Receivables - Components of Financial Statements, Financial Analysis and Reporting | Financial Analysis and Reporting - B Com PDF Download

Definition: Accounts Receivable (AR) is the proceeds or payment which the company will receive from its customers who have purchased its goods & services on credit. Usually the credit period is short ranging from few days to months or in some cases maybe a year. 

Description: The word receivable refers to the payment not being realised. This means that the company must have extended a credit line to its customers. Usually, the company sells its goods and services both in cash as well as on credit. 

When a company extends credit to the customer, the sale is realised when the invoice is generated, but the company extends a time period to the customers to pay the amount after some time. The time period could vary from 30-days to a few months. 

Account Receivables (AR) are treated as current assets on the balance sheet. Let's understand AR with the help of an example. Suppose you are a manufacturer M/S XYZ Pvt Ltd and you manufacture tyres. 

A customer gives you an order of Rs 1,00,000 for 100 tyres. Now, when the invoice is generated for that amount, sale is recorded, but to make the payment the company extends the credit period of 30-days to the customer. 

Till that time the amount of Rs 1,00,000 becomes your account receivable because the customer will pay that amount before the period expires. If not, the company can charge a late fee or hand over the account to a collections department. 

Once the payment is made, the cash segment in the balance sheet will increase by Rs 1,00,000, and the account receivable will be decreased by the same amount, because the customer has made the payment. 

The amount of account receivable depends on the line of credit which the customer enjoys from the company. Usually, this is offered to customers who are frequent buyers.