] iwjc vkSj nf{k.k dh
dkslh] iukj] egkuank vkSj xaxk dh ck<+ ls ihfM+r izkf.k;ksa osQ lewg vkdj iukg
1
 ysrs
gSa] lkou&Hkknkss esa Vsªu dh f[kM+fd;ksa ls fo'kky vkSj likV ijrh
2
 ij xk;] cSy] HkSal]
cdjksa osQ g”kkjkssa >qaM&eqaM ns[kdj gh yksx ck<+ dh foHkhf"kdk
3
 dk vank”kk yxkrs gSaA
ijrh {ks=k esa tUe ysus osQ dkj.k vius xk¡o osQ vfèkdka'k yksxksa dh rjg eSa
Hkh rSjuk ugha tkurkA ¯drq nl o"kZ dh mez ls fiNys lky rdµCokW; LdkmV]
Lo;alsod] jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ vFkok fjyhI
+
kQooZQj dh gSfl;r ls ck<+&ihfM+r
{ks=kksa esa dke djrk jgk g¡w vkSj fy[kus dh ckr\ gkbZLowQy esa ck<+ ij ys[k
fy[kdj izFke iqjLdkj ikus ls ysdjµèkeZ;qx eas ^dFkk&n'kd* osQ varxZr ck<+ dh
iqjkuh dgkuh dks u, ikB osQ lkFk izLrqr dj pqdk g¡wA t; xaxk (1947)] Mk;u
dkslh (1948)] gfa;ksa dk iqy (1948) vkfn NqViqV fjiksrkZt osQ vykok
1
•
iQ.kh'ojukFk js.kq
•
2024-25
2 Ñfrdk
esjs dbZ miU;klksa esa ck<+ dh
fouk'k&yhykvksa osQ vusd fp=k
vafdr gq, gSaA ¯drq] xk¡o esa
jgrs gq, ck<+ ls f?kjus] cgus]
Hkalus vkSj Hkksxus dk vuqHko
dHkh ugha gqvkA og rks iVuk
'kgj esa lu~ 1967 esa gh gqvk]
tc v_kjg ?kaVs dh vfojke
o`f"V osQ dkj.k iquiqu dk ikuh
jktsanzuxj] oaQdM+ckx rFkk vU;
fupys fgLlksa esa ?kql vk;k FkkA
vFkkZr ck<+ dks EkSaus Hkksxk gS] 'kgjh vkneh dh gSfl;r lsA blhfy, bl ckj tc
ck<+ dk ikuh izos'k djus yxk] iVuk dk if'peh bykdk NkrhHkj ikuh esa Mwc
x;k rks ge ?kj esa b±èku] vkyw] eksecÙkh] fn;klykbZ] ihus dk ikuh vkSj dkaiks”k
dh xksfy;k¡ tekdj cSB x, vkSj izrh{kk djus yxsA
lqcg lquk] jktHkou vkSj eq[;ea=kh&fuokl Iykfor
1
 gks x;k gSA nksigj esa
lwpuk feyh] xksy?kj ty ls f?kj x;k gS! (;ksa] lwpuk ck¡Xyk esa bl okD; ls
feyh Fkhµ^tkuks! xksy?kj Mwcs xsNs!*) vkSj ik¡p cts tc dkWI
+
kQh gkml tkus osQ
fy, (rFkk 'kgj dk gky ekywe djus) fudyk rks fjD'ksokys us g¡ldj
dgkµ¶vc dgk¡ tkb,xk\ dkWI
+
kQh gkml esa rks ^vcys* ikuh vk x;k gksxkA¸
¶pyks] ikuh oSQls ?kql x;k gS] ogh ns[kuk gSA¸ dgdj ge fjD'kk ij cSB
x,A lkFk esa u;h dfork osQ ,d fo'ks"kK&O;k[;krk&vkpk;Z&dfo fe=k Fks] tks
esjh vuojr
2
&vuxZy
3
&vux<+
4
 x|e; LoxrksfDr
5
 ls dHkh cksj ugha gksrs
(èkU; gSa!)A
1- ftl ij ck<+ dk ikuh p<+ vk;k gks] tks ty esa Mwc x;k gks 2- fujarj] yxkrkj 3- csrqdh]
fopkjghu] euekuh 4- csMkSy] Vs<+k&es<+k 5- vius vki esa oqQN cksyuk
•
2024-25
bl ty izy; esa           3
eksVj] LowQVj] VªSDVj] eksVjlkbfdy] Vªd] VeVe] lkbfdy] fjD'kk ij vkSj
