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Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation PDF Download

Let a denote the first term and r the common ratio of  a G. P. Let Sn represent the sum of first n terms of the G. P.

Thus, Sn = a + ar + ar2 + ... + arn–2 + arn–1 ...   (1)

Multiplying (1) byr, we get
 r Sn = ar + ar2 + .... + arn–2 + arn–1 + arn ... (2)

(1) – (2) ⇒ S– rSn = a – arn

or Sn (1 – r) = a (1 – rn)

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation .....(A)

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation  .......(B)

Either (A) or (B) gives the sum up to the nth term when r ≠ 1. It is convenient to use formula (A) when | r | < 1 and (B) when | r | >1.

Example 1. Find the sum of the G. P.: 1, 3, 9, 27, ... up to the 10th term.

Solution : Here the first term (a) = 1 and the common ratio (r) = 3/1 = 3

Now using the formula,  Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Example 2. Find the sum of the G. P.: 1/√3, 1, √3, .......,81

Solution : Here, a = 1/√3 , r = √3 and tn = l = 81

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

∴ (√3)n-2 = 34 = (√3)8

∴ n – 2 = 8

or n =10

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Example 3. Find the sum of the G. P.:  0.6, 0.06, 0.006, 0.0006, ........ to n terms.

Solution : here, a = 0.6 = 6/10 and r = 0.06/0.6 = 1/10

Using the formula   Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation  we have [∵ r <1]

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Hence, the required sum is Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Example 4. How many terms of the following G. P.: 64, 32, 16, ...... has the sum Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Solution : here, a = 64, r = 32/64 = 1/2 (< 1), and Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Using the formula   Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation , we get

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation.... .. (given)

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

n = 8 

Thus, the required number of terms is 8.

Example 5.  Find the sum of the following sequence :  2, 22, 222, ......... to n terms.

Solution :  Let S denote the sum. Then 

S = 2 + 22 + 222 + ..... to n terms

= 2 (1 + 11 + 111 + .... to n terms)

= 2/9 (9 + 99 + 999 + .... to n terms)

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Example 6. Find the sum up to n terms of the sequence:  0.7, 0.77, 0.777, .......

Solution : Let S denote the sum, then

S = 0.7 + 0.77 + 0.777 + ...... to n terms 

= 7(0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + ...... to n terms)

= 7/9 (0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + ..... to n terms)

= 7/9{(1–0.1) + (1–0.01) + (1 – 0.001) +  to n terms}

= 7/9{(1 + 1 + 1 + ... n terms) – (0.1 + 0.01 + 0.001 +  to n terms)}

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation  ...... (Since r < 1)

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

Sum of n-terms of a G.P. | Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

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FAQs on Sum of n-terms of a G.P. - Quantitative Aptitude for CA Foundation

1. What is a geometric progression (G.P.)?
Ans. A geometric progression (G.P.) is a sequence of numbers in which each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the previous term by a constant ratio. For example, the sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, 162 is a G.P. with a common ratio of 3.
2. How do you find the sum of n terms in a G.P.?
Ans. To find the sum of n terms in a G.P., you can use the formula: Sum = (first term * (1 - common ratio^n)) / (1 - common ratio). This formula applies when the common ratio is not equal to 1.
3. What happens if the common ratio in a G.P. is 1?
Ans. If the common ratio in a G.P. is 1, then the sequence becomes an arithmetic progression (A.P.), not a geometric progression. In an A.P., each term is obtained by adding a constant difference to the previous term.
4. Can the sum of an infinite G.P. be finite?
Ans. Yes, the sum of an infinite G.P. can be finite if the common ratio is between -1 and 1 (excluding -1 and 1). In such cases, the sum converges to a finite value. For example, the sum of the infinite G.P. 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, ... is 1.
5. How is a G.P. different from an arithmetic progression (A.P.)?
Ans. In a G.P., each term is obtained by multiplying the previous term by a constant ratio, while in an A.P., each term is obtained by adding a constant difference to the previous term. In a G.P., the difference between any two consecutive terms is not constant, unlike in an A.P.
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