NCERT Textbook: Patrakarita Ke Vividh Aayam | Hindi Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

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Rationalised 2023-24
Page 3


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Rationalised 2023-24
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Rationalised 2023-24
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Rationalised 2023-24
Page 4


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Rationalised 2023-24
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Rationalised 2023-24
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esa izdkf'kr ;k izlkfjr ugha gksrh gSA ,slk D;ksa gSa\ vkf[kj gj ?kVuk] lekpkj D;ksa ugha gS\ og
gj ckr lekpkj D;ksa ugha gS ftlosQ ckjs esa gesa igys tkudkjh ugha Fkh\ D;k ,d&nwljs dk
gkypky vkSj [kkst&[kcj ysuk lekpkj ugha gS\ D;k og lc lekpkj ugha gS ftlosQ ckjs esa
yksx tkuuk pkgrs gSa ;k ftlosQ ckjs esa yksxksa dks tkuuk pkfg,\ ;k fiQj lekpkj ogh gS ftls
,d i=kdkj lekpkj ekurk gS\ fu'p; gh] fe=kksa] fj'rsnkjksa vkSj lgd£e;ksa ls vkilh oqQ'ky{kse
vkSj gkypky dk vknku&iznku lekpkj ekè;eksa osQ fy, lekpkj ugha gSA bldh otg ;g gS
fd vkilh oqQ'ky{kse gekjk O;fDrxr ekeyk gSA gekjs u”knhdh yksxksa osQ vykok vU; fdlh
dh mlesa fnypLih ugha gksxhA
njvly] lekpkj ekè;e oqQN yksxksa osQ fy, ugha cfYd vius g”kkjksa&yk[kksa ikBdksa] Jksrkvksa
vkSj n'kZdksa osQ fy, dke djrs gSaA LokHkkfod gS fd os lekpkj osQ :i esa mUgha ?kVukvksa] eqíksa
vkSj leL;kvksa dks pqurs gSa ftUgsa tkuus esa vfèkd ls vfèkd yksxksa dh #fp gksrh gSA ;gk¡ gekjk
vk'k; ml rjg osQ lekpkjksa ls gS ftudk fdlh u fdlh :i esa lkoZtfud egÙo gksrk gSA ,sls
lekpkj vius le; osQ fopkj] ?kVuk vkSj leL;kvksa osQ ckjs esa fy[ks tkrs gSaA ;s lekpkj ,slh
le&lkef;d ?kVukvksa] leL;kvksa vkSj fopkjksa ij vkèkkfjr gksrs gSa ftUgsa tkuus dh vfèkd ls vfèkd
yksxksa esa fnypLih gksrh gS vkSj ftudk vfèkd ls vfèkd yksxksa osQ thou ij izHkko iM+rk gSA
blosQ ckotwn ,slk dksbZ i
+
QkewZyk ugha gS ftlosQ vkèkkj ij ;g dgk tk, fd ;g ?kVuk
lekpkj gS vkSj ;g ughaA i=kdkj vkSj lekpkj laxBu gh fdlh Hkh lekpkj osQ p;u] vkdkj
vkSj mldh izLrqfr dk fuèkkZj.k djrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd lekpkji=kksa vkSj lekpkj pSuyksa esa
lekpkjksa osQ p;u vkSj izLrqfr esa bruk I
+
kQoZQ fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA ,d lekpkji=k esa ,d lekpkj eq[;
lekpkj (yhM LVksjh) gks ldrk gS vkSj fdlh vU; lekpkji=k esa ogh lekpkj Hkhrj osQ i`"Bksa
ij dgha ,d dkWye dk lekpkj gks ldrk gSA ,d Vsyhfo”ku pSuy osQ fy, vferkHk cPPku
osQ tUefnu dk lekpkj igyk eq[; lekpkj gks ldrk gS rks laHko gS fd dksbZ vU; pSuy bjkd
esa ;q¼ dks ;k vkfFkZd fodkl dks ysdj fn, x, izèkkuea=kh osQ c;ku dks viuh eq[; [kcj cuk,A