iSny yksx ikuh ns[kus tk jgs gSa] yksx ikuh ns[kdj ykSV jgs gSaA ns[kus okyksa
dh vk¡[kksa esa] ”kqcku ij ,d gh ftKklkµ¶ikuh dgk¡ rd vk x;k gS\¸ ns[kdj
ykSVrs gq, yksxksa dh ckrphrµ¶izsQtj jksM ij vk x;k! vk Xk;k D;k] ikj dj
x;kA Jho`Q".kkiqjh] ikVfyiq=k dkyksuh] cksfjax jksM\ baMfLVª;y ,fj;k dk dgha
irk ugha---vc Hk^kpkthZ jksM ij ikuh vk x;k gksxkA---NkrhHkj ikuh gSA ohesal
dkWyst osQ ikl ^Mqcko&ikuh* gSA---vk jgk gS!---vk x;k!!---?kql x;k---Mwc
x;k---Mwc x;k---cg x;k!¸
ge tc dkWI
+
kQh gkml osQ ikl igq¡ps] dkWI
+
kQh gkml can dj fn;k x;k FkkA
lM+d osQ ,d fdukjs ,d eksVh Mksjh dh 'kDy esa xs#vk&>kx&isQu esa my>k
ikuh rs”kh ls ljdrk vk jgk FkkA eSaus dgkµ¶vkpk;Z th] vkxs tkus dh ”k:jr
ughaA oks nsf[k,µvk jgk gS---e`R;q dk rjy nwr!¸
vkrad osQ ekjs esjs nksuksa gkFk cjcl tqM+ x, vkSj lHk; iz.kke&fuosnu esa esjs
eq¡g ls oqQN vLiqQV
1
 'kCn fudys (gk¡] eSa cgqr dk;j vkSj Mjiksd gw¡!)A
fjD'kkokyk cgknqj gS dgrk gSµ^pfy, u] FkksM+k vkSj vkxs!*
HkhM+ dk ,d vkneh cksykµ¶, fjD'kk] djsaV cgqr rs”k gSA vkxs er tkvksA¸
eSaus fjD'kkokys ls vuqu; Hkjs Loj esa dgkµ¶ykSVk ys HkS;kA vkxs c<+us dh
”k:jr ughaA¸
fjD'kk eksM+dj ge ^vIljk* flusek gkWy (flusek&'kks can!) osQ cxy ls
xkaèkh eSnku dh vksj pysA iSysl gksVy vkSj bafM;u ,;jykbal nÝ
+
rj osQ lkeus
ikuh Hkj jgk FkkA ikuh dh rs”k èkkjk ij yky&gjs ^fu;u* foKkiuksa dh ijNkb;k¡
lSdM+ksa jaxhu lk¡iksa dh l`f"V dj jgh FkhaA xkaèkh eSnku dh js¯yx osQ lgkjs g”kkjksa
yksx [kM+s ns[k jgs FksA n'kgjk osQ fnu jkeyhyk osQ ^jke* osQ jFk dh izrh{kk
esa ftrus yksx jgrs gSa] mlls de ugha Fks---xkaèkh eSnku osQ vkuan&mRlo]
lHkk&lEesyu vkSj [ksyowQn dh lkjh Le`fr;ksa ij èkhjs&èkhjs ,d xSfjd
2
 vkoj.k
1- vLi"V 2- xs#, jax dk
•
2024-25
4 Ñfrdk
vkPNkfnr
1
 gks jgk FkkA gfj;kyh ij 'kuS%&'kuS% ikuh fiQjrs ns[kus dk vuqHko
loZFkk u;k FkkA blh chp ,d vèksM+] eqLVaM vkSj x¡okj ”kksj&”kksj ls cksy
mBkµ¶bZg! tc nkukiqj Mwc jgk Fkk rks iVfu;k¡ ckcw yksx myVdj ns[kus Hkh
ugha x,---vc cw>ks!¸
eSaus vius vkpk;Z&dfo fe=k ls dgkµ¶igpku yhft,A ;gh gS og ^vke
vkneh*] ftldh [kkst gj lkfgfR;d xksf"B;ksa esa gksrh jgrh gSA mlosQ oDrO;
esa ^nkukiqj* osQ cnys ^mÙkj fcgkj* vFkok dksbZ Hkh ck<+xzLr xzkeh.k {ks=k tksM+
nhft,---¸
'kke osQ lk<s+ lkr ct pqosQ vkSj vkdk'kok.kh osQ iVuk&osaQnz ls LFkkuh;
lekpkj izlkfjr gks jgk FkkA iku dh nqdkuksa osQ lkeus [kM+s yksx] pqipki] mRd.kZ
2
gksdj lqu jgs Fks---
¶---ikuh gekjs LVwfM;ks dh lhf<+;ksa rd igq¡p pqdk gS vkSj fdlh Hkh {k.k
