NCERT Textbook: नादान दोस्त | Hindi (Vasant) Class 6 PDF Download

 Page 1


uknku nksLr  13
osQ'ko osQ ?kj dkfuZl osQ mQij ,d fpfM+;k us vaMs fn, FksA osQ'ko vkSj mldh cgu
';kek nksuksa cM+s è;ku ls fpfM+;k dks ogk¡ vkrs&tkrs ns[kk djrsA losjs nksuksa vk¡[ksa eyrs
dkfuZl osQ lkeus igq¡p tkrs vkSj fpM+k vkSj fpfM+;k nksuksa dks ogk¡ cSBk ikrsA mudks
ns[kus esa nksuksa cPpksa dks u ekywe D;k e”kk feyrk] nwèk vkSj tysch dh lqèk Hkh u
jgrh FkhA nksuksa osQ fny esa rjg&rjg osQ loky mBrsA vaMs fdrus cM+s gksaxs\ fdl jax
osQ gksaxs\ fdrus gksaxs\ D;k [kkrs gksaxs\ muesa ls cPps fdl rjg fudy vk,¡xs\ cPpksa
osQ ij oSQls fudysaxs\ ?kksalyk oSQlk gS\ ysfdu bu ckrksa dk tokc nsus okyk dksbZ ughaA
u vEek¡ dks ?kj osQ dke&èkaèkksa ls I
+
kqQjlr Fkh] u ckcw th dks i<+us&fy[kus lsA nksuksa
cPps vkil gh esa loky&tokc djosQ vius fny dks rlYyh ns fy;k djrs FksA
';kek dgrhµD;ksa Hkb;k] cPps fudydj iqQjZ&ls mM+ tk,¡xs\
osQ'ko fo}kuksa tSls xoZ ls dgrkµugha jh ixyh] igys ij fudysaxsA cxSj ijksa osQ
cspkjs oSQls mM+saxs\
';kekµcPpksa dks D;k f[kyk,xh cspkjh\
osQ'ko bl isphnk loky dk tokc oqQN u ns ldrk FkkA
bl rjg rhu&pkj fnu xq”kj x,A nksuksa cPpksa dh ftKklk fnu&fnu c<+rh tkrh FkhA
vaMksa dks ns[kus osQ fy, os vèkhj gks mBrs FksA mUgksaus vuqeku yxk;k fd vc ”k:j
cPps fudy vk, gksaxsA cPpksa osQ pkjs dk loky vc muosQ lkeus vk [kM+k gqvkA
uknku nksLr
3
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 2


uknku nksLr  13
osQ'ko osQ ?kj dkfuZl osQ mQij ,d fpfM+;k us vaMs fn, FksA osQ'ko vkSj mldh cgu
';kek nksuksa cM+s è;ku ls fpfM+;k dks ogk¡ vkrs&tkrs ns[kk djrsA losjs nksuksa vk¡[ksa eyrs
dkfuZl osQ lkeus igq¡p tkrs vkSj fpM+k vkSj fpfM+;k nksuksa dks ogk¡ cSBk ikrsA mudks
ns[kus esa nksuksa cPpksa dks u ekywe D;k e”kk feyrk] nwèk vkSj tysch dh lqèk Hkh u
jgrh FkhA nksuksa osQ fny esa rjg&rjg osQ loky mBrsA vaMs fdrus cM+s gksaxs\ fdl jax
osQ gksaxs\ fdrus gksaxs\ D;k [kkrs gksaxs\ muesa ls cPps fdl rjg fudy vk,¡xs\ cPpksa
osQ ij oSQls fudysaxs\ ?kksalyk oSQlk gS\ ysfdu bu ckrksa dk tokc nsus okyk dksbZ ughaA
u vEek¡ dks ?kj osQ dke&èkaèkksa ls I
+
kqQjlr Fkh] u ckcw th dks i<+us&fy[kus lsA nksuksa
cPps vkil gh esa loky&tokc djosQ vius fny dks rlYyh ns fy;k djrs FksA
';kek dgrhµD;ksa Hkb;k] cPps fudydj iqQjZ&ls mM+ tk,¡xs\
osQ'ko fo}kuksa tSls xoZ ls dgrkµugha jh ixyh] igys ij fudysaxsA cxSj ijksa osQ