Rationalised 2023-24
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i=kdkfjrk osQ fofo/ vk;ke
ysfdu fofHkUurkvksa dk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd lekpkj dh dksbZ ifjHkk"kk gh ugha gSA fdlh
?kVuk] leL;k vkSj fopkj esa oqQN ,sls rÙo gksrs gSa ftuosQ gksus ij mlosQ lekpkj cuus dh
laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gSA mu rÙoksa dks ysdj lekpkj ekè;eksa esa ,d vke lgefr gSA bl ppkZ osQ
mijkar vc ge lekpkj dks bl rjg ifjHkkf"kr dj ldrs gSaµ
lekpkj fdlh Hkh ,slh rk”kk ?kVuk] fopkj ;k leL;k dh fjiksVZ gS ftlesa vfèkd ls
vfèkd yksxksa dh #fp gks vkSj ftldk vfèkd ls vfèkd yksxksa ij izHkko iM+ jgk gksA
njvly] lekpkj ekè;eksa osQ miHkksDrk ;kuh ikBd] n'kZd vkSj Jksrk vius ewY;ksa] #fp;ksa
vkSj n`f"Vdks.kksa esa cgqr fofoèkrk,¡ vkSj fHkUurk,¡ fy, gksrs gSaA bUghsa osQ vuq:i mudh lwpuk
izkFkfedrk,¡ Hkh fuèkkZfjr gksrh gSaA ijaijkxr i=kdkfjrk osQ ekunaMksa osQ vuqlkj lekpkj ehfM;k
dks yksxksa dh lwpukvksa dh ”k:jr vkSj ek¡x osQ chp larqyu dk;e djuk iM+rk gSA oqQN ?kVuk,¡
,slh gksrh gSa ftuosQ ckjs esa gesa tkudkjh gksuk vko';d gS vkSj oqQN ?kVuk,¡ ,slh Hkh gksrh gSa
ftuosQ ckjs esa tkudkjh u Hkh gks rks dksbZ I
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kQoZQ ugha iM+rk] vycÙkk mUgsa i<+dj ;k lqudj
;k ns[kdj gesa e”kk vkrk gSA bu fnuksa lekpkj ekè;e esa e”ksnkj vkSj euksjatd lekpkjksa dks
izkFkfedrk nsus dk #>ku izcy gqvk gSA
lekpkj osQ rÙo
yksx vkerkSj ij vusd dke feytqy dj djrs gSaA lq[k&nq[k dh ?kM+h esa os lkFk gksrs gSaA esyksa
vkSj mRloksa esa os lkFk&lkFk gksrs gSaA nq?kZVukvksa vkSj foinkvksa osQ le; os lkFk gksrs gSaA bu
lcdks ge ?kVukvksa dh Js.kh esa j[k ldrs gSaA fiQj yksxksa dks vusd NksVh&cM+h leL;kvksa dk
lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA xk¡o] dLcs ;k 'kgj esa fctyh&ikuh osQ u gksus ls ysdj csjks”kxkjh]
egaxkbZ vkSj vkfFkZd eanh tSlh leL;kvksa ls mUgsa tw>uk gksrk gSA blh rjg yksx vius le;
dh ?kVukvksa] #>kuksa vkSj izfØ;kvksa ij lksprs gSaA mu ij fopkj djrs gSa vkSj bu lc dks ysdj
oqQN izfrfØ;k djrs gSa ;k dj ldrs gSaA bl rjg dh fopkj eaFku dh izfØ;k osQ osaQæ esa
?kVukvksa vkSj leL;kvksa osQ dkj.kksa] izHkko vkSj ifj.kkeksa dk lanHkZ Hkh jgrk gSA ysfdu dksbZ
?kVuk] leL;k ;k fopkj dc vkSj oSQls lekpkj curk gS\ vkf[kj os dkSu&ls dkjd gSa ftuosQ
gksus ij dksbZ ?kVuk [kcj cu tkrh gS\
lkekU; rkSj ij fdlh Hkh ?kVuk] fopkj vkSj leL;k ls tc lekt osQ cM+s rcosQ dk
ljksdkj gks rks ge ;g dg ldrs gSa fd ;g lekpkj cuus osQ ;ksX; gSA ysfdu fdlh ?kVuk]
fopkj vkSj leL;k osQ lekpkj cuus dh laHkkouk rc c<+ tkrh gS] tc muesa fuEufyf[kr esa
ls oqQN vfèkdka'k ;k lHkh rÙo 'kkfey gksaµ
4 uohurk
4 fudVrk
4 izHkko
