Key Concepts - The Story of Palampur | Social Studies (SST) Class 9 PDF Download

Village Palampur

Palampur is a small village having about 450 families. It is 3 km away from Raiganj — a big village. Shahpur is the nearest town to the village.

Main Production Activities

• Farming is the main production activity in the village Palampur. 
• Most of the people are dependent on farming for their livelihood. 
• Non-farming activities such as dairy, small-scale manufacturing (e.g. activities of weavers and potters, etc.), transport, etc., are carried out on a limited scale.

Factors of Production

• Land, labour, and capital are the basic requirements for the production of goods and services which are popularly known as factors of production. 
• Land includes all free gifts of nature, e.g., soil, water, forests, minerals, etc. 
• Labour means human effort which of course includes physical as well as mental labour.
• Physical capital is the third requirement for production. 
• Physical capital includes fixed capital (e.g. tools, machines, building, etc.) and raw materials such as seeds for the farmer, yarn for the weaver.

Important Changes in Farm Activities

Land

• Land area under cultivation is virtually fixed. 
• However, some wastelands in India has been converted into cultivable land after 1960. 
• Over the years, there have been important changes in the way of farming, which have allowed the farmers to produce more crops from the same amount of land.
• These changes include:
  (a) Multiple cropping farming
  (b) Use of modern farming methods.
• Due to these changes (in the late 1960s) productivity of land has increased substantially which is known as Green Revolution. Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modern farming methods in India.

Labor

• After land, labour is the next basic factor of production. 
• Small farmers provide their own labour, whereas medium and large farmers make use of hired labour to work in their fields.

Capital

• After land and labour, capital is another basic factor of production. All categories of farmers (e.g. small, medium, and large) require capital. 
• Small farmers borrow from large farmers or the village money lenders for the traders who supply them various inputs for cultivation. 
• Modern farming requires a great deal of capital.

Sale of Surplus Farm Products

• Farmers produce crops on their lands by using the three factors of production, viz. land, labour, and capital. 
• They retain a part of produce for self-consumption and sell the surplus in the nearby market.
• That part of farm produce that is sold in the market is called a marketable surplus. Small farmers have little surplus output. 
• It is the medium and large farmers only who have substantial surplus produce for selling in the market. 

Non-farm activities

• Out of every 100 workers in the rural areas in India, only 24 are engaged in non-farm activities. 
• There is a variety of non-farm activities in the village. 
• Dairy, small-scale manufacturing, transport, etc., fall under this category.

Watch the video below for detailed explanation: