Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Assertion and Reason Questions - Contemporary India - II

Assertion is true but reason is false. Reason : Arid soil is generally sandy in texture and saline in nature.

Assertion is not true : activities of mining controls land degradation because mining sites are abandoned offer excavation work, this results in over - burdening. Mining activities in the mentioned states has contribution to deforestation. ... T gullies render cultivation in those lands impossible.

Reason is true : 

(i) Resources are a function of human activities,

(ii) Human beings themselves are essential components of resources.

(iii) They transform material available in our environment into resources and use them.

For example river is a natural resource but river become a resource when its water is used for irrigation or power production.

The northern plains are formed by the alluvial deposits brought by the rivers – the Indus, the Ganga, and the Brahmaputra. These plains extend approximately 3,200 km from the east to the west.

(ii) Alluvial Soil: This type of soil is widespread in the Northern Plains of India. Alluvial soils are rich in humus as they are deposited by three important river of Himalayas, Indus river, Ganges and Brahmaputra River.

(iii) Arid Soil: Arid soils range from red to brown in colour. They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. In some areas the salt content is very high and common salt is obtained by evaporating the water. Due to the dry climate, high temperature, evaporation is faster and the soil lacks humus and moisture. After proper irrigation these soils become cultivable as has been in the case of western Rajasthan.

(iv) Forest Soil: The soils found in the Himalayas are diverse in character depending upon altitude, vegetation cover, slope, structure and stage. The major soil groups in the Himalayas are brown hill soil, sub-mountain soils, mountain meadow soil and red loamy soils, apart from other less significant types.

(ii) Laterite Soil: The laterite soils are commonly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and the hilly areas of Odisha and Assam.

(iii) Alluvial Soil: Through a narrow corridor in Rajasthan, they extend into the plains of Gujarat. In the Peninsular region, they are found in deltas of the east coast and in the river valleys. The alluvial soils vary in nature from sandy loam to clay. They are generally rich in potash but poor in phosphorous.

(iv) Black Soil: Black soils are derivatives of trap lava and are spread mostly across interior Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh on the Deccan lava plateau and the Malwa Plateau, where there is both moderate rainfall and underlying basaltic rock.

(i) It is formed by the deposition of alluvium brought down by the east flowing peninsular rivers.

(ii) It is highly fertile.

(iii) It consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.

(iv) It is rich in potash, phosphoric acid and lime but deficient in organic matter.

(i) Contour ploughing

(ii) Terrace farming

(iii) Strip cropping

(iv) Afforestation

Correct answer is : It has deficiency in water, infrastructure and vital minerals.

It is highly infertile.
Alluvial soil is known for its high fertility, making it one of the most productive types of soil for agriculture. It is formed by the deposition of alluvium brought down by rivers, which includes rich sediments such as silt, clay, sand, and minerals. Alluvial soil is often rich in nutrients like potash, phosphoric acid, and lime, which are beneficial for plant growth.