NCERT Textbook: Ways of Multiply and Divide

 Page 1


     Ways to Multiply and Divide
170
Maniratnam’s daughter Bela has learnt another method to 
multiply. She wrote like this and showed it to Bhanu, her brother.
Rupees 1800  +  150  +  60  +  5  =  ` ________
6 5
× 3 1
6 5
+ 1 9 5 0
( 6 5 × 1 )
( 6 5 × 3 0 )
Akka, how did 
you do this?
 Person  Salary in a day
Minister — ` 195
Horse rider — ` 76
Cook — ` 65
Maniratnam – The Cashier
Maniratnam is the cashier of king Jayan. His 
job is to find out the salary of all the people 
who work for the king. This chart shows how 
much salary each person gets in a day.
We can multiply 
65 with 31 in two 
steps. We know 
31 is 30 + 1. So, 
first multiply 65 
with 1 and then 
with 30.
7
60 5
60 × 30
1800
5 × 30
150
60 × 1
60
5 × 1
5
1
30
13
Maniratnam wanted to calculate 
the salary of the cook for the 
month of January. He wrote —
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Page 2


     Ways to Multiply and Divide
170
Maniratnam’s daughter Bela has learnt another method to 
multiply. She wrote like this and showed it to Bhanu, her brother.
Rupees 1800  +  150  +  60  +  5  =  ` ________
6 5
× 3 1
6 5
+ 1 9 5 0
( 6 5 × 1 )
( 6 5 × 3 0 )
Akka, how did 
you do this?
 Person  Salary in a day
Minister — ` 195
Horse rider — ` 76
Cook — ` 65
Maniratnam – The Cashier
Maniratnam is the cashier of king Jayan. His 
job is to find out the salary of all the people 
who work for the king. This chart shows how 
much salary each person gets in a day.
We can multiply 
65 with 31 in two 
steps. We know 
31 is 30 + 1. So, 
first multiply 65 
with 1 and then 
with 30.
7
60 5
60 × 30
1800
5 × 30
150
60 × 1
60
5 × 1
5
1
30
13
Maniratnam wanted to calculate 
the salary of the cook for the 
month of January. He wrote —
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Ways to Multiply and Divide
170
×
+
Akka, how did
you do this?
Maniratnam – The Cashier
We can multiply
65 with 31 in two
steps. We know
31 is 30 + 1. So,
first multiply 65
with 1 and then
with 30.
Now Bhanu tried to find the salary of a minister for the month of
January. He wanted to multiply 195 × 31.
Practicetime
1) Use Bela s method to multiply these numbers. ’
a) 32 × 46
b) 67 × 18
3 2
4 × 6
1 9 2
+ _ _ _ _
( 3 2 × 6 )
( 3 2 × 4 0 )
6 7
× 1 8
_ _ _
+ 6 7 0
( 6 7 × 8 )
( 6 7 × _ _ )
2) Do these in your notebook using Bela s method. ’
a) 47 × 19 b) 188 × 91
c) 63 × 57 d) 225 × 22
e) 360 × 12 f ) 163 × 42
1 9 5
×
1 9 5
3 1
_ _ _ 0 +
(195 30)
(195 1) ×
×
To multiply by 30
I first write a zero
here. Then I only have
to multiply by 3.
171
13
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Page 3


     Ways to Multiply and Divide
170
Maniratnam’s daughter Bela has learnt another method to 
multiply. She wrote like this and showed it to Bhanu, her brother.
Rupees 1800  +  150  +  60  +  5  =  ` ________
6 5
× 3 1
6 5
+ 1 9 5 0
( 6 5 × 1 )
( 6 5 × 3 0 )
Akka, how did 
you do this?
 Person  Salary in a day
Minister — ` 195
Horse rider — ` 76
Cook — ` 65
Maniratnam – The Cashier
Maniratnam is the cashier of king Jayan. His 
job is to find out the salary of all the people 
who work for the king. This chart shows how 
much salary each person gets in a day.
We can multiply 
65 with 31 in two 
steps. We know 
31 is 30 + 1. So, 
first multiply 65 
with 1 and then 
with 30.
7
60 5
60 × 30
1800
5 × 30
150
60 × 1
60
5 × 1
5
1
30
13
Maniratnam wanted to calculate 
the salary of the cook for the 
month of January. He wrote —
Reprint 2024-25
Ways to Multiply and Divide
170
×
+
Akka, how did
you do this?
Maniratnam – The Cashier
We can multiply
65 with 31 in two
steps. We know
31 is 30 + 1. So,
first multiply 65
with 1 and then
with 30.
Now Bhanu tried to find the salary of a minister for the month of
January. He wanted to multiply 195 × 31.
Practicetime
1) Use Bela s method to multiply these numbers. ’
a) 32 × 46
b) 67 × 18
3 2
4 × 6
1 9 2
+ _ _ _ _
( 3 2 × 6 )
( 3 2 × 4 0 )
6 7
× 1 8
_ _ _
+ 6 7 0
( 6 7 × 8 )
( 6 7 × _ _ )
2) Do these in your notebook using Bela s method. ’
a) 47 × 19 b) 188 × 91
c) 63 × 57 d) 225 × 22
e) 360 × 12 f ) 163 × 42
1 9 5
×
1 9 5
3 1
_ _ _ 0 +
(195 30)
(195 1) ×
×
To multiply by 30
I first write a zero
here. Then I only have
to multiply by 3.
171
13
Reprint 2024-25
Shantaram a Special Cook
h Shantaram is a special cook who 
comes only on party days. Last year he 
was called for only 28 days. For each 
day he has to be paid ` 165. Find out  
how much money he will get in all.
h If he is called for all days of the year, how 
muchsalarywill he  get?  
1 6 5
× 3 6 5
_ _ _
_ _ _ _
+ 4 9 5 0 0
(165×5)
(165×60)
(165×300)
Can you guess how many 
glasses of drinking water are 
used in a day in your colony?
h Nowfind the salaries of the minister and horse rider for 1 year.
Years and Years
a) Sohan drinks 8 glasses of water every day.
 How many glasses will he drink in one month?  ___________ h 
h How many glasses will he drink in one year?
 h If 125 people living in a colony drink 8 glasses of water in a 
day, how much water will they drink in a year?
172
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Page 4