cspkjs oSQls mM+saxs\
';kekµcPpksa dks D;k f[kyk,xh cspkjh\
osQ'ko bl isphnk loky dk tokc oqQN u ns ldrk FkkA
bl rjg rhu&pkj fnu xq”kj x,A nksuksa cPpksa dh ftKklk fnu&fnu c<+rh tkrh FkhA
vaMksa dks ns[kus osQ fy, os vèkhj gks mBrs FksA mUgksaus vuqeku yxk;k fd vc ”k:j
cPps fudy vk, gksaxsA cPpksa osQ pkjs dk loky vc muosQ lkeus vk [kM+k gqvkA
uknku nksLr
3
Rationalised 2023-24
14 oLkar
fpfM+;k cspkjh bruk nkuk
dgk¡ ik,xh fd lkjs cPpksa
dk isV Hkjs! xjhc cPps Hkw[k
osQ ekjs pw¡&pw¡ djosQ ej
tk,¡xsA
bl eqlhcr dk vank”kk
djosQ nksuksa ?kcjk mBsA nksuksa
us I
+
kSQlyk fd;k fd dkfuZl ij FkksM+k&lk nkuk j[k fn;k tk,A ';kek [kq'k gksdj
cksyhµrc rks fpfM+;ksa dks pkjs osQ fy, dgha mM+dj u tkuk iM+sxk u\
osQ'koµugha] rc D;ksa tk,¡xh\
';kekµD;ksa Hkb;k] cPpksa dks èkwi u yxrh gksxh\
osQ'ko dk è;ku bl rdyhI
+
kQ dh rjI
+
kQ u x;k FkkA cksykµ”k:j rdyhI
+
kQ gks jgh
gksxhA cspkjs I;kl osQ ekjs rM+irs gksaxsA mQij Nk;k Hkh rks dksbZ ughaA
vkf[kj ;gh I
+
kSQlyk gqvk fd ?kksalys osQ mQij diM+s dh Nr cuk nsuh pkfg,A ikuh
dh I;kyh vkSj FkksM+s&ls pkoy j[k nsus dk izLrko Hkh LohÑr gks x;kA
nksuksa cPps cM+s pko ls dke djus yxsA ';kek ek¡ dh vk¡[k cpkdj eVosQ ls pkoy
fudky ykbZA osQ'ko us iRFkj dh I;kyh dk rsy pqiosQ ls ”kehu ij fxjk fn;k vkSj
mls [kwc lkI
+
kQ djosQ mlesa ikuh HkjkA
vc pk¡nuh osQ fy, diM+k dgk¡ ls vk,\ fiQj mQij cxSj NfM+;ksa osQ diM+k Bgjsxk
oSQls vkSj NfM+;k¡ [kM+h gksaxh oSQls\
osQ'ko cM+h nsj rd blh mèksM+cqu esa jgkA vkf[kjdkj mlus ;g eqf'dy Hkh gy
dj nhA ';kek ls cksykµtkdj owQM+k isaQdusokyh Vksdjh mBk ykvksA vEek¡ th dks er
fn[kkukA
';kekµog rks chp ls iQVh gqbZ gSA mlesa ls èkwi u tk,xh\
osQ'ko us >q¡>ykdj dgkµrw Vksdjh rks yk] eSa mldk lwjk[k can djus dh dksbZ
fgder fudkyw¡xkA
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 3


uknku nksLr  13
osQ'ko osQ ?kj dkfuZl osQ mQij ,d fpfM+;k us vaMs fn, FksA osQ'ko vkSj mldh cgu
';kek nksuksa cM+s è;ku ls fpfM+;k dks ogk¡ vkrs&tkrs ns[kk djrsA losjs nksuksa vk¡[ksa eyrs
dkfuZl osQ lkeus igq¡p tkrs vkSj fpM+k vkSj fpfM+;k nksuksa dks ogk¡ cSBk ikrsA mudks
ns[kus esa nksuksa cPpksa dks u ekywe D;k e”kk feyrk] nwèk vkSj tysch dh lqèk Hkh u
jgrh FkhA nksuksa osQ fny esa rjg&rjg osQ loky mBrsA vaMs fdrus cM+s gksaxs\ fdl jax
osQ gksaxs\ fdrus gksaxs\ D;k [kkrs gksaxs\ muesa ls cPps fdl rjg fudy vk,¡xs\ cPpksa
