Basics of Internet, Information & Computer Technology Class 9 NCERT Solutions | Information & Computer Technology (Class 9) - Notes & Video PDF Download

Answer the Following questions

Q1. Define the following terms:
(a) URL: The web browser addresses of internet pages and files are known as URL. Full Form is  Uniform Resource Locator.

(b) FTP: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard protocol used on network to transfer the files from one host computer to another host computer using a TCP based network, such as the Internet.

(c) Blogger: A person who writes a blog is simply known as a blogger.

(d) ARPANET: A project started in 1969 to connect computers at different universities and U.S. defence is known as ARPANET.

(e) Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communication between computers on a network.

(f) Blog: A blog is a web site like any other, but it is intended to offer personal opinions of people on  their hobbies, interests, commentaries, photo blogs, etc.

(g) TCP/IP: TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic point-to-point meaning each communication is from one point (or host computer) in the network to another point or host computer communication protocol on the Internet.

(h) HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol, is a set of standards that allows users of the World Wide Web to exchange information found on web pages on internet.

Q2. Define WWW. How is it different from the Internet?
Answer
The World Wide Web (WWW) is an internet based service, which uses common set of rules known as Protocols, to distribute documents across the Internet in a standard way.

The Internet is a massive network of networks. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet whereas The World Wide Web, or “Web” for short, or simply Web, is a massive collection of digital pages to access information over the Internet. 

 Q3. Briefly explain the various types of servers.
Answer
1. Mail Server: Mail Servers provides a centrally-located pool of disk space for network users to store and share various documents in the form of emails.

2. Application Server: An application server acts as a set of components accessible to the
software developer through an API defined by the platform itself.

3. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server: FTP uses separate control and data connections between the client and the server. FTP users may authenticate themselves in the form of a username and password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it.

 4. Database Server: A database server is a computer program that provides database services to other computer programs or computers using client-server model.

 5. Domain Name System (DNS) Server: A name server is a computer server that hosts a network service for providing responses to queries. It maps a numeric identification or addressing component.

 
Q4. Differentiate between static webpage and a dynamic webpage.
Answer
static webpage:

Q5. Simran has a hobby of writing articles and short write-ups. She wants to share her views with the world. Suggest what she can do to make her views public and share her thoughts with everyone.
Answer
Simran can set up a personal blog on Internet where she can write her views and her thoughts will be shared with the world.

Q6. What is a Search Engine? How does it work?
Answer
Search engines are the programs which are needed to extract the information from the internet.
A search engine works in the following order:
1. Web crawling: Web search engines work by storing information about many web pages. These pages are retrieved by the program known as Web crawler - which follows every link on the site. Web crawler may also be called a Web spider.
2. Indexing: Indexing also known as web indexing, it stores data to facilitate fast and accurate information retrieval.
3. Searching: A web search query fetches the result from the web search engine entered by the user to meet his information needs.

 Q7. What is a Web Server? What are the various services provided by web servers, these days?
Answer
Web server helps to deliver web content that can be accessed through the Internet. The most common use of web servers is to host websites, as the internet is not only used to fetch the information but there are other uses such as gaming, data storage or running business applications.

Various services provided by web servers are:

1. Cost Efficient: Web server is the most cost efficient method to use, maintain and upgrade. Traditional desktop software costs companies a lot in terms of finance.

2. Resource Sharing: Web Server has the capability to store unlimited information such as Google Drives, Cloud computing etc.

3. Data Sharing: With the help of web servers one can easily access the information  from anywhere, where there is an Internet connection using Google docs such as Documents, Excel sheets, Drawings, Powerpoint presentations etc.

4. Backup and Recovery: As all the data now a days is stored on web servers, backing it up and restoring the same is relatively much easier than storing the same on a physical device.

Q8. What is a Web Page? How does it work and how is it different from a website?
Answer
A Web page also known as Electronic Page, is a part of the World Wide Web. It is just
like a page in a book.A Web page can contain an article, or a single paragraph, photographs, and it is usually a combination of text and graphics.
It works in following manner:
→ The server receives the request for a page sent by your browser.
→ The browser connects to the server through an IP Address; the IP address is obtained by translating the domain name.
→ In return, the server sends back the requested page.
A web page is one single page of information, while a website is made up of a number of
different web pages connected by links known as Hyperlinks.

Q9. What is meant by Cloud Computing?
Answer
Cloud Computing is distributed computing over a network, and has the ability to run a program or application on many connected computers at the same time. It is used, where various computing concepts that involve a large number of computers  are connected via real-time communication network such as the Internet.

 Q10. What is a Web Site? How does it differ from a Web Portal?
Answer
Web portal is a medium by which users access the resources, while a website is a destination in itself. Portals and websites are distinct entities which are linked together, but they should not replace each other. A website is also a portal, if it broadcast information from different independent resources where as Web Portal refers to a website or services that provide varied resources and services such as email, forums, search engines and online shopping malls.

