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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 - Coal and Petroleum

Exercises

Q1. What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?
Ans: Following are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels:
(a) They are more efficient
(b) They can be easily transported; either in cylinders or through pipelines
(c) They are less polluting than other fossil fuels


Q2. Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.
Ans: BitumenLiquid bitumen.Liquid bitumen.
Q3. Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?
Ans: Dead remains of plants got buried under the earth millions of years ago. Due to intense heat and pressure inside the earth they got converted into coal. The process of conversion of dead remains of plants into coal is called carbonization.

Formation of CoalFormation of Coal
Q4. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Fossil fuels are …………, ………… and ……………..
Ans: Coal, Petroleum and Natural gas

(b) Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called ……………..
Ans: Refining

(c) Least polluting fuel for vehicle is ………………
Ans: CNG


Q5. Tick True/False against the following statements:
(a) Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory.
Ans: False

(b) CNG is more polluting fuel than petrol. 
Ans: False

(c) Coke is almost pure form of carbon.
Ans: True

(d) Coal tar is a mixture of various substances.
Ans: True

(e) Kerosene is not a fossil fuel.
Ans: False


Q6. Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.
Ans: 

  • Fossil fuels are made from the remains of ancient plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. Over these millions of years, heat and pressure from the Earth's crust turned these remains into coal, oil, and natural gas. This process is extremely slow and can take millions of years to complete.
  • However, humans are using fossil fuels much faster than they can be naturally produced. We use them for many things, like driving cars, generating electricity, and heating our homes. Because we are burning these fuels so quickly and the Earth cannot replace them as fast as we use them, the amount of fossil fuels available is steadily decreasing.


Q7. Describe characteristics and uses of coke.
Ans: The following are the characteristics of coke:

  • It is the almost purest form of carbon. 
  • It is black, porous, and tough as a substance. 
  • When coke is burnt, there is no smoke produced. 
  • To obtain coke, the coal is burnt in the absence of air.

The following are the uses of coke:

  • It is used as a fuel. 
  • It is used in the extraction of different metals. 
  • It is used in the manufacturing of steel.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 - Coal and Petroleum


Q8. Explain the process of formation of petroleum.
Ans: The organisms which lived in the sea got buried at the bottom of oceans. Over a period of time, their dead bodies were covered with sediments. Intense pressure and heat under the earth’s layers transformed these organisms into petroleum.

Petrol formation.Petrol formation.


Q9. The following Table shows the total power shortage in India from 1991– 1997. Show the data in the form of a graph. Plot shortage percentage for the years on the Y-axis and the year on the X-axis.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 - Coal and PetroleumAns:

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 - Coal and Petroleum

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FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 - Coal and Petroleum

1. What are the different types of coal?
Ans. Coal is classified into four main types: anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite. These types differ in their carbon content, energy output, and usage.
2. How is coal formed?
Ans. Coal is formed from the remains of plants that lived and died millions of years ago. These plant remains were buried under layers of sediment and subjected to high pressure and heat, eventually turning into coal.
3. What are the advantages of using coal as a source of energy?
Ans. Coal is a reliable and abundant source of energy that is relatively inexpensive. It is used to generate electricity, heat homes, and fuel industrial processes. However, it also has environmental drawbacks such as air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
4. How is coal mined?
Ans. Coal is typically mined through either surface mining or underground mining. Surface mining involves removing layers of soil and rock to access coal seams, while underground mining involves tunneling underground to extract coal.
5. What are the environmental impacts of burning coal?
Ans. Burning coal releases pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the atmosphere, contributing to air pollution and respiratory problems. Coal combustion also produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change.
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