osQ ij oSQls fudysaxs\ ?kksalyk oSQlk gS\ ysfdu bu ckrksa dk tokc nsus okyk dksbZ ughaA
u vEek¡ dks ?kj osQ dke&èkaèkksa ls I
+
kqQjlr Fkh] u ckcw th dks i<+us&fy[kus lsA nksuksa
cPps vkil gh esa loky&tokc djosQ vius fny dks rlYyh ns fy;k djrs FksA
';kek dgrhµD;ksa Hkb;k] cPps fudydj iqQjZ&ls mM+ tk,¡xs\
osQ'ko fo}kuksa tSls xoZ ls dgrkµugha jh ixyh] igys ij fudysaxsA cxSj ijksa osQ
cspkjs oSQls mM+saxs\
';kekµcPpksa dks D;k f[kyk,xh cspkjh\
osQ'ko bl isphnk loky dk tokc oqQN u ns ldrk FkkA
bl rjg rhu&pkj fnu xq”kj x,A nksuksa cPpksa dh ftKklk fnu&fnu c<+rh tkrh FkhA
vaMksa dks ns[kus osQ fy, os vèkhj gks mBrs FksA mUgksaus vuqeku yxk;k fd vc ”k:j
cPps fudy vk, gksaxsA cPpksa osQ pkjs dk loky vc muosQ lkeus vk [kM+k gqvkA
uknku nksLr
3
Rationalised 2023-24
14 oLkar
fpfM+;k cspkjh bruk nkuk
dgk¡ ik,xh fd lkjs cPpksa
dk isV Hkjs! xjhc cPps Hkw[k
osQ ekjs pw¡&pw¡ djosQ ej
tk,¡xsA
bl eqlhcr dk vank”kk
djosQ nksuksa ?kcjk mBsA nksuksa
us I
+
kSQlyk fd;k fd dkfuZl ij FkksM+k&lk nkuk j[k fn;k tk,A ';kek [kq'k gksdj
cksyhµrc rks fpfM+;ksa dks pkjs osQ fy, dgha mM+dj u tkuk iM+sxk u\
osQ'koµugha] rc D;ksa tk,¡xh\
';kekµD;ksa Hkb;k] cPpksa dks èkwi u yxrh gksxh\
osQ'ko dk è;ku bl rdyhI
+
kQ dh rjI
+
kQ u x;k FkkA cksykµ”k:j rdyhI
+
kQ gks jgh
gksxhA cspkjs I;kl osQ ekjs rM+irs gksaxsA mQij Nk;k Hkh rks dksbZ ughaA
vkf[kj ;gh I
+
kSQlyk gqvk fd ?kksalys osQ mQij diM+s dh Nr cuk nsuh pkfg,A ikuh
dh I;kyh vkSj FkksM+s&ls pkoy j[k nsus dk izLrko Hkh LohÑr gks x;kA
nksuksa cPps cM+s pko ls dke djus yxsA ';kek ek¡ dh vk¡[k cpkdj eVosQ ls pkoy
fudky ykbZA osQ'ko us iRFkj dh I;kyh dk rsy pqiosQ ls ”kehu ij fxjk fn;k vkSj
mls [kwc lkI
+
kQ djosQ mlesa ikuh HkjkA
vc pk¡nuh osQ fy, diM+k dgk¡ ls vk,\ fiQj mQij cxSj NfM+;ksa osQ diM+k Bgjsxk
oSQls vkSj NfM+;k¡ [kM+h gksaxh oSQls\
osQ'ko cM+h nsj rd blh mèksM+cqu esa jgkA vkf[kjdkj mlus ;g eqf'dy Hkh gy
dj nhA ';kek ls cksykµtkdj owQM+k isaQdusokyh Vksdjh mBk ykvksA vEek¡ th dks er
fn[kkukA
';kekµog rks chp ls iQVh gqbZ gSA mlesa ls èkwi u tk,xh\
osQ'ko us >q¡>ykdj dgkµrw Vksdjh rks yk] eSa mldk lwjk[k can djus dh dksbZ
fgder fudkyw¡xkA
Rationalised 2023-24
uknku nksLr  15
';kek nkSM+dj Vksdjh mBk ykbZA osQ'ko us mlosQ lwjk[k esa FkksM+k&lk dkx”k Bw¡l
fn;k vkSj rc Vksdjh dks ,d Vguh ls fVdkdj cksykµns[k] ,sls gh ?kksalys ij mldh
vkM+ dj nw¡xkA rc oSQls èkwi tk,xh\
';kek us fny esa lkspk] Hkb;k fdrus pkykd gSa!