     Ways to Multiply and Divide
170
Maniratnam’s daughter Bela has learnt another method to 
multiply. She wrote like this and showed it to Bhanu, her brother.
Rupees 1800  +  150  +  60  +  5  =  ` ________
6 5
× 3 1
6 5
+ 1 9 5 0
( 6 5 × 1 )
( 6 5 × 3 0 )
Akka, how did 
you do this?
 Person  Salary in a day
Minister — ` 195
Horse rider — ` 76
Cook — ` 65
Maniratnam – The Cashier
Maniratnam is the cashier of king Jayan. His 
job is to find out the salary of all the people 
who work for the king. This chart shows how 
much salary each person gets in a day.
We can multiply 
65 with 31 in two 
steps. We know 
31 is 30 + 1. So, 
first multiply 65 
with 1 and then 
with 30.
7
60 5
60 × 30
1800
5 × 30
150
60 × 1
60
5 × 1
5
1
30
13
Maniratnam wanted to calculate 
the salary of the cook for the 
month of January. He wrote —
Reprint 2024-25
Ways to Multiply and Divide
170
×
+
Akka, how did
you do this?
Maniratnam – The Cashier
We can multiply
65 with 31 in two
steps. We know
31 is 30 + 1. So,
first multiply 65
with 1 and then
with 30.
Now Bhanu tried to find the salary of a minister for the month of
January. He wanted to multiply 195 × 31.
Practicetime
1) Use Bela s method to multiply these numbers. ’
a) 32 × 46
b) 67 × 18
3 2
4 × 6
1 9 2
+ _ _ _ _
( 3 2 × 6 )
( 3 2 × 4 0 )
6 7
× 1 8
_ _ _
+ 6 7 0
( 6 7 × 8 )
( 6 7 × _ _ )
2) Do these in your notebook using Bela s method. ’
a) 47 × 19 b) 188 × 91
c) 63 × 57 d) 225 × 22
e) 360 × 12 f ) 163 × 42
1 9 5
×
1 9 5
3 1
_ _ _ 0 +
(195 30)
(195 1) ×
×
To multiply by 30
I first write a zero
here. Then I only have
to multiply by 3.
171
13
Reprint 2024-25
Shantaram a Special Cook
h Shantaram is a special cook who 
comes only on party days. Last year he 
was called for only 28 days. For each 
day he has to be paid ` 165. Find out  
how much money he will get in all.
h If he is called for all days of the year, how 
muchsalarywill he  get?  
1 6 5
× 3 6 5
_ _ _
_ _ _ _
+ 4 9 5 0 0
(165×5)
(165×60)
(165×300)
Can you guess how many 
glasses of drinking water are 
used in a day in your colony?
h Nowfind the salaries of the minister and horse rider for 1 year.
Years and Years
a) Sohan drinks 8 glasses of water every day.
 How many glasses will he drink in one month?  ___________ h 
h How many glasses will he drink in one year?
 h If 125 people living in a colony drink 8 glasses of water in a 
day, how much water will they drink in a year?
172
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Shantaram a Special Cook
×
+
b ’ ) If Soha s heart beats 72 times in one
minute, how many times does it beat in
one hour?
Now find out how many times it beats
in one day.
Count your own heart beats to find
out how many times your heart
beats in one week.
h
h
Guess how many
times it beats in
one year.
c)
two s?
d) A baby blue 20
Just imagine how much milk that
is! Find out in how many days your
family would use 200 L milk. How
much milk would the baby blue
whale drink in eight months?
A baby elephant drinks around 12 L of milk every
day.How much milkwillit drink in year
whale drinks around 0 L of milk in
one day.
Karunya — The Landlord
Karunya bought three fields.
Field (A)
28 m
27  m
Field (B)
36 m
12 m
Field (C)
27 m
19 m
173
Can you guess how many
glasses of drinking water are
used in a day in your colony?
Years and Years
172
Reprint 2024-25
Page 5


