Ans: (a)
A country with a lower numerical HDI rank (e.g., 1, 2, 3, etc.) is considered to have a higher position in global HDI rankings. The explanation states that Country ‘C’ has an HDI rank of 148, which does not make it "highly ranked." Instead, it implies lower human development compared to countries with higher numerical ranks. Thus, the answer provided is inconsistent with the logic of the HDI ranking system.
Q2: Which one of the following definitions is most suitable for the ‘Literacy Rate’? (CBSE 2024)
(a) The literate population at the global level
(b) The proportion of literate population in the seven years and above
(c) The total number of children attending school in a region
(d) The average number of schools in a region
Ans: (b)
The literacy rate refers to the proportion of people aged seven years and above who can read and write in a population. Option (b) is the correct answer because it describes literacy in terms of people’s ability to read and write above a certain age.
Q3: Which of the following is a key indicator used to measure a country’s development? (CBSE 2024)
(a) Primary Production
(b) Secondary Production
(c) Gross Domestic Product
(d) Net Domestic Product
Ans: (c)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a key indicator used to measure a country’s development. It represents the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a specific time period, showing how economically strong or weak the country is. This makes option (c) the correct answer.
Q4: How does the United Nations Development Program’s (UNDP’s) developmental criterion differ from the World Bank? Explain. (CBSE 2024)
Ans: The World Bank's criteria for measuring development are based on 'income' only. UNDP in the Human Development Report published by the Human Development Report, considers the following criteria.
(1) Betterment of the health of people
(2) Higher Educational level
(3) Higher per capita income
Ans: (a)
To find the average income, you add the incomes of all the families and divide by the number of families. Here, the total income is ₹10,000 + ₹20,000 + ₹30,000 + ₹40,000 = ₹1,00,000, and there are 4 families. So, the average income is ₹1,00,000 ÷ 4 = ₹25,000, making option (a) the correct answer.
Q6: "Different persons can have different developmental goals." (CBSE 2023)
OR
How do different people have different developmental goals? Explain with examples. (CBSE 2019, 14)
Ans: People have different developmental goals because they come from different backgrounds. For example, a developmental goal for a farmer might be better irrigation facilities, while for an unemployed youth it may mean employment opportunities.
Q7: Which of the following countries has the highest 'Life Expectancy’ at the birth’? (2023)
(a) Nepal
(b) Bangladesh
(c) India
(d) Pakistan
Ans: (b)
Life expectancy at birth refers to the average number of years a newborn is expected to live. Among the listed countries, Bangladesh has the highest life expectancy due to improvements in healthcare and living conditions, making option (b) the correct answer.
Q8: Which of the following countries has a better rank it the Human Development Index? (2023)
(a) Afghanistan
(b) Myanmar
(c) India
(d) Nepal
Ans: (c)
The Human Development Index (HDI) measures a country's overall achievement in health, education, and income. India has a better HDI rank compared to Afghanistan, Myanmar, and Nepal due to its larger economy, better educational facilities, and healthcare improvements, making option (c) the correct answer.
Q9: Read the following data and answer the question that follow:
How much is the Net Absence Ratio of Haryana ? Choose the appropriate option from the following: (CBSE 2023)
(a) 39
(b) 27
(c) 38
(d) 18
Ans: (a)
The Net Attendance Ratio tells us the percentage of children attending school. To find the Net Absence Ratio, subtract the Net Attendance Ratio from 100. For Haryana, the Net Attendance Ratio is 61, so the Net Absence Ratio is 100 - 61 = 39. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
Q10: Read the following statements about Human Development and choose the correct option:
(I) It is the composite Index prepared by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
(II) Parameters to measure it are Longevity, Literacy and Per Capita Income.
(III) Countries are ranked according to Developed and Low Developing countries.
(IV) World Bank also prepares report of Human Development on the basis of Quality of Life. (2023)
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I and III
(d) II and IV
Ans: (a)
Human Development is measured by a composite index created by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) using parameters like longevity, literacy, and per capita income, which are correctly stated in statements I and II. Statement III is not entirely accurate as the rankings are not just divided into "Developed" and "Low Developing" countries. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
Q11: The question of sustainability of development raises many fundamentally new issues about the nature and process of development’. Explain it with examples. (2023)
Ans: The question of sustainability of development raises many fundamentally new issues about the nature and process of development. For example:
Q12: Which one of the following is a developmental goal of the factory workers?