2
xjeh osQ fnu FksA ckcw th nÝ
+
rj x, gq, FksA vEek¡ nksuksa cPpksa dks dejs esa lqykdj
[kqn lks xbZ FkhaA ysfdu cPpksa dh vk¡[kksa esa vkt uhan dgk¡\ vEek¡ th dks cgykus osQ
fy, nksuksa ne jksosQ] vk¡[ksa can fd,]
ekSosQ dk bar”kkj dj jgs FksA T;ksa gh
ekywe gqvk fd vEek¡ th vPNh rjg
ls lks xb±] nksuksa pqiosQ ls mBs vkSj cgqr
èkhjs ls njok”ks dh flVduh [kksydj
ckgj fudy vk,A vaMksa dh fgI
+
kQk”kr
dh rS;kfj;k¡ gksus yxhaA osQ'ko dejs ls
,d LVwy mBk yk;k] ysfdu tc mlls
dke u pyk rks ugkus dh pkSdh ykdj
LVwy osQ uhps j[kh vkSj Mjrs&Mjrs LVwy
ij p<+kA
';kek nksuksa gkFkksa ls LVwy idM+s gq,
FkhA LVwy pkjksa Vk¡xsa cjkcj u gksus osQ
dkj.k ftl rjI
+
kQ ”;knk ncko ikrk Fkk]
”kjk&lk fgy tkrk FkkA ml oDr osQ'ko
dks fdruh rdyhI
+
kQ mBkuh iM+rh Fkh]
;g mlh dk fny tkurk FkkA nksuksa gkFkksa
ls dkfuZl idM+ ysrk vkSj ';kek dks
nch vkok”k ls Mk¡VrkµvPNh rjg idM+]
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 4


uknku nksLr  13
osQ'ko osQ ?kj dkfuZl osQ mQij ,d fpfM+;k us vaMs fn, FksA osQ'ko vkSj mldh cgu
';kek nksuksa cM+s è;ku ls fpfM+;k dks ogk¡ vkrs&tkrs ns[kk djrsA losjs nksuksa vk¡[ksa eyrs
dkfuZl osQ lkeus igq¡p tkrs vkSj fpM+k vkSj fpfM+;k nksuksa dks ogk¡ cSBk ikrsA mudks
ns[kus esa nksuksa cPpksa dks u ekywe D;k e”kk feyrk] nwèk vkSj tysch dh lqèk Hkh u
jgrh FkhA nksuksa osQ fny esa rjg&rjg osQ loky mBrsA vaMs fdrus cM+s gksaxs\ fdl jax
osQ gksaxs\ fdrus gksaxs\ D;k [kkrs gksaxs\ muesa ls cPps fdl rjg fudy vk,¡xs\ cPpksa
osQ ij oSQls fudysaxs\ ?kksalyk oSQlk gS\ ysfdu bu ckrksa dk tokc nsus okyk dksbZ ughaA
u vEek¡ dks ?kj osQ dke&èkaèkksa ls I
+
kqQjlr Fkh] u ckcw th dks i<+us&fy[kus lsA nksuksa
cPps vkil gh esa loky&tokc djosQ vius fny dks rlYyh ns fy;k djrs FksA
';kek dgrhµD;ksa Hkb;k] cPps fudydj iqQjZ&ls mM+ tk,¡xs\
osQ'ko fo}kuksa tSls xoZ ls dgrkµugha jh ixyh] igys ij fudysaxsA cxSj ijksa osQ
cspkjs oSQls mM+saxs\
';kekµcPpksa dks D;k f[kyk,xh cspkjh\
osQ'ko bl isphnk loky dk tokc oqQN u ns ldrk FkkA
bl rjg rhu&pkj fnu xq”kj x,A nksuksa cPpksa dh ftKklk fnu&fnu c<+rh tkrh FkhA
vaMksa dks ns[kus osQ fy, os vèkhj gks mBrs FksA mUgksaus vuqeku yxk;k fd vc ”k:j
cPps fudy vk, gksaxsA cPpksa osQ pkjs dk loky vc muosQ lkeus vk [kM+k gqvkA
uknku nksLr
3
Rationalised 2023-24
14 oLkar
fpfM+;k cspkjh bruk nkuk
dgk¡ ik,xh fd lkjs cPpksa
dk isV Hkjs! xjhc cPps Hkw[k
osQ ekjs pw¡&pw¡ djosQ ej
tk,¡xsA
bl eqlhcr dk vank”kk
djosQ nksuksa ?kcjk mBsA nksuksa
us I
+
kSQlyk fd;k fd dkfuZl ij FkksM+k&lk nkuk j[k fn;k tk,A ';kek [kq'k gksdj
cksyhµrc rks fpfM+;ksa dks pkjs osQ fy, dgha mM+dj u tkuk iM+sxk u\
osQ'koµugha] rc D;ksa tk,¡xh\
';kekµD;ksa Hkb;k] cPpksa dks èkwi u yxrh gksxh\
osQ'ko dk è;ku bl rdyhI
+
kQ dh rjI
+
kQ u x;k FkkA cksykµ”k:j rdyhI
+
kQ gks jgh
gksxhA cspkjs I;kl osQ ekjs rM+irs gksaxsA mQij Nk;k Hkh rks dksbZ ughaA
vkf[kj ;gh I
+
kSQlyk gqvk fd ?kksalys osQ mQij diM+s dh Nr cuk nsuh pkfg,A ikuh
dh I;kyh vkSj FkksM+s&ls pkoy j[k nsus dk izLrko Hkh LohÑr gks x;kA
nksuksa cPps cM+s pko ls dke djus yxsA ';kek ek¡ dh vk¡[k cpkdj eVosQ ls pkoy
fudky ykbZA osQ'ko us iRFkj dh I;kyh dk rsy pqiosQ ls ”kehu ij fxjk fn;k vkSj
mls [kwc lkI
+
kQ djosQ mlesa ikuh HkjkA
vc pk¡nuh osQ fy, diM+k dgk¡ ls vk,\ fiQj mQij cxSj NfM+;ksa osQ diM+k Bgjsxk
oSQls vkSj NfM+;k¡ [kM+h gksaxh oSQls\
osQ'ko cM+h nsj rd blh mèksM+cqu esa jgkA vkf[kjdkj mlus ;g eqf'dy Hkh gy
dj nhA ';kek ls cksykµtkdj owQM+k isaQdusokyh Vksdjh mBk ykvksA vEek¡ th dks er
fn[kkukA
';kekµog rks chp ls iQVh gqbZ gSA mlesa ls èkwi u tk,xh\
osQ'ko us >q¡>ykdj dgkµrw Vksdjh rks yk] eSa mldk lwjk[k can djus dh dksbZ
fgder fudkyw¡xkA
Rationalised 2023-24
uknku nksLr  15
';kek nkSM+dj Vksdjh mBk ykbZA osQ'ko us mlosQ lwjk[k esa FkksM+k&lk dkx”k Bw¡l
fn;k vkSj rc Vksdjh dks ,d Vguh ls fVdkdj cksykµns[k] ,sls gh ?kksalys ij mldh
vkM+ dj nw¡xkA rc oSQls èkwi tk,xh\
';kek us fny esa lkspk] Hkb;k fdrus pkykd gSa!
