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4.2 Technical questions:

1. How to remember the refinery process flow sheet in a simple way?

Ans: Well, visualize the refinery into four blocks namely the separation block, the treating block, the reactive transformation block and the rest.
The separation block consists of CDU, VDU, naphtha splitters, C4, C3 and other separators
The treating block consists of all hydrotreaters and gas treating unit
The reactive transformation block consists of thermal cracker (termed as cracking), alkylator, isomerizer and reformer
The last block consists of other units such as blending units, kerosene splitter, n-butane splitter.
This way the refinery can be easily remembered after thoroughly understanding the functional role of each process.

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(a) Crude distillation Unit

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(b)  Vacuum distillation unit

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(c)Thermal Cracker

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(d) Naphtha HDS

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(e) LGO Hydrotreater

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(f) HGO Hydrotreater

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(g) C4 Separator

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(h) Kerosene Splitter

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(i)FCC Unit

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(j)C3 Separator

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(k) C2 Separator Unit

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(m) Gas treating Unit

 

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(n) Naphtha Splitter

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(o) Catalytic Reformer

 

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(p) n-Butane Splitter

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(q) Isomerization Unit

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(r)Alkylation Unit

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(s) LVGO Splitter

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(t) LPG Pool Unit

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(u) Gasoline Pool

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(v) Gasoil Pool

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

(w) Fuel Oil Pool

 

Figure 4.1: Summary of prominent sub-process units in a typical petroleum refinery complex

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

Table 4.1: Summary of streams and their functional role as presented in Figures 1 and 2.

Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

Figure 4.2: Overall refinery process block diagram (Dotted lines are for H2 stream).

The document Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) | Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering is a part of the Chemical Engineering Course Chemical Technology.
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FAQs on Overview of Refinery Processes (Part - 2) - Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering

1. What is a refinery process?
Ans. A refinery process refers to a series of chemical and physical operations carried out in a refinery to convert crude oil into useful petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. These processes involve various techniques such as distillation, cracking, reforming, and hydrotreating.
2. How does distillation work in a refinery process?
Ans. Distillation is a crucial step in a refinery process. It works by heating crude oil to a high temperature, causing it to vaporize. The vapor is then condensed and collected at different temperature ranges, separating it into various fractions based on their boiling points. Each fraction contains hydrocarbons with similar molecular weights, allowing the production of specific petroleum products.
3. What is cracking in a refinery process?
Ans. Cracking is a process in a refinery that breaks down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones. It is done by subjecting the hydrocarbons to high temperatures and pressures, or using catalysts. Cracking is used to produce valuable products such as gasoline and diesel from heavier crude oil fractions, which have higher boiling points and less commercial value.
4. What is reforming in a refinery process?
Ans. Reforming is a refinery process that converts low-octane naphtha into high-octane gasoline. It involves rearranging the carbon and hydrogen atoms within the naphtha molecules to produce aromatic compounds, which have higher octane ratings. Reforming typically uses catalysts and high temperatures to achieve this conversion.
5. What is hydrotreating in a refinery process?
Ans. Hydrotreating is a refining process that removes impurities, such as sulfur and nitrogen compounds, from petroleum products. It involves subjecting the products to high temperatures and pressures in the presence of hydrogen and catalysts. Hydrotreating improves the quality of the products by reducing their sulfur and nitrogen content, making them cleaner and environmentally friendly.
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