(a) Better wages
(b) Better technology
(c) More hours of work
(d) More labour work (CBSE 2023)
Ans: (a)
For factory workers, a primary developmental goal is better wages, as it directly improves their standard of living and provides economic security. Higher wages allow them to meet their needs and improve their quality of life. The other options, such as more hours of work or more labor work, do not necessarily align with workers' goals for development, as these may lead to greater physical strain without necessarily improving their financial or living conditions. Better technology might be beneficial but is more relevant to productivity rather than directly addressing workers' personal developmental goals.
Therefore, the correct answer is (a) Better wages.
Ans: (c)
Sol: Suppose the income of fourth family is x. According to question.
⇒ x + 28000 = 40000
⇒ x = ₹12000
Ans: Development means continuous progress or i increase in real per-capita income. In other words, there is i improvement in economic welfare of the people and their standard of living.
The four characteristics of development are:
(i) Developmental goals are different for different people.
(ii) What may be development for one may not be development for the other.
(iii) For development people look at a mix of goals.
(iv) Different persons could have different as well as conflicting notions of country's development.
Q15: In what respect is the criterion used by the UNDP different from that of the World Bank? What are the limitations of the criterion used by the World Bank? (2021)
Ans: The World Bank uses per capita income to measure the development. But it does not give the clear picture about the condition of the people in the country.
That is why UNDP has adopted Human Development index. The Human Development Index (HDI) is based on:
(i) Per capita income: When the total national income of the country is divided by its population, we get the per capita income.
(ii) Life expectancy: It measures the average age of a person in a country. It helps us to know the health facilities of the country.
(iii) Literacy rate: Education is also one of the most important criteria for the development of a country.
(iv) Gross enrollment ratio: It measures the education gained at three levels—at the primary, secondary and higher education level.
Q16: Suppose there are four families in your locality, the average per capita income of whom is 10,000. If the income of three families is 6,000, 8,000 and 14,000 respectively, what would be the income of the fourth family?
(a) 5,000
(b) 10,000
(c) 12,000
(d) 15,000 (CBSE Term-1 2021)
Ans: (c)
Given:
The average per capita income of the four families is 10,000.
The incomes of three families are 6,000, 8,000, and 14,000.
To find the income of the fourth family, we can set up the equation as follows:
Total income of all four families = Average income × Number of families
=
Sum of incomes of the first three families = 6,000 + 8,000 + 14,000 =
Income of the fourth family = Total income - Sum of incomes of the first three families
=40,000 − 28,000 = 12,000
Therefore, the income of the fourth family is (c) 12,000.
Q17: There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided below:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Assertion (A) : K erala has low Infant Mortality Rate.
Reason (R) : Kerala has adequate provision of basic health and education facilities. (CBSE Term-1 2021)
Ans: (a)
Assertion (A): Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate. This statement is true. Kerala consistently reports one of the lowest infant mortality rates in India.
Reason (R): Kerala has adequate provision of basic health and education facilities. This statement is also true. Kerala’s low infant mortality rate is largely due to its robust healthcare infrastructure, high literacy rate, and strong emphasis on maternal and child health services.
Since the adequate provision of health and education facilities directly contributes to the low infant mortality rate in Kerala, (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Thus, the correct answer is (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
View Answer
Ans: (c)
Sol: Farmers who depending on rain for growing crops - Assured a higher support prices for their crops.
Q19: What is development? Why do different people have different development goals? Explain with four examples. (2020 C)
Ans: Development means continuous progress or i increase in real per-capita income. In other words, there is i improvement in economic welfare of the people and their standard of living.
The four characteristics of development are:
(i) Developmental goals are different for different people.
(ii) What may be development for one may not be development for the other.
(iii) For development people look at a mix of goals.
(iv) Different persons could have different as well as conflicting notions of country's development.
Q20: "Different people have different goals of development". Explain the statement. (2020)
Ans: Different people have different development goals:
(i) People have different developmental goals because people come from different background.
(ii) Different people have different dreams and aspirations.
(iii) People set their goals according to the changing circumstances and the prevailing situation
(iv) People may change the goal with the change in situation which could be contradictory to previous goal
(v) For example: A person willing to do higher education will change his goal go for employment because weak economic situation of the family.
Q21: Define the term per capita income. (CBSE 2020)
Ans: Per capita income measures the average income earned per person in a given area in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total income by its total population.
Q22: Define the term literacy rate. (2020)
Ans: Literacy rate is defined as the percentage of the population of a given age group (7 and above) that can read and write.