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 5


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izeq[k gSaA
Rationalised 2023-24
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yxHkx jks”k feyrs gSaA dHkh ck”kkj esa] dHkh jkg pyrs vkSj dHkh ,d&nwljs osQ ?kj ijA HksaV
ls igys osQ oqQN feuV dh mudh ckrphr ij è;ku nhft,A gj fnu mudk igyk loky D;k
gksrk gS\ ^D;k gkypky gS\* ;k ^oSQls gSa\* ;k fiQj ^D;k lekpkj gS\* jks”kejkZ osQ bu lgt
iz'uksa esa Åijh rkSj ij dksbZ fo'ks"k ckr ugha fn[kkbZ nsrhA bu iz'uksa dks è;ku ls lqfu, vkSj
lksfp,A blesa vkidks ,d bPNk fn[kkbZ nsxhA u;k vkSj rk”kk lekpkj tkuus dhA fiNys oqQN
?kaVs dk gky tkuus dhA ;k chrh jkr dh [kcjsaA dy ls vkt osQ chp ;k oqQN ?kaVksa osQ varjky
esa vk, cnyko dh tkudkjhA ;kuh ge vius fe=kksa] fj'rsnkjksa vkSj lgd£e;ksa ls ges'kk mudk
oqQ'ky{kse ;k muosQ vklikl dh ?kVukvksa osQ ckjs esa tkuuk pkgrs gSaA
dgus dh ”k:jr ugha gS fd vius vklikl dh ph”kksa] ?kVukvksa vkSj yksxksa osQ ckjs esa rk”kk
tkudkjh j[kuk euq"; dk lgt LoHkko gSA mlesa ftKklk dk Hkko cgqr izcy gksrk gSA ;gh
ftKklk lekpkj vkSj O;kid vFkZ esa i=kdkfjrk dk ewy rÙo gSA ftKklk ugha jgsxh rks lekpkj
dh Hkh ”k:jr ugha jgsxhA i=kdkfjrk dk fodkl blh lgt ftKklk dks 'kkar djus dh dksf'k'k
osQ :i esa gqvkA og vkt Hkh blh ewy fl¼kar osQ vkèkkj ij dke djrh gSA
i=kdkfjrk D;k gS\
ge lwpuk,¡ ;k lekpkj D;ksa tkuuk pkgrs gSa\
njvly] lwpuk,¡ vxyk dne r; djus esa
gekjh lgk;rk djrh gSaA blh rjg ge vius
ikl&iM+ksl] 'kgj] jkT; vkSj ns'k&nqfu;k osQ ckjs
esa tkuuk pkgrs gSaA ;s lwpuk,¡ gekjs nSfud
thou osQ lkFk&lkFk iwjs lekt dks izHkkfor
djrh gSaA vkt ns'k&nqfu;k esa tks oqQN gks jgk gS]
mldh vfèkdka'k tkudkjh gesa lekpkj ekè;eksa
ls feyrh gSA lp rks ;g gS fd gekjs izR;{k
vuqHko ls ckgj dh nqfu;k osQ ckjs esa gesa
vfèkdka'k tkudkjh lekpkj ekè;eksa }kjk fn,
tkus okys lekpkjksa ls gh feyrh gSA
lekpkj
ge gj fnu lekpkji=k i<+rs gSa ;k Vsyhfo”ku
vkSj jsfM;ks ij lekpkj lqurs gSa ;k fiQj baVjusV
ij lekpkj ns[krs vkSj i<+rs gSaA bu fofHkUu
lekpkj ekè;eksa osQ ”kfj;s nqfu;kHkj osQ lekpkj
gekjs ?kjksa esa igq¡prs gSaA lekpkj laxBuksa esa dke
xfrfofèk
vius 'kgj ;k ikl osQ 'kgj ls izdkf'kr gksus okys nks
lekpkji=kksa osQ eq[ki`"B dks è;ku ls if<+,A mu nksuksa
lekpkji=kksa osQ eq[ki`"B ij izdkf'kr lekpkjksa dh
vyx&vyx lwph cukb,A blosQ ckn nsf[k, fd dkSu&ls
lekpkj nksuksa lekpkji=kksa esa Nis gSa vkSj dkSu&ls lekpkj
,sls gSa tks nksuksa lekpkji=kksa esa vyx&vyx gSa\ ,slk D;ksa
gS] bl ij vius f'k{kd osQ lkFk ppkZ dhft,A
Rationalised 2023-24
1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 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1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 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vfHkO;fDr vkSj ekè;e