     Ways to Multiply and Divide
170
Maniratnam’s daughter Bela has learnt another method to 
multiply. She wrote like this and showed it to Bhanu, her brother.
Rupees 1800  +  150  +  60  +  5  =  ` ________
6 5
× 3 1
6 5
+ 1 9 5 0
( 6 5 × 1 )
( 6 5 × 3 0 )
Akka, how did 
you do this?
 Person  Salary in a day
Minister — ` 195
Horse rider — ` 76
Cook — ` 65
Maniratnam – The Cashier
Maniratnam is the cashier of king Jayan. His 
job is to find out the salary of all the people 
who work for the king. This chart shows how 
much salary each person gets in a day.
We can multiply 
65 with 31 in two 
steps. We know 
31 is 30 + 1. So, 
first multiply 65 
with 1 and then 
with 30.
7
60 5
60 × 30
1800
5 × 30
150
60 × 1
60
5 × 1
5
1
30
13
Maniratnam wanted to calculate 
the salary of the cook for the 
month of January. He wrote —
Reprint 2024-25
Ways to Multiply and Divide
170
×
+
Akka, how did
you do this?
Maniratnam – The Cashier
We can multiply
65 with 31 in two
steps. We know
31 is 30 + 1. So,
first multiply 65
with 1 and then
with 30.
Now Bhanu tried to find the salary of a minister for the month of
January. He wanted to multiply 195 × 31.
Practicetime
1) Use Bela s method to multiply these numbers. ’
a) 32 × 46
b) 67 × 18
3 2
4 × 6
1 9 2
+ _ _ _ _
( 3 2 × 6 )
( 3 2 × 4 0 )
6 7
× 1 8
_ _ _
+ 6 7 0
( 6 7 × 8 )
( 6 7 × _ _ )
2) Do these in your notebook using Bela s method. ’
a) 47 × 19 b) 188 × 91
c) 63 × 57 d) 225 × 22
e) 360 × 12 f ) 163 × 42
1 9 5
×
1 9 5
3 1
_ _ _ 0 +
(195 30)
(195 1) ×
×
To multiply by 30
I first write a zero
here. Then I only have
to multiply by 3.
171
13
Reprint 2024-25
Shantaram a Special Cook
h Shantaram is a special cook who 
comes only on party days. Last year he 
was called for only 28 days. For each 
day he has to be paid ` 165. Find out  
how much money he will get in all.
h If he is called for all days of the year, how 
muchsalarywill he  get?  
1 6 5
× 3 6 5
_ _ _
_ _ _ _
+ 4 9 5 0 0
(165×5)
(165×60)
(165×300)
Can you guess how many 
glasses of drinking water are 
used in a day in your colony?
h Nowfind the salaries of the minister and horse rider for 1 year.
Years and Years
a) Sohan drinks 8 glasses of water every day.
 How many glasses will he drink in one month?  ___________ h 
h How many glasses will he drink in one year?
 h If 125 people living in a colony drink 8 glasses of water in a 
day, how much water will they drink in a year?
172
Reprint 2024-25
Shantaram a Special Cook
×
+
b ’ ) If Soha s heart beats 72 times in one
minute, how many times does it beat in
one hour?
Now find out how many times it beats
in one day.
Count your own heart beats to find
out how many times your heart
beats in one week.
h
h
Guess how many
times it beats in
one year.
c)
two s?
d) A baby blue 20
Just imagine how much milk that
is! Find out in how many days your
family would use 200 L milk. How
much milk would the baby blue
whale drink in eight months?
A baby elephant drinks around 12 L of milk every
day.How much milkwillit drink in year
whale drinks around 0 L of milk in
one day.
Karunya — The Landlord
Karunya bought three fields.
Field (A)
28 m
27  m
Field (B)
36 m
12 m
Field (C)
27 m
19 m
173
Can you guess how many
glasses of drinking water are
used in a day in your colony?
Years and Years
172
Reprint 2024-25
h Find the area of all the three fields.
 Field (A) ____________ square metre.
 Field (B) ____________ square metre.
 Field (C) ____________ square metre.
He bought field (A) at the rate of ` 95 for a square metre, field 
(B) at ` 110 for a square metre and field (C) at ` 120 for a 
square metre.
h Find the cost of all three fields.
Oh! He does not 
give them the 
minimum wage?
And why does he 
pay less to Thulasi 
and more to her 
husband? Discuss.
Thulasi and her husband work on Karunya’s 
farm. The Government has said that farm 
workers should be paid at least ` 71 for one 
day’s work. But he pays ` 55 to Thulasi and 
` 58 to her husband.
If Thulasi works for 49 days, how much money 
does she  get? ____
If her husband works for 42 days, how much 
money does he  get? ________
Find the money they earn together __________
174
Hum, did he 
spend more than 
a lakh of rupees!
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