LVwfM;ks esa izos'k dj ldrk gSA¸
lekpkj fny ngykus okyk FkkA dystk èkM+d mBkA fe=k osQ psgjs ij Hkh
vkrad dh dbZ js[kk,¡ mHkjhaA ¯drq ge rqjar gh lgt gks x,_ ;kuh psgjs ij ps"Vk
djosQ lgtrk ys vk,] D;ksafd gekjs pkjksa vksj dgha dksbZ ijs'kku u”kj ugha vk
jgk FkkA ikuh ns[kdj ykSVrs gq, yksx vke fnuksa dh rjg g¡l&cksy jgs Fks_ cfYd
vkt rfud vfèkd gh mRlkfgr FksA gk¡] nqdkuksa esa FkksM+h gM+cM+h FkhA uhps osQ
lkeku mQij fd, tk jgs FksA fjD'kk] VeVe] Vªd vkSj VsEiks ij lkeku ykns tk
jgs FksA [kjhn&fcØh can gks pqdh FkhA ikuokyksa dh fcØh vpkud c<+ xbZ FkhA
vklUu
3
 ladV ls dksbZ izk.kh vkrafdr ugha fn[k jgk FkkA
---ikuokys osQ vknedn vkbZus esa mrus yksxksa osQ chp gekjh gh lwjrsa
^eqgjZeh* u”kj vk jgh FkhaA eq>s yxk] vc ge ;gk¡ FkksM+h nsj Hkh Bgjsaxs rks ogk¡
[kM+s yksx fdlh Hkh {k.k BBkdj ge ij g¡l ldrs Fksµ¶”kjk bu cq”kfnyksa dk
1- <dk gqvk 2- lquus dks mRlqd 3- ikl vk;k gqvk
•
2024-25
bl ty izy; esa           5
gqfy;k ns[kks!¸ D;ksafd ogk¡ ,slh gh ckrsa pkjksa vksj ls mNkyh tk jgh Fkhaµ¶,d
ckj Mwc gh tk,!---èkuq"dksfV
1
 dh rjg iVuk ykirk u gks tk, dgha!---lc iki
èkqy tk,xk---pyks] xksy?kj osQ eq¡Ms ij rk'k dh xah ysdj cSB tk,¡---fcLdkseku
fcfYaMx dh Nr ij D;ksa ugha\---HkbZ] ;gh ekowQy ekSdk gSA bude VSDlokyksa dks
,su blh ekSosQ ij dkys dkjckfj;ksa osQ ?kj ij Nkik ekjuk pkfg,A vklkeh
ck&eky---¸
jktsanzuxj pkSjkgs ij ^eSx”khu dkWuZj* dh vkf[kjh lhf<+;ksa ij i=k&if=kdk,¡
iwoZor~ fcNh gqbZ FkhaA lkspk] ,d lIrkg dh [kqjkd ,d gh lkFk ys yw¡A D;k&D;k
ys yw¡\---gsMyh ps”k] ;k ,d gh lIrkg esa izsaQp @ teZu fl[kk nsus okyh fdrkcsa
vFkok ^;ksx* fl[kkus okyh dksbZ lfp=k fdrkc\ eq>s bl rjg fdrkcksa dks
myVrs&iyVrs ns[kdj nqdku dk ukStoku ekfyd o`Q".kk irk ugha D;ksa eqldjkus
yxkA fdrkcksa dks NksM+ dbZ ¯gnh&ck¡Xyk vkSj vaxzs”kh flus if=kdk,¡ ysdj ykSVkA
fe=k ls fonk gksrs gq, dgkµ¶irk ugha] dy ge fdrus ikuh esa jgsaA---cgjgky]
tks de ikuh esa jgsxkA og ”;knk ikuh esa i¡Qls fe=k dh lqfèk ysxkA¸
Ý
+
ySV esa igq¡pk gh Fkk fd ^tulaioZQ* dh xkM+h Hkh ykmMLihdj ls ?kks"k.kk
djrh gq, jktsanzuxj igq¡p pqdh FkhA gekjs ^xksyacj* osQ ikl dksbZ Hkh vkok”k] pkjksa
cM+s CykWdksa dh bekjrksa ls Vdjkdj e¡Mjkrh gqbZ] pkj ckj izfrèofur gksrh gSA
flusek vFkok ykWVjh dh izpkjxkM+h ;gk¡ igq¡prs ghµ^Hkkb;ks* iqdkjdj ,d {k.k
osQ fy, pqi gks tkrh gSA iqdkj e¡Mjkrh gqbZ izfrèofur gksrh gSµHkkb;ks---
Hkkb;ks---Hkkb;ks---! ,d vyeLr toku fjD'kkpkyd gS tks vdlj jkr osQ lUukVs