djus okys i=kdkj ns'k&nqfu;k esa ?kVus okyh ?kVukvksa dks lekpkj osQ :i esa ifjofrZr djosQ
ge rd igq¡pkrs gSaA blosQ fy, os jks”k lwpukvksa dk ladyu djrs gSa vkSj mUgsa lekpkj osQ
izk:i esa <kydj izLrqr djrs gSaA bl iwjh izfØ;k dks gh i=kdkfjrk dgrs gSaA
lekpkj dh oqQN ifjHkk"kk,¡
4 izsjd vkSj mÙksftr dj nsus okyh gj lwpuk lekpkj gSA
4 le; ij nh tkus okyh gj lwpuk lekpkj dk :i /kj.k dj ysrh gSA
4 fdlh ?kVuk dh fjiksVZ gh lekpkj gSA
4 lekpkj tYnh esa fy[kk x;k bfrgkl gS\
lekpkj D;k gS\
bruk rks vki tku gh x, gksaxs fd gj lwpuk lekpkj ugha gS ;kuh gj lwpuk lekpkj ekè;eksa
esa izdkf'kr ;k izlkfjr ugha gksrh gSA ,slk D;ksa gSa\ vkf[kj gj ?kVuk] lekpkj D;ksa ugha gS\ og
gj ckr lekpkj D;ksa ugha gS ftlosQ ckjs esa gesa igys tkudkjh ugha Fkh\ D;k ,d&nwljs dk
gkypky vkSj [kkst&[kcj ysuk lekpkj ugha gS\ D;k og lc lekpkj ugha gS ftlosQ ckjs esa
yksx tkuuk pkgrs gSa ;k ftlosQ ckjs esa yksxksa dks tkuuk pkfg,\ ;k fiQj lekpkj ogh gS ftls
,d i=kdkj lekpkj ekurk gS\ fu'p; gh] fe=kksa] fj'rsnkjksa vkSj lgd£e;ksa ls vkilh oqQ'ky{kse
vkSj gkypky dk vknku&iznku lekpkj ekè;eksa osQ fy, lekpkj ugha gSA bldh otg ;g gS
fd vkilh oqQ'ky{kse gekjk O;fDrxr ekeyk gSA gekjs u”knhdh yksxksa osQ vykok vU; fdlh
dh mlesa fnypLih ugha gksxhA
njvly] lekpkj ekè;e oqQN yksxksa osQ fy, ugha cfYd vius g”kkjksa&yk[kksa ikBdksa] Jksrkvksa
vkSj n'kZdksa osQ fy, dke djrs gSaA LokHkkfod gS fd os lekpkj osQ :i esa mUgha ?kVukvksa] eqíksa
vkSj leL;kvksa dks pqurs gSa ftUgsa tkuus esa vfèkd ls vfèkd yksxksa dh #fp gksrh gSA ;gk¡ gekjk
vk'k; ml rjg osQ lekpkjksa ls gS ftudk fdlh u fdlh :i esa lkoZtfud egÙo gksrk gSA ,sls
lekpkj vius le; osQ fopkj] ?kVuk vkSj leL;kvksa osQ ckjs esa fy[ks tkrs gSaA ;s lekpkj ,slh
le&lkef;d ?kVukvksa] leL;kvksa vkSj fopkjksa ij vkèkkfjr gksrs gSa ftUgsa tkuus dh vfèkd ls vfèkd
yksxksa esa fnypLih gksrh gS vkSj ftudk vfèkd ls vfèkd yksxksa osQ thou ij izHkko iM+rk gSA
blosQ ckotwn ,slk dksbZ i
+
QkewZyk ugha gS ftlosQ vkèkkj ij ;g dgk tk, fd ;g ?kVuk
lekpkj gS vkSj ;g ughaA i=kdkj vkSj lekpkj laxBu gh fdlh Hkh lekpkj osQ p;u] vkdkj
vkSj mldh izLrqfr dk fuèkkZj.k djrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd lekpkji=kksa vkSj lekpkj pSuyksa esa
lekpkjksa osQ p;u vkSj izLrqfr esa bruk I
+
kQoZQ fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA ,d lekpkji=k esa ,d lekpkj eq[;
lekpkj (yhM LVksjh) gks ldrk gS vkSj fdlh vU; lekpkji=k esa ogh lekpkj Hkhrj osQ i`"Bksa
ij dgha ,d dkWye dk lekpkj gks ldrk gSA ,d Vsyhfo”ku pSuy osQ fy, vferkHk cPPku
osQ tUefnu dk lekpkj igyk eq[; lekpkj gks ldrk gS rks laHko gS fd dksbZ vU; pSuy bjkd
esa ;q¼ dks ;k vkfFkZd fodkl dks ysdj fn, x, izèkkuea=kh osQ c;ku dks viuh eq[; [kcj cuk,A
