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SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. What are natural resources? Explain with examples.
Ans. The resources provided by nature or obtained from the nature are called natural resources. For example: air, water, soil and sunlight etc.
Q. 2. Classify the natural resources on the basis of their availability.
Ans. On the basis of the availability various, natural resources in nature can be classified in the following two groups:
(i) Inexhaustible natural resources: Air, Water, Soil, Sunlight, etc.
(ii) Exhaustible natural resources: Forests, Wildlife, Minerals and Coal etc.
Q. 3. What are inexhaustible natural resources? Explain with example.
Ans. The resources which are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities are called inexhaustible natural resources. For example: air, sunlight etc.
Q. 4. What are exhaustible natural resources? Explain with example.
Ans. The resources which are present in limited quantity in nature and can be exhausted by human activities are called exhaustible natural resources. For example: forests, wildlife and minerals etc.
Q. 5. What are fossil fuels? Name the main fossil fuels.
Ans. The remains of dead plants and animals are called fossils. The fuels formed by the remains of dead plants and animals are called fossil fuels. Main fossil fuels are: coal petroleum and natural gas.
Q. 6. What is coal? Write its uses?
Ans. Coal is a fossil fuel and is hard as stone.
Uses: (i) Coal is used to cook food.
(ii) It is used in thermal power plants to produce electricity.
(iii) It is also used as an industrial fuel.
Q. 7. What is coke? Write its uses.
Ans. Coke is a tough porous and black substance. It is almost the purest form of carbon. It is formed by heating coal in the absence of air.
Uses: (i) It is used in manufacture of steel.
(ii) It is used in the extraction of metals.
Q. 8. What is coal tar? What are its uses?
Ans. Coal tar is a black thick liquid. It is a mixture of about 200 substances.
Uses: (i) It is used as a source of various useful substances.
(ii) It is used to get naphthaline which is used to repel moths and other insects.
(iii) It is used to make road surface.
Q. 9. What is coal gas? Write the uses of coal gas.
Ans. Coal gas is a by-product formed when coal is heated in absence of air.
Uses: (i) It is used as fuel in many industries.
(ii) Previously it was used for street lighting in London in 1810.
Q . 10. What is petroleum? Why is it called black gold?
Ans. Petroleum is a dark oily liquid. It is a mixture of various constituents. Its constituents are very useful. Due to its great commercial importance petroleum is also called black gold.
Q . 11. Where and when was the first oil well drilled? (i) in world and (ii) in India.
Ans. (i) The world’s first oil well was drilled in Pennsylvania, (U.S.A.), in 1859.
(ii) In India, the first oil well was drilled at Makum (Assam) in 1867.
Q . 12. What do you mean by refining and petroleum refinery?
Ans. The process of separating various components or fraction of petroleum is called refining. This process is carried out in petroleum refinery.
Q . 13. Why is natural gas called a very important fossil fuel in these days?
Ans. Natural gas is a very important fossil fuel because it is easy to transport through pipes. It is used in the form of CNG as fuel and generation of power.
Q . 14. Why is CNG called a clean fuel?
Ans. CNG is called a clean fuel because:
(i) It does not produce any pollution.
(ii) No residue is left after burning of CNG.
(iii) It burns completely in the air.
Q . 15. What are the harmful effects of using fossil fuels?
Ans. Harmful effects of burning fossil fuels are as following:
(i) Burning of fossil fuels cause air pollution.
(ii) They also cause global warming because they produce greenhouse gas like carbon dioxide on burning.
Q . 16. What are petrochemicals? What are their uses?
Ans. Many useful substances are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. These are called petrochemicals. Petrochemicals are used in the manufacture of detergents, fibres, polythene and other plastics and fertilizers.
Q. 17. Make a list of various materials used by us in daily life and classify them as natural and man-made materials (Refer to Activity 5.1).
Ans.
|
Natural material |
Man-made material |
|
1. Air |
1. Table |
|
2. Soil |
2. Chair |
|
3. Water |
3. Car |
|
4. Sunlight |
4. Bus |
|
5. CNG |
5. TV |
|
6. LPG |
6. Plastic |
|
7. Coal |
7. Rubber |
|
8. Petrol |
8. Food |
|
9. Fruits |
9. Bed |
|
10. Minerals |
10. Blackboard |
FAQs on Short Answers - Coal and Petroleum, Science, Class 8
| 1. What is coal and petroleum? |  |
| 2. How is coal formed? | |
Ans. Coal is formed from the remains of plants that lived in swamps and marshes millions of years ago. When these plants died, they sank to the bottom of the swamps and were covered with layers of mud and sediment. Over time, the plant remains were subjected to high pressure and temperature, which caused them to undergo chemical changes and transform into coal.
| 3. How is petroleum formed? | |
Ans. Petroleum is formed from the remains of marine organisms such as algae and plankton that lived in ancient oceans millions of years ago. When these organisms died, their remains sank to the bottom of the ocean and were covered with layers of sediment. Over time, the organic material was subjected to high pressure and temperature, which transformed it into petroleum.
| 4. What are the uses of coal and petroleum? | |
Ans. Coal is primarily used as a fuel for electricity generation and heating. It is also used in the production of steel, cement, and other industrial processes. Petroleum is used as a fuel for transportation, including cars, airplanes, and ships. It is also a key ingredient in the production of various products such as plastics, fertilizers, and chemicals.
| 5. Are there any environmental concerns associated with the use of coal and petroleum? | |
Ans. Yes, there are several environmental concerns associated with the use of coal and petroleum. Burning coal releases greenhouse gases and air pollutants, contributing to climate change and air pollution. Coal mining can also have negative impacts on the environment, including habitat destruction and water pollution. Petroleum extraction and refining can lead to oil spills, which have detrimental effects on marine ecosystems. Additionally, the combustion of petroleum products in vehicles contributes to air pollution and smog formation.
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