Q11. What are the various steps involved while creating a Web Site? Explain.
Answer
Steps involved while creating a web sites are:
Step 1: Hosting - The first step in constructing a website is to decide about the web hosting provider for your site.You can go either with free hosting or paid one.
Step 2: Domain Name - A domain name provides extra branding for your site and makes it easier for people to remember the URL.
Step 3: Plan a Web site - After deciding the domain and your URL, you can start planning your site. You need to decide the audience aimed at. Choose category of website whether it is about news, product or refrence.
Step 4: Build Your Website Page by Page - For building a website you need to work on one page at a time.
Step 5: Publish Your Website - After the completion of the design now it is the time to publish your website on web. Do it with tools on hosting service or with FTP clients.
Step 6: Promote Your Website - There are many ways to promote a website such as web search engine, word of mouth, email, and advertising.
Step 7: Maintain Your Website - Maintenance is the last step of constructing a site which helps in keeping your site updated with the latest trends of market.

Q12. Name some softwares used to create a Website.
Answer
Some softwares used to create a Website are:
1. CoffeeCup Free HTML Editor
2. Notepad++
3. PageBreeze
4. Firebug
5. Firebug
6. Firebug
7. KompoZer
8. OpenBEXI
9. GIMP
10. BlueGriffon

Q13. What do you mean by a Web Browser?
Answer
A browser is a software that lets you view web pages, graphics and the online content. Browser software is specifically designed to convert HTML and XML into readable documents.

Q14. What is meant by SSL?
Answer
The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a protocol, uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Transport Control Protocol (TCP) for managing the security of a message transmission on the Internet. SSL uses the public-and-private key encryption system, which also includes the use of a digital certificate.

Q15. Discuss the various types of blogs.
Answer
Various Types of Blogs are:
1. Personal Blogs: Most Popular, Sharing of stories according to interets of person specific.
2. News and views: A number of news and television companies having professional journalists who post stories and views about the latest events. Visitors can comment their  opinions as well. BBC is a popular example of the same.
3. Company blogs: Many companies run blogs to let their customers and clients know about the new products coming up or progress being made on some project.
4. Micro-blogs: This is a new type of blog where you post very short comments that others can follow and a powerful way for professionals to keep in touch with each other. Twitter is the best
example.

Q16. People now a days are pursuing blogging as their career. But, still there are many who refuse to go for the same. Discuss your views on the topic.
Answer
With the advancement of IT & technology, there are many more who are opting their career as Blogger. Development of web is very crucial. Lots of people come over the web for Information and providing same is the main aim of bloggers. Despite this there is earning also. As the income through advertistment and other sources on blog increases more people are moving into this field. But also there are many who refuse to go for the same as there is no fixed income. Blog is totally dependent on you. If you unfit for one month then your income will collapsed automatically. It is also time consuming process. You need to be patient because you don’t start earning in a single day. Readership takes time to develop within people.

Q17. Briefly explain the elements of a website.
Answer
Elements of websites are:
1. Good Visual Design: A site must be appealing and if required, must be professional. It reflects company, products and services.
2. Screen Resolution: As we know that websites are displayed on the screen of electronic devices and every device has different resolution. We need to make sure that website looks good at this setting and must work nicely for other resolutions too.
3. Colour Scheme & Text Formatting: To make the website presentable appropriate colour scheme must be used. Always use 2 or 3 primary colours that reflect the purpose of site.
4. Insert Meaningful Graphics: Graphics are important, as they provide the site a legible and interactive appearance.
5. Simplicity: Keep the site simple and allow for adequate white space. Don’t overload site with complex design, animation, or other effects to impress your viewers.
6. Relevant Content: Include relevant information along with style, to help the visitors to make a decision.
7. Navigation: Keep the site simple and well organized. Don’t use fancy Navigation Bar in website. Place all the menu items at the top of your site, or above the fold on either side.
8. Minimal Scroll: While surfing the sites for information users do not like scrolling the page instead they need to see all the information on one screen.
9. Consistent Layout: Always use a consistent layout in the whole website which will
help you to retain the theme of the site.
10. Cross-platform/browser Compatibility: Today many open source browsers are being used by the users. Create a website which should be platform independent.

C. Lab Session

Q2. Name all the websites related to e-commerce.
Answer
www.flipkart.com
www.snapdeal.com
www.amazon.in
www.ebay.in
www.myntra.com
www.yebhi.com
www.zovi.com
and many more.

3.Create your e-group on a social networking site and share your opinions and views on environment.
Answer
Students have to do themselves. Choose Facebook, Create a group and add members and share your views.

Q4. Name all the personal types of blogging sites
Answer
www.wordpress.com
www.blogger.com
www.tumblr.com
explore more yourselves.

Q5. List all the popular search engines in the market.
Answer
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
www.bing.com
www.ask.com

Q9. Identify the category of these sites and complete the table.
www.olx.in - advertising, selling, buying
www.facebook.com - social networking
www.icicibank.com - e-banking
www.irctc.co.in - e-rail
www.merriam-webster.com - e-dictionary