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Procedure - To demonstrate the Scattering of Alpha Particles by Gold Foil, Chemistry, Science | Science Class 9 PDF Download
Procedure performed in Rutherford scattering experiment:
Apparatus:
Radioactive source emitting alpha particles, a thin sheet of gold foil, a fluorescent detection screen.
Procedure:
Rutherford's experiment with the gold foil was done by his assistants, Geiger and Marsden. An alpha source was set up. Alpha particles are helium nuclei, two protons and two neutrons. A lead(Pb) block with a slit served as the source. A radioactive substance (giving Alpha particle emission) was put inside. The slit acted as the only means of escape for the alpha particles. The slit was pointed at the thin gold foil. The foil was set up a short distance from the source and in a line with the opening in the lead block.
Using the foil as the center of the collision or scattering events, they took a long strip of material that was coated with zinc sulfide and set it up in an almost complete circle.
They turned off the light. That way they could see the scintillations, the little blinks of light that resulted when an alpha particle hit the screen.They expected all the particles to go right through the thin gold foil, but they noticed some reactions along the sides.
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FAQs on Procedure - To demonstrate the Scattering of Alpha Particles by Gold Foil, Chemistry, Science - Science Class 9
| 1. What is the purpose of the experiment on the scattering of alpha particles by gold foil? |  |
| 2. How is the scattering of alpha particles by gold foil related to the structure of an atom? | |
Ans. The scattering of alpha particles by gold foil helped to provide evidence for the existence of a small, dense, and positively charged nucleus in an atom. It supported the model proposed by Ernest Rutherford, known as the nuclear model of the atom.
| 3. What are alpha particles and why are they used in this experiment? | |
Ans. Alpha particles are positively charged particles consisting of two protons and two neutrons, which are the same as the nucleus of a helium atom. They are used in this experiment because of their high energy and ability to penetrate materials, making them suitable for studying the structure of atoms.
| 4. How does the gold foil scatter alpha particles? | |
Ans. When alpha particles pass through the gold foil, most of them pass straight through without any deflection. However, some of the alpha particles experience a significant deflection or even bounce back. This scattering occurs due to the repulsion between the positive charge of the alpha particles and the positive charge of the gold nucleus.
| 5. What were the main conclusions drawn from the experiment on the scattering of alpha particles by gold foil? | |
Ans. The main conclusions drawn from the experiment were:
- Most of the space inside an atom is empty, as most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil without any deflection.
- There is a small, dense, and positively charged nucleus at the center of an atom, as some alpha particles experienced significant deflection or bounced back.
- The size of the nucleus is very small compared to the overall size of the atom.
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