Q23: In comparison to Kerala, which state has the highest infant mortality rate? (2020)
Ans: In comparison to Kerala, Bihar has the highest infant mortality rate.
Q24: "Suppose the average income of a country is not being increased over time but the records of the National Income show a rise". What does this situation signify? (2020)
Ans: When the average income of a country is not being increased over time, but the records of the National Income show a rise it is a situation of unequal distribution of income.
Q25: Fill in the blank: Human Development Index (HDI) level in India can be improved through _____. (2020)
Ans: (i) Increasing educational level of the people.
(ii) Increasing their health status.
(iii) Increasing people per capital income.
Q26: Suggest any three ways to maintain Body Mass Index. (2020)
Ans: The three ways to maintain Body Mass Index (BMI) are:
Q27: Why is the issue of sustainability important for development? Explain. (CBSE 2020)
Ans: The issue of sustainability is important for development because of the passage of time the generation changes and with this change society wants more and more benefits from the resources which are present in our nature. Because of the increasing needs ol people of our society, things are decaying day by day, an excessive use is making things worse. If the speed of using resources remains the same then the available resources will be exhausted soon and our coming generation will stay deprived of all kind of needs. The issue of sustainability is important for development because of the following reasons:
(a) The growth and development should be done by keeping in mind future usage.
(b) If resources are not sustained, then our natural resources will stagnate after some time and no upcoming generation will be able to take advantage of these natural resources.
Q28: "Sustainability of development is a crucial aspect in present times". Support the statement with examples. (2020)
Ans: It is felt that the economic growth and industrialisation have led to reckless exploitation of natural resources. Sustainability promotes a rational use of natural resources.
(i) Currently, reckless exploitation of non-renewable natural resources is going on. Since the stock of natural resources like oil and minerals is limited, development should not take place at the cost of these scare natural resources as they are not renewable in the near future.
(ii) Ground water is an example of renewable resource. But if we use more than what is replenished by nature, then we would be overusing this resource.
(iii) Once the non-renewable resources would be exhausted, we would not be able to use them in future. So, using the resources judiciously will help in maintaining the sustainability of development of our ecosystem.
(iv) Economic development is a continuous process. Resources are to be used in such a way that they are not exploited. At the same time, development should not harm the environment.
Q29: Suggest any one way to create employment in semi-rural areas. (CBSE 2020)
Ans: Capacity building and establishing of food processing units in semi-rural areas can help create employment in semi-rural areas.
Q30: Suggest any three ways to improve public facilities in India. (CBSE 2020)
Ans: Public facilities are the base for any development in a country. Three ways to improve public facilities in India are:
(1) Accessible and affordable education must be ensured to all the children of the country, irrespective of their caste, class or gender. More government and public schools should be opened, tuition fee should be reduced and education must be made free up to elementary level.
(2) Public Distribution system should be reformed to include people from the remotest of areas. Corruption in the distribution system should be checked and the food grains provided should be rigorously monitored for quality.
(3) Health facilities should be made free to children below 10 years of age and senior citizens, disadvantaged classes etc
Ans: A goal of landless rural laborers regarding their income may be to have more days of work and better wages.
Q32: What may be a goal of prosperous farmer of Punjab? (Delhi 2019)
Ans: A goal of a prosperous farmer in Punjab may be to have better irrigation facilities. They may also aspire to send their children to better schools and look for better yielding crop varieties.
Q33: What may be a developmental goal of urban unemployed youth? (CBSE 2019, 12)
Ans: A developmental goal of urban unemployed youth may be to get employed with a good salary package. They may also seek job opportunities that match their qualifications and requirements.
Q34: "Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries". Support the statement with an example. (2019)
Ans: Consequences of environment degradation do not respect national or state boundaries. This issue is no longer a regional or national issue. Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development Is essential for all the mankind, and it is our common responsibility to save the environment. These days, it is a matter of discussion among different countries of world. Global warming, acid rain etc. are not bound to a country and cannot be controlled by one nation. It is a global matter for thinking and finding the solutions
Q35: What may be one of the developmental goals of a girl who belongs to a rich urban family? (CBSE 2019, 14, 11)
Ans: The ideal developmental goals of a girl who belongs to a rich urban family may be getting the same freedom as her brother to pursue higher studies and earn accolades and wealth.
Q36: Mention the formula to calculate the BMI (Body Mass Index). (CBSE 2019)
Ans: Weight of person in kg and height in metres is taken. Divide the weight by the square of the height.