esa lokjh igq¡pkdj ykSVrs le; bl xksyacj osQ ikl vyki mBrk gSµ^lqu esjs caèkq
js&,&u---lqu eksjs ferok&ok&ok&;---*
xksyacj osQ ikl tulaioZQ dh xkM+h ls ,syku fd;k tkus yxkµ¶Hkkb;ks! ,slh
laHkkouk gS---fd ck<+ dk ikuh---jkf=k osQ djhc ckjg cts rd---yksgkuhiqj]
1- ,d LFkku dk uke
•
2024-25
Read More
17 videos|159 docs|33 tests

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FAQs on NCERT Textbook: इस जल प्रलय में - Class 9 Hindi (Kritika and Kshitij)

1. What is the article "इस जल प्रलय में" about?
Ans. The article "इस जल प्रलय में" is about the disastrous floods that occurred in Uttarakhand in 2013. It describes the extent of damage caused by the floods and the efforts taken by the government and the people to rescue those affected.
2. What led to the floods in Uttarakhand in 2013?
Ans. The floods in Uttarakhand in 2013 were caused by heavy rainfall and cloudbursts. The high intensity of rainfall led to the overflowing of rivers and landslides, causing widespread damage.
3. How did the government and the people respond to the disaster?
Ans. The government and the people responded to the disaster by launching rescue and relief operations. The army, air force, and paramilitary forces were deployed to rescue the stranded people. The government also provided financial and material aid to those affected. The people of Uttarakhand also came together to provide food, shelter, and clothing to those who had lost everything.
4. What measures can be taken to prevent such disasters in the future?
Ans. To prevent such disasters in the future, it is essential to take measures to mitigate the impact of natural calamities. This can be done through proper land-use planning, building codes, early warning systems, and evacuation plans. The government can also invest in infrastructure development, such as building dams and reservoirs, to manage water resources effectively.
5. How can we contribute to disaster relief efforts?
Ans. We can contribute to disaster relief efforts by donating money or essential supplies to relief organizations. We can also volunteer our time and skills to help those affected by the disaster. It is essential to verify the credibility of the relief organizations before making donations to ensure that the aid reaches those who need it the most.
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