Rationalised 2023-24
12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 31
i=kdkfjrk osQ fofo/ vk;ke
ysfdu fofHkUurkvksa dk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd lekpkj dh dksbZ ifjHkk"kk gh ugha gSA fdlh
?kVuk] leL;k vkSj fopkj esa oqQN ,sls rÙo gksrs gSa ftuosQ gksus ij mlosQ lekpkj cuus dh
laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gSA mu rÙoksa dks ysdj lekpkj ekè;eksa esa ,d vke lgefr gSA bl ppkZ osQ
mijkar vc ge lekpkj dks bl rjg ifjHkkf"kr dj ldrs gSaµ
lekpkj fdlh Hkh ,slh rk”kk ?kVuk] fopkj ;k leL;k dh fjiksVZ gS ftlesa vfèkd ls
vfèkd yksxksa dh #fp gks vkSj ftldk vfèkd ls vfèkd yksxksa ij izHkko iM+ jgk gksA
njvly] lekpkj ekè;eksa osQ miHkksDrk ;kuh ikBd] n'kZd vkSj Jksrk vius ewY;ksa] #fp;ksa
vkSj n`f"Vdks.kksa esa cgqr fofoèkrk,¡ vkSj fHkUurk,¡ fy, gksrs gSaA bUghsa osQ vuq:i mudh lwpuk
izkFkfedrk,¡ Hkh fuèkkZfjr gksrh gSaA ijaijkxr i=kdkfjrk osQ ekunaMksa osQ vuqlkj lekpkj ehfM;k
dks yksxksa dh lwpukvksa dh ”k:jr vkSj ek¡x osQ chp larqyu dk;e djuk iM+rk gSA oqQN ?kVuk,¡
,slh gksrh gSa ftuosQ ckjs esa gesa tkudkjh gksuk vko';d gS vkSj oqQN ?kVuk,¡ ,slh Hkh gksrh gSa
ftuosQ ckjs esa tkudkjh u Hkh gks rks dksbZ I
+
kQoZQ ugha iM+rk] vycÙkk mUgsa i<+dj ;k lqudj
;k ns[kdj gesa e”kk vkrk gSA bu fnuksa lekpkj ekè;e esa e”ksnkj vkSj euksjatd lekpkjksa dks
izkFkfedrk nsus dk #>ku izcy gqvk gSA
lekpkj osQ rÙo
yksx vkerkSj ij vusd dke feytqy dj djrs gSaA lq[k&nq[k dh ?kM+h esa os lkFk gksrs gSaA esyksa
vkSj mRloksa esa os lkFk&lkFk gksrs gSaA nq?kZVukvksa vkSj foinkvksa osQ le; os lkFk gksrs gSaA bu
lcdks ge ?kVukvksa dh Js.kh esa j[k ldrs gSaA fiQj yksxksa dks vusd NksVh&cM+h leL;kvksa dk
lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA xk¡o] dLcs ;k 'kgj esa fctyh&ikuh osQ u gksus ls ysdj csjks”kxkjh]
egaxkbZ vkSj vkfFkZd eanh tSlh leL;kvksa ls mUgsa tw>uk gksrk gSA blh rjg yksx vius le;
dh ?kVukvksa] #>kuksa vkSj izfØ;kvksa ij lksprs gSaA mu ij fopkj djrs gSa vkSj bu lc dks ysdj
oqQN izfrfØ;k djrs gSa ;k dj ldrs gSaA bl rjg dh fopkj eaFku dh izfØ;k osQ osaQæ esa
?kVukvksa vkSj leL;kvksa osQ dkj.kksa] izHkko vkSj ifj.kkeksa dk lanHkZ Hkh jgrk gSA ysfdu dksbZ
?kVuk] leL;k ;k fopkj dc vkSj oSQls lekpkj curk gS\ vkf[kj os dkSu&ls dkjd gSa ftuosQ
gksus ij dksbZ ?kVuk [kcj cu tkrh gS\
lkekU; rkSj ij fdlh Hkh ?kVuk] fopkj vkSj leL;k ls tc lekt osQ cM+s rcosQ dk
ljksdkj gks rks ge ;g dg ldrs gSa fd ;g lekpkj cuus osQ ;ksX; gSA ysfdu fdlh ?kVuk]
fopkj vkSj leL;k osQ lekpkj cuus dh laHkkouk rc c<+ tkrh gS] tc muesa fuEufyf[kr esa
ls oqQN vfèkdka'k ;k lHkh rÙo 'kkfey gksaµ
4 uohurk
4 fudVrk
4 izHkko
Rationalised 2023-24
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32
Rationalised 2023-24