2
xjeh osQ fnu FksA ckcw th nÝ
+
rj x, gq, FksA vEek¡ nksuksa cPpksa dks dejs esa lqykdj
[kqn lks xbZ FkhaA ysfdu cPpksa dh vk¡[kksa esa vkt uhan dgk¡\ vEek¡ th dks cgykus osQ
fy, nksuksa ne jksosQ] vk¡[ksa can fd,]
ekSosQ dk bar”kkj dj jgs FksA T;ksa gh
ekywe gqvk fd vEek¡ th vPNh rjg
ls lks xb±] nksuksa pqiosQ ls mBs vkSj cgqr
èkhjs ls njok”ks dh flVduh [kksydj
ckgj fudy vk,A vaMksa dh fgI
+
kQk”kr
dh rS;kfj;k¡ gksus yxhaA osQ'ko dejs ls
,d LVwy mBk yk;k] ysfdu tc mlls
dke u pyk rks ugkus dh pkSdh ykdj
LVwy osQ uhps j[kh vkSj Mjrs&Mjrs LVwy
ij p<+kA
';kek nksuksa gkFkksa ls LVwy idM+s gq,
FkhA LVwy pkjksa Vk¡xsa cjkcj u gksus osQ
dkj.k ftl rjI
+
kQ ”;knk ncko ikrk Fkk]
”kjk&lk fgy tkrk FkkA ml oDr osQ'ko
dks fdruh rdyhI
+
kQ mBkuh iM+rh Fkh]
;g mlh dk fny tkurk FkkA nksuksa gkFkksa
ls dkfuZl idM+ ysrk vkSj ';kek dks
nch vkok”k ls Mk¡VrkµvPNh rjg idM+]
Rationalised 2023-24
16 oLkar
ojuk mrjdj cgqr ek: ¡ xkA exj cspkjh ';kek dk fny rks mQij dkfuZl ij FkkA ckj&ckj
mldk è;ku mèkj pyk tkrk vkSj gkFk <hys iM+ tkrsA
osQ'ko us T;ksa gh dkfuZl ij gkFk j[kk] nksuksa fpfM+;k¡ mM+ xb±A osQ'ko us ns[kk]
dkfuZl ij FkksM+s fruosQ fcNs gq, gSa vkSj mu ij rhu vaMs iM+s gSaA tSls ?kksalys mlus isM+ksa
ij ns[ks Fks] oSlk dksbZ ?kksalyk ugha gSA ';kek us uhps ls iwNkµoSQ cPps gSa Hkb;k\
osQ'koµrhu vaMs gSa] vHkh cPps ugha fudysA
';kekµ”kjk gesa fn[kk nks Hkb;k] fdrus cM+s gSa\
osQ'koµfn[kk nw¡xk] igys ”kjk fpFkM+s ys vk] uhps fcNk nw¡A cspkjs vaMs frudksa ij
iM+s gSaA
';kek nkSM+dj viuh iqjkuh èkksrh iQkM+dj ,d VqdM+k ykbZA osQ'ko us >qddj
diM+k ys fy;k] mldh dbZ rg djosQ mlus ,d xíh cukbZ vkSj mls frudksa ij
fcNkdj rhuksa vaMs èkhjs ls ml ij j[k fn,A
';kek us fiQj dgkµgedks Hkh fn[kk nks Hkb;kA
osQ'koµfn[kk nw¡xk] igys ”kjk og Vksdjh rks ns nks] mQij Nk;k dj nw¡A
';kek us Vksdjh uhps ls Fkek nh vkSj cksyhµvc rqe mrj vkvks] eSa Hkh rks ns[kw¡A
osQ'ko us Vksdjh dks ,d Vguh ls fVdkdj dgkµtk] nkuk vkSj ikuh dh I;kyh ys
vk] eSa mrj vkm¡Q rks rq>s fn[kk nw¡xkA
';kek I;kyh vkSj pkoy Hkh ykbZA osQ'ko us Vksdjh osQ uhps nksuksa ph”ksa j[k nha vkSj
vkfgLrk ls mrj vk;kA
';kek us fxM+fxM+kdj dgkµvc gedks Hkh p<+k nks Hkb;kA
osQ'koµrw fxj iM+sxhA
';kekµu fx: ¡ xh Hkb;k] rqe uhps ls idM+s jgukA
osQ'koµu Hkb;k] dgha rw fxj&fxjk iM+h rks vEek¡ th esjh pVuh gh dj MkysaxhA
dgsaxh fd rwus gh p<+k;k FkkA D;k djsxh ns[kdj\ vc vaMs cM+s vkjke ls gSaA tc cPps
fudysaxs] rks mudks ikysaxsA
