The Science Class 8 chapter, Crop Production & Management, is a fundamental topic in the field of agriculture that aims to teach students about the different agricultural practices used to cultivate crops. Let's have a look at the NCERT Solutions of the chapter.
Q1. Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks.
(float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation)
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called ______.
Ans: The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called the crop.
A crop refers to a large number of similar plants cultivated for agricultural purposes in a specific area. Examples:
(b) The first step before growing crops is ______ of the soil.
Ans: The first step before growing crops is the preparation of the soil.
Preparation of soil involves various activities such as plowing, leveling, and adding organic matter to the soil to create favorable conditions for plant growth.
Preparation of Soil(c) Damaged seeds would ______ on top of water.
Ans: Damaged seeds would float on top of the water.
Damaged seeds would float on top of the water. Floating is a characteristic of damaged seeds, as damaged seeds have air pockets inside them that cause them to stay afloat when placed in water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and ______ and ______ from the soil are essential.
Ans: For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and water and nutrients from the soil are essential.
Sunlight provides energy for photosynthesis, while water and nutrients from the soil are necessary for the plant's growth, development, and overall health.
Q2. Match items in column A with those in column B. Ans:
Summary of Each Term:
Kharif Crops:
Rabi Crops:
Chemical Fertilizers:
Organic Manure:
Q3. Give two examples of each.
(a) Kharif crop
(b) Rabi crop
Ans:
(a) Paddy and maize(b) Wheat and gram
Q4. Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following:
(a) Preparation of soil
(b) Sowing
(c) Weeding
(d) Threshing
Ans:
(a) Preparation of soil
(b) SowingSowing
(c) WeedingWeeding
(d) Threshing
Threshing
Q5. Explain how fertilizers are different from manure.
Ans: Here are the differences between fertilizers and manure.
Q6. What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation that conserve water.
Ans: Irrigation is the artificial application of water to soil or land to assist in the growing of crops and vegetation.
Two methods of irrigation that help in water conservation are as follows:
1. Drip Irrigation: Drip irrigation is a highly efficient method that delivers water directly to the base of plants through a network of tubes and emitters. This system allows water to drip slowly, minimizing evaporation and runoff.
Drip Irrigation
Benefits:
2. Sprinkler Irrigation: Sprinkler irrigation mimics natural rainfall by distributing water through a system of pipes and pumps that spray water onto the crops through a series of nozzles or sprinkler heads.
Sprinkler SystemBenefits:
7. If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
Ans:
Q8. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
Ans: Continuous planting of the same crop can negatively affect soil health in several ways:
Q9. What are the weeds? How can we control them?
Ans: Weeds are undesirable plants that grow naturally alongside crop plants in a field.
Farmers use various methods to control weeds and reduce their impact:
Tilling: Before sowing crops, tilling helps uproot and kill weeds, allowing them to dry up and mix with the soil.
Manual Removal: Manual weeding involves physically uprooting or cutting weeds close to the ground. Tools like a khurpi can be used for this purpose. It is best to remove weeds before they produce flowers and seeds.
Weedicides: Farmers also use chemicals known as weedicides, such as 2,4-D, to kill weeds without harming the crops. These chemicals are diluted with water and sprayed on the fields during the vegetative growth stage of the weeds, ideally before they flower and set seeds.
Q10. Arrange the following boxes in the proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production.
Ans: Preparation of soil → Ploughing the field → Sowing → Manuring → Irrigation → Harvesting → Sending crop to the sugar factory.
Q11. Complete the following word puzzle with the help of clues given:
Down
(a) Providing water to the crops.
(b) Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions.
(c) Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale.
Across
(d) A machine used for cutting the matured crop.
(e) A rabi crop that is also one of the pulses.
(f) A process of separating the grain from the chaff.
Ans:
(a) Irrigation
(b) Storage
(c) Crop
(d) Harvester
(e) Gram
(f) Winnowing
Q1. What is crop production and management?
Ans: Crop production and management refers to the process of growing crops and managing them to ensure a good yield. It involves several activities such as land preparation, selection of suitable crops, irrigation, fertilization, pest and disease control, and harvesting.
Q2. What are the different types of crops?
Ans: Crops can be broadly classified into two categories: food crops and cash crops. Food crops are grown for consumption, while cash crops are grown for sale in the market.
Q3. What is organic farming?
Ans: Organic farming is a method of farming that involves the use of natural fertilizers and pest control methods instead of synthetic chemicals. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to agriculture.
Q4. What are the advantages of crop rotation?
Ans: Crop rotation is the practice of growing different crops in the same field in a planned sequence to improve soil health and crop yield. Some of the advantages of crop rotation include reduced soil erosion, improved soil fertility, and better control of pests and diseases.
Q5. How can pests and diseases be controlled in crop production?
Ans: Pests and diseases can be controlled in crop production through various methods such as biological control, chemical control, and cultural control. Biological control involves using natural predators to control pests, while chemical control involves using pesticides. Cultural control involves practices such as crop rotation and sanitation to prevent the spread of diseases.
91 videos|273 docs|44 tests
|
1. What are the main steps involved in crop production? |
2. How does irrigation impact crop production? |
3. What are the different methods of sowing seeds? |
4. Why is pest control important in crop management? |
5. What are the benefits of crop rotation? |
|
Explore Courses for Class 8 exam
|