Practice Test: General Science- 4 | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE PDF Download

Ques 51. The vaccine-preventable diseases associated with children are ________ 

Ans: Diphtheria, whooping cough (pertussis), tetanus, measles, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis (BCG), hepatitis B (These are commonly vaccine-preventable childhood diseases.)

Ques 52. The largest flower in the world is ________ 

Ans: Rafflesia (Rafflesia arnoldii), which produces the largest single flower.

Ques 53. Which gland in the human body is popularly called 'Adam's Apple'? 

Ans: The term "Adam's apple" refers to the thyroid cartilage (laryngeal prominence) of the larynx, not a gland.

Ques 54. What do you mean by biopsy? 

Ans: Examination of a small piece of tissue removed from a living body for microscopic or pathological study.

Ques 55. 'Amnesia' is related to the loss of ________ 

Ans: Memory.

Ques 56. Silver fish is ________

Ans: An insect (order Zygentoma; commonly called silverfish).

Ques 57. Identical twins are born when ________ 

Ans: One sperm fertilises the ovum and the resulting zygote divides into two embryos that develop independently (monozygotic twinning).

Ques 58. "AIDS" affects ________ 

Ans: The immune system of the human body (caused by HIV infection leading to AIDS).

Ques 59. Fruits infested with larvae of pests, imported from abroad are more dangerous in India than in the country of their origin since ________ 

Ans: Natural predators and parasites that control those pests are often absent in the new environment, allowing the pests to become more damaging.

Ques 60. Which factor is most responsible for the damage of stored foodgrains? 

Ans: Environmental humidity (high moisture promotes fungal growth, insect infestation and spoilage).

Ques 61. Bull semen for the purpose of artificial insemination is stored in ________

Ans: Liquid nitrogen (cryopreserved at very low temperatures).

Ques 62. Seeds can be best preserved in ________ 

Ans: Cool and dry conditions (low temperature and low moisture reduce metabolic activity and prolong viability).

Ques 63. Tobacco-mosaic virus in tobacco plant has ________ 

Ans: Single-stranded RNA (TMV is a positive-sense ssRNA virus).

Ques 64. Which is normal human (male) chromosomal constitution? 

Ans: 44 + XY (total 46 chromosomes: 44 autosomes and the sex chromosomes XY).

Ques 65. How can you explain the feeling of hunger? 

Ans: Hunger arises when blood levels of nutrients (especially glucose) fall and the body signals the need for food (hormonal and neural regulation such as ghrelin and hypothalamic centres).

Ques 66. Rheumatic heart patients are specially advised against taking ________ 

Ans: Excess salt (to avoid fluid retention and increased blood pressure which strain the heart).

Ques 67. If T.B. bacteria attack the bone of a patient and damage the bone marrow, what would be the main problem in the patient's bio-system?

Ans: Reduced production of red blood cells (RBCs) and other blood elements because bone marrow function is impaired.

Ques 68. The chief function of a gene is to ________ 

Ans: Determine the characteristics of a cell or organism by carrying the genetic information that codes for proteins and RNA.

Ques 69. If a person's diet consists of rice, dal and curds only, he is likely to suffer from a deficiency of ________ 

Ans: Vitamins and certain micronutrients (such a diet may lack adequate vitamin A, B12, and other vitamins/minerals unless supplemented).

Ques 70. The disease, in which bronchial tubes become narrow due to spasms of the bronchial muscles and swelling of the mucous membrane, is called ________ 

Ans: Asthma.

Ques 71. The hormone that regulates blood pressure is ________ and it is secreted by ________ 

Ans: Adrenaline (epinephrine) - secreted by the adrenal (suprarenal) medulla. (Other hormones that regulate blood pressure include aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone.)

Ques 72. The chemical digestion of food takes place in ________ 

Ans: Mouth, stomach and small intestine (salivary, gastric and pancreatic/intestinal enzymes act on food).

Ques 73. In case of road accidents, your first step for the injured person should be to ________ 

Ans: Ensure the airway is clear and treat asphyxia if present (follow the ABCs of first aid: Airway, Breathing, Circulation).

Ques 74. Which organ in man keeps food in reserve? 

Ans: The liver stores glucose as glycogen and acts as a reserve of energy; skeletal muscle also stores glycogen.

Ques 75. Which gland acts both as endocrine and exocrine gland? 

Ans: Pancreas (endocrine function: insulin and glucagon; exocrine function: digestive enzymes).