nksuksa fpfM+;k¡ ckj&ckj dkfuZl ij vkrh Fkha vkSj cxSj cSBs gh mM+ tkrh FkhaA osQ'ko
us lkspk] ge yksxksa osQ Mj ls ugha cSBrhaA LVwy mBkdj dejs esa j[k vk;k] pkSdh tgk¡
dh Fkh] ogk¡ j[k nhA
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 5


uknku nksLr  13
osQ'ko osQ ?kj dkfuZl osQ mQij ,d fpfM+;k us vaMs fn, FksA osQ'ko vkSj mldh cgu
';kek nksuksa cM+s è;ku ls fpfM+;k dks ogk¡ vkrs&tkrs ns[kk djrsA losjs nksuksa vk¡[ksa eyrs
dkfuZl osQ lkeus igq¡p tkrs vkSj fpM+k vkSj fpfM+;k nksuksa dks ogk¡ cSBk ikrsA mudks
ns[kus esa nksuksa cPpksa dks u ekywe D;k e”kk feyrk] nwèk vkSj tysch dh lqèk Hkh u
jgrh FkhA nksuksa osQ fny esa rjg&rjg osQ loky mBrsA vaMs fdrus cM+s gksaxs\ fdl jax
osQ gksaxs\ fdrus gksaxs\ D;k [kkrs gksaxs\ muesa ls cPps fdl rjg fudy vk,¡xs\ cPpksa
osQ ij oSQls fudysaxs\ ?kksalyk oSQlk gS\ ysfdu bu ckrksa dk tokc nsus okyk dksbZ ughaA
u vEek¡ dks ?kj osQ dke&èkaèkksa ls I
+
kqQjlr Fkh] u ckcw th dks i<+us&fy[kus lsA nksuksa
cPps vkil gh esa loky&tokc djosQ vius fny dks rlYyh ns fy;k djrs FksA
';kek dgrhµD;ksa Hkb;k] cPps fudydj iqQjZ&ls mM+ tk,¡xs\
osQ'ko fo}kuksa tSls xoZ ls dgrkµugha jh ixyh] igys ij fudysaxsA cxSj ijksa osQ
cspkjs oSQls mM+saxs\
';kekµcPpksa dks D;k f[kyk,xh cspkjh\
osQ'ko bl isphnk loky dk tokc oqQN u ns ldrk FkkA
bl rjg rhu&pkj fnu xq”kj x,A nksuksa cPpksa dh ftKklk fnu&fnu c<+rh tkrh FkhA
vaMksa dks ns[kus osQ fy, os vèkhj gks mBrs FksA mUgksaus vuqeku yxk;k fd vc ”k:j
cPps fudy vk, gksaxsA cPpksa osQ pkjs dk loky vc muosQ lkeus vk [kM+k gqvkA
uknku nksLr
3
Rationalised 2023-24
14 oLkar
fpfM+;k cspkjh bruk nkuk
dgk¡ ik,xh fd lkjs cPpksa
dk isV Hkjs! xjhc cPps Hkw[k
osQ ekjs pw¡&pw¡ djosQ ej
tk,¡xsA
bl eqlhcr dk vank”kk
djosQ nksuksa ?kcjk mBsA nksuksa
us I
+
kSQlyk fd;k fd dkfuZl ij FkksM+k&lk nkuk j[k fn;k tk,A ';kek [kq'k gksdj
cksyhµrc rks fpfM+;ksa dks pkjs osQ fy, dgha mM+dj u tkuk iM+sxk u\
osQ'koµugha] rc D;ksa tk,¡xh\
';kekµD;ksa Hkb;k] cPpksa dks èkwi u yxrh gksxh\
osQ'ko dk è;ku bl rdyhI
+
kQ dh rjI
+
kQ u x;k FkkA cksykµ”k:j rdyhI
+
kQ gks jgh
gksxhA cspkjs I;kl osQ ekjs rM+irs gksaxsA mQij Nk;k Hkh rks dksbZ ughaA
vkf[kj ;gh I
+
kSQlyk gqvk fd ?kksalys osQ mQij diM+s dh Nr cuk nsuh pkfg,A ikuh
dh I;kyh vkSj FkksM+s&ls pkoy j[k nsus dk izLrko Hkh LohÑr gks x;kA
nksuksa cPps cM+s pko ls dke djus yxsA ';kek ek¡ dh vk¡[k cpkdj eVosQ ls pkoy
fudky ykbZA osQ'ko us iRFkj dh I;kyh dk rsy pqiosQ ls ”kehu ij fxjk fn;k vkSj
mls [kwc lkI
+
kQ djosQ mlesa ikuh HkjkA