Ans: Average income is considered an important criterion for development because it represents the total income of a country divided by the total population. If the average income is adequate to meet the basic requirements and provide other facilities, then the country is considered developed.
Q38: Why does Kerala have a low infant mortality rate? (2017)
Ans: Kerala has a low infant mortality rate due to the high development of education and health facilities in the state.
Q39: On the basis of which three indicators of HDI 2004 Sri Lanka has a better rank than India? (2017)
Ans: On the basis of the following three indicators of HDI 2004, Sri Lanka has a better rank than India:
Q40: What is the meaning of development? Explain the two aspects of development. (2017)
Ans: Development refers to progress or improvement in lifestyle. Important aspects of development are:
Q41: What is average income? What is its importance? Mention its limitations related to development. (2017)
Ans: Average income refers to the total income of a nation (GDP) divided by its population, also known as per capita income. It is an essential measure for classifying countries as developed, underdeveloped, or developing.
Importance of average income:
Limitations of average income as a measure of development:
Q42: What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? Describe its limitations. (2017)
Ans: The World Bank primarily uses per capita income as the criterion for classifying different countries.
Limitations of using per capita income for classification:
Q43: How is it that the average person in Punjab has more income than the average person in Kerala but it lags behind in many other crucial areas? Explain. (2017)
Ans: The average person in Punjab may have a higher income compared to the average person in Kerala, but this does not necessarily imply a higher level of development in other crucial areas. There are several reasons for this discrepancy.
Firstly, income alone is not a comprehensive measure of development. Kerala has made significant progress in areas such as education and healthcare, which contribute to overall development. The state has a higher literacy rate and better access to healthcare facilities compared to Punjab.
Secondly, Kerala has implemented effective social welfare programs and initiatives that prioritize human development. For example, the state has invested in quality education and healthcare, leading to better outcomes in terms of literacy, life expectancy, and overall well-being.
Lastly, Punjab may face challenges in terms of inadequate investments in social sectors and a lack of emphasis on human development. While income may be higher, the overall quality of life and access to essential services may be lower in Punjab compared to Kerala.
Therefore, it is important to consider multiple indicators of development, including education, healthcare, and overall well-being, rather than focusing solely on income, to assess the true level of development in a region.
Ans: For development, people look at a mix of goals, for example:
Q45: Explain the factors on which the quality of life depends. (CBSE 2016)
Ans: The quality of life depends upon the following factors:
Q46: Explain the three components of the Human Development Index. (2016)
Ans: The three components of the Human Development Index are:
Q47: Which three efforts should be made by any country to improve its HDI? (2016)
Ans: The three efforts which could be made by any country to improve its HDI are:
Q48: What is sustainable development? Why is the issue of sustainability important for development? Explain. (2016)
Ans: Sustainable development means development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of future generations.
The issue of sustainability is important and desirable for development because:
Q49: What is national development? What aspects are covered under national development? (2016)
Ans: National development refers to a nation's ability to improve the standard of living and well-being of its population.
Aspects covered under national development include:
Q50: Explain the importance of sustainable development by giving the example of groundwater. (CBSE 2016)
Ans: Groundwater is an important natural resource that exemplifies the importance of sustainable development.
Here's how:
Ans: To have access to better resources like food, transportation and communication facilities.
Q52: What does Sustainability of development mean? How can sustainable development be achieved? (CBSE 2015)
Ans: Sustainable development is the only way in which without sacrificing the quality of the environment for future generations, the present generations can continue to develop. Sustainable Development is significant because:
(1) It encourages the growth that minimises environmental issues.
(2) It is the only way to address the concerns of the future generation along with accommodating the needs of the current generation.
(3) It demands that resource reserves, including exhaustible natural and environmental resources, be maintained. This keeps the atmosphere healthy for the current generation. For example, recent studies suggest that because of overuse, groundwater in India is exhausted. This might severely affect the future generations heavily to the point of threatening their survival.
Q53: "The future generation may not have sufficient resources as compared to the present generation." Explain the statement by giving suitable examples. (CBSE 2012)
View AnswerAns: The future generation may not have sufficient resources as compared to the present generation. This can be asserted in the following ways:
(1) Resources like groundwater are getting overused everyday. They might get exhausted very soon.
(2) Even renewable resources like hydropower may get exhausted.
(3) Newer resources keep on adding to the line but they all have limited life due to the overuse.
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