Ques 76. Among snakes, the one that is killed for its beautiful skin and has now been declared an endangered species, is ________ 

Ans: Python (e.g., Python molurus, exploited for skin; protected/endangered in many regions).

Ques 77. The best position in which we can put a person when he has lost consciousness is ________

Ans: Place the person in the semiprone (recovery) position - partially on the side and partly prone - to keep the airway clear and prevent aspiration.

Ques 78. A vegetarian may get the required phosphorus for his body from ________ 

Ans: Milk (and other dairy products; phosphorus is also present in legumes, pulses and whole grains).

Ques 79. A colour-blind person commonly has difficulty in seeing ________ 

Ans: Red and green (most common form is red-green colour deficiency; some individuals also have difficulty with certain pale tints).

Ques 80. In the human body, fats are stored in ________ 

Ans: Adipose tissue (specialised fat-storing connective tissue).

Ques 81. Breathing through the nose is better because ________ 

Ans: The nasal passage is longer and the air is warmed, filtered and humidified before it reaches the lungs.

Ques 82. Hormones are useful for ________ 

Ans: Regulating metabolic functions and coordinating growth, development and homeostasis.

Ques 83. Hydrophobia may affect a perosn suffering from _____

Ans: Dog bite (hydrophobia is a classical symptom of rabies, which is commonly transmitted by rabid animal bites).

Ques 84. Prokaryotes are ________ 

Ans: Organisms lacking a definite nucleus (their genetic material is not enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus).

Ques 85. Honey that has a high concentration of sugar does not decay because ________ 

Ans: High osmotic strength draws water out of microbes so bacteria and fungi cannot survive or grow actively in such a solution.

Ques 86. On chemical analysis, a bottle-cork is found to contain primarily ________ 

Ans: Carbohydrates (cellulose and related polymers) - cork contains cell wall substances including suberin and cellulose.

Ques 87. Granum is a component of ________ 

Ans: Chloroplasts (a granum is a stack of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts).

Ques 88. "Flame of the forest" refers to ________ 

Ans: A forest or area of trees that produce bright red or orange flowers during the flowering season (commonly applied to trees like Butea monosperma, known as palash).

Ques 89. Lucerne is a ________ 

Ans: Fodder/forage (foliage) crop (lucerne is another name for alfalfa, grown for animal feed).

Ques 90. The phlegm that accumulates in the bronchi is cleared during coughing by ________

Ans: Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract, whose cilia move mucus upward to be expelled.

Ques 91. Milk teeth in a child of 3-4 years do not include ______ 

Ans: Premolars (bicuspids) - deciduous (milk) dentition has incisors, canines and primary molars but no premolars.

Ques 92. If you are standing on your head, the apple being chewed in the mouth ________ 

Ans: Can be swallowed because peristaltic movements of the oesophagus push food into the stomach irrespective of body orientation.

Ques 93. Some states in India have imposed a ban on the consumption of kesari dal (Lathyrus sativus) because it causes gradual loss of ________ 

Ans: Movement of lower limbs (lathyrism causes spastic paralysis, affecting lower limbs).

Ques 94. The Central Rice Research Institute of India is located at ________ 

Ans: Cuttack (Odisha).

Ques 95. "I flatter myself having discovered the method that nature employs to purify air. It is vegetation." Who is credited with this statement and discovery? 

Ans: Joseph Priestley (noted for early work on gases and plants' role in air purification).

Ques 96. When fishes are kept in an aquarium containing water but no aquatic plants, they frequently come to the surface and float in a semivertical position for wnat of ________ 

Ans: Dissolved oxygen (surface-near water has more dissolved oxygen; plants normally help maintain oxygen levels).

Ques 97. Puncture of the thoracic wall but not of the lung itself will cause ________ 

Ans: Collapse of the lung (pneumothorax occurs when the pleural cavity is opened to air, destroying the negative pressure that keeps the lung expanded).

Ques 98. Insufficient dietary iodine causes a/an ________ 

Ans: Enlarged thyroid (goitre) due to inadequate thyroid hormone synthesis.

Ques 99. Patients who excrete large quantities of sodium in the urine have ________ 

Ans: Diseased adrenal cortex (reduced aldosterone secretion from adrenal cortex, as in Addison's disease, leads to sodium loss).

Ques 100. The movement of eggs from the ovaries to the uterus proceeds through the ________

Ans: Fallopian tube (also called uterine tube or oviduct).