vc pk¡nuh osQ fy, diM+k dgk¡ ls vk,\ fiQj mQij cxSj NfM+;ksa osQ diM+k Bgjsxk
oSQls vkSj NfM+;k¡ [kM+h gksaxh oSQls\
osQ'ko cM+h nsj rd blh mèksM+cqu esa jgkA vkf[kjdkj mlus ;g eqf'dy Hkh gy
dj nhA ';kek ls cksykµtkdj owQM+k isaQdusokyh Vksdjh mBk ykvksA vEek¡ th dks er
fn[kkukA
';kekµog rks chp ls iQVh gqbZ gSA mlesa ls èkwi u tk,xh\
osQ'ko us >q¡>ykdj dgkµrw Vksdjh rks yk] eSa mldk lwjk[k can djus dh dksbZ
fgder fudkyw¡xkA
Rationalised 2023-24
uknku nksLr  15
';kek nkSM+dj Vksdjh mBk ykbZA osQ'ko us mlosQ lwjk[k esa FkksM+k&lk dkx”k Bw¡l
fn;k vkSj rc Vksdjh dks ,d Vguh ls fVdkdj cksykµns[k] ,sls gh ?kksalys ij mldh
vkM+ dj nw¡xkA rc oSQls èkwi tk,xh\
';kek us fny esa lkspk] Hkb;k fdrus pkykd gSa!
2
xjeh osQ fnu FksA ckcw th nÝ
+
rj x, gq, FksA vEek¡ nksuksa cPpksa dks dejs esa lqykdj
[kqn lks xbZ FkhaA ysfdu cPpksa dh vk¡[kksa esa vkt uhan dgk¡\ vEek¡ th dks cgykus osQ
fy, nksuksa ne jksosQ] vk¡[ksa can fd,]
ekSosQ dk bar”kkj dj jgs FksA T;ksa gh
ekywe gqvk fd vEek¡ th vPNh rjg
ls lks xb±] nksuksa pqiosQ ls mBs vkSj cgqr
èkhjs ls njok”ks dh flVduh [kksydj
ckgj fudy vk,A vaMksa dh fgI
+
kQk”kr
dh rS;kfj;k¡ gksus yxhaA osQ'ko dejs ls
,d LVwy mBk yk;k] ysfdu tc mlls
dke u pyk rks ugkus dh pkSdh ykdj
LVwy osQ uhps j[kh vkSj Mjrs&Mjrs LVwy
ij p<+kA
';kek nksuksa gkFkksa ls LVwy idM+s gq,
FkhA LVwy pkjksa Vk¡xsa cjkcj u gksus osQ
dkj.k ftl rjI
+
kQ ”;knk ncko ikrk Fkk]
”kjk&lk fgy tkrk FkkA ml oDr osQ'ko
dks fdruh rdyhI
+
kQ mBkuh iM+rh Fkh]
;g mlh dk fny tkurk FkkA nksuksa gkFkksa
ls dkfuZl idM+ ysrk vkSj ';kek dks
nch vkok”k ls Mk¡VrkµvPNh rjg idM+]
Rationalised 2023-24
16 oLkar
ojuk mrjdj cgqr ek: ¡ xkA exj cspkjh ';kek dk fny rks mQij dkfuZl ij FkkA ckj&ckj
mldk è;ku mèkj pyk tkrk vkSj gkFk <hys iM+ tkrsA
osQ'ko us T;ksa gh dkfuZl ij gkFk j[kk] nksuksa fpfM+;k¡ mM+ xb±A osQ'ko us ns[kk]
dkfuZl ij FkksM+s fruosQ fcNs gq, gSa vkSj mu ij rhu vaMs iM+s gSaA tSls ?kksalys mlus isM+ksa
ij ns[ks Fks] oSlk dksbZ ?kksalyk ugha gSA ';kek us uhps ls iwNkµoSQ cPps gSa Hkb;k\
osQ'koµrhu vaMs gSa] vHkh cPps ugha fudysA
';kekµ”kjk gesa fn[kk nks Hkb;k] fdrus cM+s gSa\
osQ'koµfn[kk nw¡xk] igys ”kjk fpFkM+s ys vk] uhps fcNk nw¡A cspkjs vaMs frudksa ij
iM+s gSaA
';kek nkSM+dj viuh iqjkuh èkksrh iQkM+dj ,d VqdM+k ykbZA osQ'ko us >qddj
diM+k ys fy;k] mldh dbZ rg djosQ mlus ,d xíh cukbZ vkSj mls frudksa ij
fcNkdj rhuksa vaMs èkhjs ls ml ij j[k fn,A
';kek us fiQj dgkµgedks Hkh fn[kk nks Hkb;kA
osQ'koµfn[kk nw¡xk] igys ”kjk og Vksdjh rks ns nks] mQij Nk;k dj nw¡A
