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LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
 

Q. 1. What do you mean by deforestation? Explain the
(i) Man-made cause of deforestation
(ii) Natural causes of deforestation.
Ans.
The cutting of trees or forest lands being cleared for other purposes like urbanisation and industrialisation is called deforestation.

(i) Man-made cause of deforestation:

(i) Forest land is used for urbanisation.
(ii) As the population grows, the industries also grow.
(iii) Wood from forests is used for making furniture, doors and windows.
(iv) Wood of forest is also used as fuel.

(ii) Natural Causes of deforestation:

(i) Forest fires.
(ii) Severe droughts.
 

Q. 2. Explain the main consequences of deforestation.
Ans.
There are following consequences of deforestation:

(i) Deforestation destroys the habitats of many organisms.

(ii) It causes various natural calamities like floods and droughts etc.

(iii) It reduces rainfall.

(iv) It causes global warming.

(v) It increases the amount of carbon dioxide and pollutes environment.

(vi) Oxygen and water level are decreased.

(vii) It causes soil erosion and desertification.

(viii) It creates imbalance between oxygen and carbon dioxide gases.


Q. 3. Make a list of threatened animals. Write their causes of becoming endangered.
Ans. (i) Blue Whale:
Its oil and the blubber are used for making medicines, so it is endangered.

(ii) African Elephants: They are endangered because they are hunted for their ivory.

(iii) Sea Turtles: The turtles are used to make many things. Their shells are used to make jewellery, combs and sun glasses.

(iv) Bengal Tiger: Tiger is killed for its skin and bones.

(v) Black Rhino: It is mainly killed for its horn, which is used for making handles of daggers. The main cause of threat is the destruction of its habitats.

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FAQs on Long Answers - Conservation of Plants and Animals, Science, Class 8

1. What is conservation of plants and animals?
Ans. Conservation of plants and animals refers to the protection and sustainable management of the Earth's biodiversity. It involves maintaining and preserving the natural habitats, ecosystems, and species to prevent their extinction and maintain a balanced environment.
2. Why is conservation of plants and animals important?
Ans. Conservation of plants and animals is important for several reasons. Firstly, it helps in maintaining the balance of ecosystems and preserving biodiversity, which is essential for the survival of all living organisms. Secondly, it ensures the availability of resources such as food, medicines, and clean water, which are derived from plants and animals. Lastly, conservation helps in preserving the aesthetic value of nature and provides recreational and educational opportunities.
3. What are the major threats to plants and animals?
Ans. There are several major threats to plants and animals, including habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, invasive species, and overexploitation. Habitat destruction, caused by activities like deforestation and urbanization, leads to the loss of natural habitats for plants and animals. Pollution, including air and water pollution, affects the health and survival of various species. Climate change alters ecosystems and disrupts the natural cycles of plants and animals. Invasive species outcompete native species and disrupt the balance of ecosystems. Overexploitation involves the unsustainable use of plants and animals for resources, such as overfishing and illegal wildlife trade.
4. How can we conserve plants and animals?
Ans. There are several ways to conserve plants and animals. Firstly, protecting and preserving natural habitats is crucial. This can be done through the establishment of protected areas, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries. Secondly, implementing sustainable practices in agriculture, fisheries, and forestry can minimize the negative impact on plants and animals. Thirdly, raising awareness and educating the public about the importance of conservation can promote responsible behavior towards nature. Additionally, enforcing strict laws and regulations against illegal hunting, trade, and pollution is necessary. Finally, supporting conservation organizations and participating in community-based conservation initiatives can contribute to the preservation of plants and animals.
5. How does conservation of plants and animals benefit humans?
Ans. Conservation of plants and animals directly benefits humans in various ways. Firstly, it ensures the availability of vital resources such as food, medicines, and clean water, which are derived from plants and animals. Many life-saving drugs and treatments are derived from natural sources. Secondly, conservation of natural habitats helps in regulating climate, preventing soil erosion, and maintaining water quality. It also provides recreational and tourism opportunities, contributing to the economy. Furthermore, the preservation of biodiversity enhances the resilience of ecosystems, making them more capable of providing ecosystem services like pollination, pest control, and nutrient cycling. Overall, conservation of plants and animals is essential for the well-being and sustainable development of human societies.
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