';kek us Vksdjh uhps ls Fkek nh vkSj cksyhµvc rqe mrj vkvks] eSa Hkh rks ns[kw¡A
osQ'ko us Vksdjh dks ,d Vguh ls fVdkdj dgkµtk] nkuk vkSj ikuh dh I;kyh ys
vk] eSa mrj vkm¡Q rks rq>s fn[kk nw¡xkA
';kek I;kyh vkSj pkoy Hkh ykbZA osQ'ko us Vksdjh osQ uhps nksuksa ph”ksa j[k nha vkSj
vkfgLrk ls mrj vk;kA
';kek us fxM+fxM+kdj dgkµvc gedks Hkh p<+k nks Hkb;kA
osQ'koµrw fxj iM+sxhA
';kekµu fx: ¡ xh Hkb;k] rqe uhps ls idM+s jgukA
osQ'koµu Hkb;k] dgha rw fxj&fxjk iM+h rks vEek¡ th esjh pVuh gh dj MkysaxhA
dgsaxh fd rwus gh p<+k;k FkkA D;k djsxh ns[kdj\ vc vaMs cM+s vkjke ls gSaA tc cPps
fudysaxs] rks mudks ikysaxsA
nksuksa fpfM+;k¡ ckj&ckj dkfuZl ij vkrh Fkha vkSj cxSj cSBs gh mM+ tkrh FkhaA osQ'ko
us lkspk] ge yksxksa osQ Mj ls ugha cSBrhaA LVwy mBkdj dejs esa j[k vk;k] pkSdh tgk¡
dh Fkh] ogk¡ j[k nhA
Rationalised 2023-24
uknku nksLr  17
';kek us vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw Hkjdj dgkµrqeus eq>s ugha fn[kk;k] eSa vEek¡ th ls
dg nw¡xhA
osQ'koµvEek¡ th ls dgsxh rks cgqr ek:¡ xk] dgs nsrk gw¡A
';kekµrks rqeus eq>s fn[kk;k D;ksa ugha\
osQ'koµvkSj fxj iM+rh rks pkj lj u gks tkrs!
';kekµgks tkrs] gks tkrsA ns[k ysuk eSa dg nw¡xh!
brus esa dksBjh dk njok”kk [kqyk vkSj ek¡ us èkwi ls vk¡[kksa dks cpkrs gq, dgkµrqe
nksuksa ckgj dc fudy vk,\ eSaus dgk u Fkk fd nksigj dks u fudyuk\ fdlus
fdokM+ [kksyk\
fdokM+ osQ'ko us [kksyk Fkk] ysfdu ';kek us ek¡ ls ;g ckr ugha dghA mls Mj
yxk fd Hkb;k fiV tk,¡xsA osQ'ko fny esa dk¡i jgk Fkk fd dgha ';kek dg u nsA vaMs
u fn[kk, Fks] blls vc mldks ';kek ij fo'okl u FkkA ';kek flI
+
kZQ eqgCcr osQ ekjs
pqi Fkh ;k bl dlwj esa fgLlsnkj gksus dh otg ls] bldk I
+
kSQlyk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
'kk;n nksuksa gh ckrsa FkhaA
ek¡ us nksuksa dks Mk¡V&MiVdj fiQj dejs esa can dj fn;k vkSj vki èkhjs&èkhjs mUgsa
ia[kk >yus yxhA vHkh flI
+
kZQ nks cts FksA ckgj rs”k yw py jgh FkhA vc nksuksa cPpksa
dks uhan vk xbZ FkhA
3
pkj cts ;dk;d ';kek dh uhan [kqyhA fdokM+ [kqys gq, FksA og nkSM+h gqbZ dkfuZl
osQ ikl vkbZ vkSj mQij dh rjI
+
kQ rkdus yxhA Vksdjh dk irk u FkkA la;ksx ls mldh
u”kj uhps xbZ vkSj og myVs ik¡o nkSM+rh gqbZ dejs esa tkdj ”kksj ls cksyhµHkb;k] vaMs
rks uhps iM+s gSa] cPps mM+ x,A
osQ'ko ?kcjkdj mBk vkSj nkSM+k gqvk ckgj vk;k rks D;k ns[krk gS fd rhuksa vaMs
uhps VwVs iM+s gSa vkSj muls dksbZ pwus dh&lh ph”k ckgj fudy vkbZ gSA ikuh dh I;kyh
Hkh ,d rjI
+
kQ VwVh iM+h gSA
Rationalised 2023-24